creating high resolution shaded surface relief … · directory structure • before downloading...
TRANSCRIPT
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CREATING HIGHRESOLUTION SHADEDSURFACE RELIEF MAPS
USING ARCVIEW
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DEM Mapping
Acquiring DEM data
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Directory Structure
• Before downloading SDTS DEMs intoArcView, a good thing to do is first build adirectory structure.
• A good format might be\75_minute_dem\Michigan (State_name)
• Subdirectories will be created beneathstate_name\75_minute_dem\Michigan\evans_creek
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On the Internet
• Log into the USGS EROS DATA CENTERsite athttp://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/ndcdb.html
• This is the place to start acquiring highresolution DEM data for mappingapplications
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Click on Product Information
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Click on GeoData
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Click on 1:24,000 DEM
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Click ftp via graphics
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US map appears, select area of interest
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Zoomed to area of interest, select area of interest again
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7.5’ minute USGS quadrangles appear, select quadrangle of interest
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Click on quadrangle name
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Click on file with .tar.gz extension
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Click save file
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Select directory in which to download file and change this filename to the example on next slide
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Downloading files
• When down loading a file it is best torename it before actually downloading. Theexample file from the previous slide is30.1.1.1231106.tar.gz
• We can actually rename this fileevans_creek_MI.tar.gz
• When you rename it be sure it has the.tar.gz extension on the end
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NOTE: new name still has .tar.gz extension, but is more comprehensive than the original name
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Tarred & Zipped
• The downloaded files are tarred and zipped
• Tar puts all the files together into one file
• Zip compresses the tarred file
• On the PC use a utility such as Winzip.Winzip will unzipp and untar at the sametime.
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ArcView
• Once you have the files you want you canbegin importing them into ArcView.
• One thing to be aware of is that the DEMfiles can be in meters or feet and they canbe in 30x30 (most common) meter grids or10x10 meter grids.
• Differences in vertical units will cause someextra processing steps
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Add grid directory to directorystructure
Using Windows explorer add adirectory to put your ArcView grid
files in.
I usually just call mine grid.
\75_minute_dem\Michigan\grid
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USGS DEMs in ArcView
• Importing DEMs into Arcview.
• Combining multiple DEMs in ArcView(mosaic).
• Generating shaded relief maps in Arcview.
• Overlaying cultural data.
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Open ArcView
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Double-Click views to open a new view
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Click on import data source
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Click on down arrowthen select USGS SDTS DEM
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Click OK
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Select directory with SDTS DEMs then double click .ddf file
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Select directory to store ArcView grid theme and name ArcView gridthen click OK
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Click yes
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To display the DEM data you mustclick on the box beside the theme nameas shown in the next slide
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Adding adjacent quadrangles
• We have downloaded 4 adjacentquadrangles in the same fashion as the first
• The next slide shows the 4 quadranglesdisplayed on the screen separately
• We will eventually mosaic these tilestogether to form one quadrangle map
• Note on the following slide differences inthe scale of the vertical units (meters &feet)
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Note differencesin vertical scales
FEET
METERS
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Converting meters to feet
• First we combine the quadrangles withmeter units
• We perform a calculator function to convertthe grid data from meters to feet
• Finally we combine all the grids withvertical units in feet
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Select first grid theme to mosaic
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Big_ravine selected
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Select the other grid theme(s) to mosaic
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New theme appears. Remember we have to check the box to the left of thename to get it to appear
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Notice now that the bottom panel covers the previous two
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Map Calculator
• Now that we have the meter quadranglesspliced together we can perform amathematical operation to convert frommeters to feet
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Click onMap Calculator
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Double-click Mosaiced Grids of
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Then click on the multiplication symbol and then 3.28
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Click on evaluate, then x in the upper right corner to get rid of Map Calculator box
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Deleting unnecessary themes• Once we’ve checked to make sure our new
theme is correct by adding it to the view, wecan eliminate the precursory themes.
• We do this by highlighting the themes wewant to delete.
• To highlight one theme, click on it. Tohighlight multiple themes shift-click onthem
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Once we know our mosaic was successful wecan now deletethe precursoryfiles by highlightingthem and clickingDelete Temes in the Edit menu
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Combining the entire region
• Now we have the entire region we startedwith in the same vertical units
• We can now mosaic the files in feettogether to get one continuous map.
• This process is the same that we usedbefore.
• Transformation:Mosaic and then select therelevant files
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NOTE: Here we havetwo other themes selected
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Again, for the new combined theme to show up we must click the box left of its name
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Now we have one continuous map from the original four maps
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House Cleaning• Now we are in a position to create hill
shaded relief maps.
• First however we may want to do somehouse cleaning.
• Our mosaic files are kept in a temporaryfile, arbitrarily named and are apt to getaccidentally deleted.
• We can move this file to a more permanentposition using manage data sources
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Where does my mosaiced filereside?
• If you have set a working directory (File:SetWorking Directory) it will save the file asgrid1 or grid2 etc. in that directory.
• If you delete this theme in a view, it willdelete from the hard disk.
• Highlight the mosaiced theme, then go toTheme:Properties and it will show you thefiles location. See next slide.
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Highlighted grid file location
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Click on Manage DataSources
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Select grid as source type
Click on downarrow then
Select directorywhere temporarygrid file resides
This is found by highlighting the theme and thengoing into Theme:Properties
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Note: generic file name fromTheme:Properties
Click on Copyafter selecting the file grid2
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Select locationfor renamedgrid file
New grid file name
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Now you mustadd the theme to the view
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Select grid as datasource type
Select the directorywhere the composite file was saved
Select the composite file
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We will now add our copied themeto our view. Clickon Add Theme
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Select grid datasource
Select the compositefile we copied topreviously
Select the composite file directory
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After deletingtemporary file
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Hillshade Relief Map
• Two components are required for ahillshaded relief map
• One is Azimuth, which is the sun’s compassposition relative to the map
• Altitude is the sun’s position relative to thehorizon.
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Select ComputeHillshade
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Default Azimuthand Altitude area good place tostart.
Click OK to computehillshade
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NOTE: linesin bottom half ofmap are due to poor acquisitionof the DEM data
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Setting Projection Info
• If not adding overlays in the same relativecoordinates, we must tell ArcView whatprojection the grid file is in, and then theonly data it knows how to overlay (withoutusing a conversion utility) is in latitude andlongitude coordinates.
• The next slide shows the DEM projectionzones in Michigan.
• Our data is in UTM Zone 17
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Our data is from here
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Click on Properties
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Select Projection
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Click the downarrow besidecategory
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Select UTM NAD1927, this is the projection the is in.
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Select Zone 17There are 60 UTMZones 6 degreesof longitude each
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Click on Full Extent andyou can again view your map
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To add culturaloverlays clickAdd Theme andthen add culturaldata themes which are in latitudeand longitude.
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Select the directorywhere the shape filesexist. A separatePower Pointpresentation shows where to get these files
Be sure whentrying to addshape files you have Feature Data Sourceselected
You can select multiple shape files at one timeby holding down the shift key and clicking each fileyou want with theleft mouse button
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Selected themesshow up in the column to the left
Again we have to click on theboxes to the left to get themto display
Themes are over-layed in the orderthey appear.
To change the order, simply dropand drag.
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To change the properties of the theme double click on the theme and an edit boxwill appear.
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Double click on Symbol and another edit window appears. Here we are changing color of the Wbd26007 polygon fill (Water Boundaries for Alpena County, MI)
Select new color from Color Palette
Click Apply
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NOTE: The color change in the lakes. To close the edit boxes just click on theXs in the corners
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Our map with edited cultural overlays.
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We can also label feautes. Click on the theme to label, then Auto-label
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Select what you want labeled and how you want them labeled then click OK
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Font too big or too small
• If the fonts are not what you want you canchange them.
• Go to Theme: Remove Labels
• Go to Window: Show Symbol Window
• This will pop up the edit window where youcan select the font palette.
• Change your font and do Theme: Auto-labeluntil the desired results