Creating the ConstitutionCreating the Constitution

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation

• Eleven of the thirteen Eleven of the thirteen states wrote states wrote constitutions to constitutions to support their new support their new governmentsgovernments

Rhode Island and Rhode Island and Connecticut kept Connecticut kept their charterstheir charters

• The new constitutions The new constitutions reduced the powers reduced the powers of the state of the state governors and gave it governors and gave it to the state to the state legislaturelegislature

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation

• Each state had a Each state had a Governor who Governor who served as his served as his executiveexecutive

• The new The new constitutions constitutions allowed more allowed more people to vote people to vote then beforethen before

White men over 21 White men over 21 were allowed to were allowed to votevote

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation

• States protected States protected individual rightsindividual rights

Virginia’s Bill of Virginia’s Bill of rightsrights• Freedom of Freedom of

ReligionReligion• Freedom of the Freedom of the

PressPress• Trial by JuryTrial by Jury• Limits on SearchesLimits on Searches• Limits on ArrestsLimits on Arrests• No Cruel and No Cruel and

Unusual Unusual PunishmentPunishment

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation • The Continental The Continental

Congress created the Congress created the Articles of Articles of Confederation, it was Confederation, it was adopted in 1777adopted in 1777

• The Government had The Government had one branch, a one one branch, a one house legislature house legislature called Congresscalled Congress

Each state would be Each state would be equal and have one equal and have one votevote

Nine states had to Nine states had to agree on an issue agree on an issue before a law could before a law could go in affectgo in affect

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation The Articles gave The Articles gave

limited central limited central governmentgovernment

Power remained in Power remained in the hands of the the hands of the statesstates• Congress could Congress could

not regulate trade not regulate trade or collect taxesor collect taxes

• Could not enforce Could not enforce lawslaws

Congress could Congress could deal with foreign deal with foreign nations and the nations and the NativesNatives

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation • States had to give States had to give

up their claims in the up their claims in the west for the Articles west for the Articles to be approvedto be approved

Lands were turned Lands were turned over to the national over to the national governmentgovernment

The Land Ordinance The Land Ordinance of 1785of 1785• A system to sell land A system to sell land

and settlementsand settlements• Land was separated Land was separated

into townshipsinto townships

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation

• The Northwest The Northwest Ordinance of 1787Ordinance of 1787

This was a three step This was a three step process for admitting process for admitting new statesnew states

When a territory was When a territory was settled, there would settled, there would be a governor, be a governor, secretary and three secretary and three judges. judges.

The citizens would The citizens would elect a legislatureelect a legislature

When the population When the population reached 60,000, the reached 60,000, the territory would territory would become a state.become a state.

Governing a New Nation Governing a New Nation • There were some There were some

problems with the problems with the Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Each state had its own Each state had its own trade policies, which trade policies, which discouraged trade among discouraged trade among statesstates

The central government The central government did not have the power to did not have the power to taxtax

British continued to British continued to occupy forts in the occupy forts in the Northwest TerritoryNorthwest Territory

The Spanish controlled The Spanish controlled New OrleansNew Orleans

Governing a New NationGoverning a New Nation

• Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion There was an There was an

economic economic depressiondepression

Daniel Shays led an Daniel Shays led an uprising of 1,000 uprising of 1,000 Massachusetts Massachusetts farmersfarmers• They tried to seize They tried to seize

arms from the arms from the state warehousestate warehouse

• The Militia was The Militia was called and the called and the leaders were leaders were arrestedarrested

Governing a New NationGoverning a New Nation

• This caused the This caused the leaders to think leaders to think they needed a they needed a stronger central stronger central governmentgovernment

They wanted to They wanted to revise the Articles revise the Articles of Confederationof Confederation

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention • During the summer During the summer

of 1787, the nations of 1787, the nations leaders met in leaders met in Philadelphia for the Philadelphia for the Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention

The debates were The debates were kept secret-Windows kept secret-Windows were tightly shut and were tightly shut and guards kept the guards kept the public outpublic out

There were 55 There were 55 delegates from 12 delegates from 12 statesstates

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention Washington Washington

became President became President of the Conventionof the Convention

James Madison James Madison took careful notes took careful notes of the meeting of the meeting which were printed which were printed after his deathafter his death

Edmund Randolph Edmund Randolph of Virginia had a of Virginia had a plan for a new, plan for a new, strong central strong central governmentgovernment

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention

• James Madison was the James Madison was the Author of the Virginia PlanAuthor of the Virginia Plan

• The Central Government had The Central Government had three separate branchesthree separate branches Congress would have a Congress would have a

legislative branchlegislative branch• There would be an executive There would be an executive

branch to carry out the lawsbranch to carry out the laws• The judicial branch would The judicial branch would

interpret the lawsinterpret the laws• There would be a two house There would be a two house

legislaturelegislature The problem was who The problem was who

would choose the people would choose the people in the legislaturein the legislature

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention The Great The Great

CompromiseCompromise• The New Jersey The New Jersey

PlanPlan William William

Paterson of Paterson of New Jersey New Jersey wanted a single wanted a single house with house with equal equal representation representation for each statefor each state

• Roger Sherman Roger Sherman figured out a figured out a compromise for compromise for both large and both large and small statessmall states

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention

• There would be a There would be a two house two house CongressCongress The Lower The Lower

house-The house-The House of House of RepresentativRepresentatives would be es would be based on based on populationpopulation

The Upper The Upper house would house would be the Senate be the Senate and had two and had two senators from senators from each stateeach state

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention Southern delegates Southern delegates said that slaves said that slaves should be counted as should be counted as people toward people toward representativesrepresentatives• The Three-fifths The Three-fifths

Compromise said that Compromise said that each enslaved person each enslaved person would be counted as would be counted as 3/5ths of a person3/5ths of a person

• This allowed slavery This allowed slavery in the Constitutionin the Constitution

Ships would only be Ships would only be allowed to bring allowed to bring slaves into the slaves into the country for 20 years. country for 20 years. • In 1808, Congress In 1808, Congress

would ban the would ban the importation of slavesimportation of slaves

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention

• The New The New Constitution had a Constitution had a Preamble. Preamble.

It spoke about the It spoke about the differences differences between the between the Constitution and Constitution and the Articles of the Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Debating the Constitution Debating the Constitution • There had to be 9 out There had to be 9 out

of 13 states to ratify of 13 states to ratify (approve) the (approve) the Constitution for it to go Constitution for it to go in effect.in effect.

Supporters of the Supporters of the Constitution were called Constitution were called Federalists because they Federalists because they wanted a strong Federal wanted a strong Federal governmentgovernment• James Madison, James Madison,

Alexander Hamilton and Alexander Hamilton and John Jay published the John Jay published the Federalist PapersFederalist Papers, which , which were newspapers were newspapers supporting the supporting the constitutionconstitution

Debating the Constitution Debating the Constitution Opponents of the Opponents of the

Constitution were Constitution were called called AntifederalistsAntifederalists• George Mason George Mason

and Patrick Henry and Patrick Henry believed that the believed that the Constitution Constitution would weaken would weaken the states, said the states, said there was no Bill there was no Bill of rights and of rights and thought that the thought that the President would President would become a King.become a King.

Debating the Constitution Debating the Constitution • Delaware approved Delaware approved

the Constitution on the Constitution on December 7, 1787, December 7, 1787, Pennsylvania, New Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia and Jersey, Georgia and Connecticut Connecticut followed. followed.

• Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Maryland and South Maryland and South Carolina had also Carolina had also ratified. ratified.

Debating the Constitution Debating the Constitution • Virginia was looked Virginia was looked

upon as the last upon as the last state because it was state because it was large and powerful.large and powerful.

Patrick Henry Patrick Henry attacked the attacked the ConstitutionConstitution

James Madison James Madison supported the supported the ConstitutionConstitution

While Virginia While Virginia debated, New debated, New Hampshire became Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the 9th state to ratify the Constitutionthe Constitution

Debating the Constitution Debating the Constitution

• New York and New York and North Carolina North Carolina followed and on followed and on May of 1790, May of 1790, Rhode Island was Rhode Island was the last state to the last state to ratify the ratify the ConstitutionConstitution

On July 4, 1788, On July 4, 1788, Philadelphia Philadelphia celebrated the celebrated the ratification of the ratification of the ConstitutionConstitution

Debating the Constitution Debating the Constitution

• George Washington George Washington was elected as the was elected as the first president and first president and John Adams was his John Adams was his Vice PresidentVice President

The makers of the The makers of the Constitution added a Bill Constitution added a Bill of Rights, which are the of Rights, which are the first ten amendments of first ten amendments of the Constitution added the Constitution added by December 1791by December 1791

Debating the Constitution Debating the Constitution #1- Guarantees freedom of #1- Guarantees freedom of

religion, speech and the pressreligion, speech and the press #2- Deals with the right to bear #2- Deals with the right to bear

armsarms #3- Does not allow quartering of #3- Does not allow quartering of

soldierssoldiers #4 Protects citizens from #4 Protects citizens from

unreasonable search and unreasonable search and seizureseizure

#5-8 Protect citizens who are #5-8 Protect citizens who are accused of crimes and brought accused of crimes and brought to trialto trial

#9&10- Limit the powers of the #9&10- Limit the powers of the federal government to those federal government to those that are listed in the that are listed in the ConstitutionConstitution