CREATION OF THE UNITED STATESCH. 6, 6.1, 6.2, GPS #5

SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton).

PRESIDENCY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON

1.First President of the United States of America (1789–1797)2.Established pattern3.Historical events related to govt occurred4.Favored non-intervention in Europe5.Avoided siding with FR against GB6.US persuaded GB to forgive war debts and to trade…booming trade

7.JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789, EST. COURT SYSTEM OF USA8.FIRST CABINET

WASHINGTON’S CABINET(ADVISORS)

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

DEPARTMENT OF WAR

DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY

ATTORNEY GENERAL

THOMAS JEFFERSON

HENRY KNOX

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

EDMUND RANDOLPH

WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY, WHISKEY REBELLION

1. The Whiskey Rebellion, less commonly known as the Whiskey Insurrection, was a popular uprising that had its beginnings in 1791 and culminated in an insurrection in 1794 in the locality of Washington, Pennsylvania. The rebellion was the result of tax imposed on whiskey. The rebellion occurred shortly after the Articles of Confederation had been replaced by a stronger federal government under the American Constitution in 1789. 2.The new govt, the USC, Pres. Washington, assumed the states’ debts. To pay the debt, Congress passed a tax (EXCISE TAX-TAX ON PRODUCT PRODUCED) on whiskey.3. The unrest spread. 4. Washington led federal troops and ended rebellion.5. IMPORTANCE: Washington used USC authority to enforce law. If Americans did not like law, petition Congress peacefully for change.

Whiskey Rebellion, 1791-94

WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY, FORMATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES

1. WASHINGTON’S APPOINTMENTS OF JEFFERSON AND HAMILTON LED TO DIFFERING OPINIONS ABOUT GOVERNMENT POWER.2.WASHINGTON WARNED ABOUT THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES.3.SEE HAND OUT COMPARISON OF HAMILTON AND JEFFERSON, WHICH RESULTED IN POLITICAL PARTIES4.FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES…

FACTIONS (POLITICAL PARTIES)

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS

JEFFERSON

1.LIMITED GOVT POWER TO AREAS DESCRIBED BY USC

FEDERALISTS

HAMILTON

1.EXPAND POWER OF GOVT TO STABLIZE NATION AND ECONOMY

THE PRESIDENCY OF JOHN ADAMS

1. John Adams (October 30, 1735  – July 4, 1826) was an American politician and the second President of the United States (1797–1801), after being the first Vice President (1789–1797) for two terms. He is regarded as one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States.

2. Set patterns like G.W.

3.1ST Term, 1797-18014.Problems with France and fear of French5.Results: U.S. Congress passed…with Federalists support1)Alien and Sedition Acts,1-3, Raised requirements for American citizenship4, Sedition Act, set fines and jail time for persons critical of U.S. govt

5.T. Jefferson and J. Madison’s view: VIOLATION OF 1ST AMENDENT

6. RESULT: NEW IDEA, CONCEPT, STATES’ RIGHTS, OR NULLIFICATION, STATES COULD REFUSE TO ENFORCE FEDERAL LAWS WITH WHICH STATES DID NOT AGREE

UNIT 4: EARLY EXPANSION, CHS. 6-8

RECALL PREVIOUS UNITS

THEMES

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT

CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES

EARLY EXPANSION

SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation. a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark. c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity. d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure. e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

EARLY EXPANSION, THEMES

In this unit student will analyze territorial and population expansion, economic growth, and the impact of these elements on the local, regional, and national levels in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century. The themes of conflict and change, beliefs and ideals, and movement and migration, will be used prominently in this unit to help students understand how Americans found themselves on the brink of a new frontier. Individuals, groups and institutions, along with technological innovations, will give students a frame of reference to understand the sweeping changes that were beginning to take place in regards to changes in the economy and westward movement.

EARLY EXPANSION

THOUGHTS, EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES

MAP REVIEW

AFTER USC RATIFICATION, USA INCREASED IN SIZE AND POPULATION RESULTING IN INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER NATIONS AND PEOPLE.

EARLY EXPANSION, THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

1.1ST TERRITORY OF USA, NORTHWEST TERRITORY

2.CREATED BY THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE (LAW), 1787

NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

The Northwest Ordinance was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. The Ordinance unanimously passed on July 13, 1787. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River.

NORTHWESTORDINANCE

1.USA, WEST EXPANSION

2.NEW STATES IN THE UNION, NOT OLD STATES’ EXPANSION3.BANNED SLAVERY4.OHIO RIVER, DIVIDING LINE BETWEEN SLAVE AND FREE REGIONS5.ESTABLISHED PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NORTHWEST TERRITORY

LOUISANA PURCHASE, 1803

1. USA PRES., T. JEFFERSON

2. PURCHASED FROM NAPOLEON OF FRANCE, INCL. PORT OF NEW ORLEANS, FOR 15 MIL

3. MUCH LAND WEST OF MISS. RIVER

4. USA DOUBLED GEOGRAPHIC SIZE

LOUISANA PURCHASE

Napoleon Bonaparte, upon completion of the agreement, stated, "This accession of territory affirms forever the power of the United States, and I have given England a maritime rival who sooner or later will humble her pride."

EXPLORATION OF LOUISANA TERRITORY

1. LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION, The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803–1806), headed by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, was the first American overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back.

WAR OF 1812, USA V. UK (GB)

CAUSES1. US OBJECTED TO INTERFERENCE BY GB IN TRADE WITH FR.2. GB’S IMPRESSMENT OF US SAILORS AT SEA (FORCE TO SERVE IN BRITISH NAVY)3. US SUSPICIONS GB WAS HELPING NATIVE AMERICANS IN FIGHT AGAINST AMERICANS EXPANSION WEST4. US WANTED GB OUT OF N. AMERICA.

RESULTS OF WAR OF 1812

1. END FOREVER OF US AND GB HOSTILITY

2. US MILITARY WAS A FIGHTING FORCE.

3. INCREASED FEELING OF AMERICAN NATIONALISM

4. STRONG FEELINGS FOR ONE’S NATION OVER SECTION (SECTIONALISM) OF NATION (NORTH, SOUTH)

EARLY EXPANSION, NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE

1.INFRASTRUCTURE

2. Infrastructure can be defined as the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as roads, water supply, power grids, telecommunications, and so forth.

INFRASTRUCTURE

1.RECALL, USA IS EXPANDING WEST.2.RESULT: NEED FOR ROADS, WATERWAYS3.CONSTRUCTION BY PRIVATE COMPANIES4.MOST WERE TOLL ROADS, TURNPIKES5.TOLL USE: ROAD UPKEEP

UNITED STATES, INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM

ESTABLISHED BY PRES. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, 1950S

INFRASTRUCTURE

6.WATERWAYS ALSO CARRIED PEOPLE, PRODUCTS, AND IDEAS WEST.(AS LONG AS THE RIVERS MOVED IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS SETTLERS AND MERCHANTS, TRADERS)

7.STEAMBOAT INVENTION, UP AND DOWNSTREAM TRAVEL

8.CANALS WERE BUILT, MAINLY FOR BARGES AND NOT STEAMBOATS

ERIE CANAL, 1825

1.CONNECTED GREAT LAKES WITH ATLANTIC OCEAN2. IMMIGRANT LABOR3. 363 MILES FROM LAKE ERIE TO HUDSON RIVER TO ATLANTIC OCEAN AT NYC4. TURNPIKE FOR BARGES WHERE ROADS COULD NOT BE BUILT5. LOWERED TRANSPORTATION COSTS6. RESULT: SETTLEMENT OF W. NY AND CONNTECTED NEW REGIONS WITH ATLANTIC STATES

ERIE CANAL

RISE OF NEW YORK CITY

1.UNTIL 1790, NYC WAS CAPITAL OF THE USA2.CAPITAL CITY WAS MOVED SOUTH TO WASHINGTON, D.C., BY A. HAMILTON, FOR SUPPORT OF NATIONAL BANK3.EARLY 1800S, ECO, TRADE CENTER MADE BETTER BY ERIE CANAL4.NYC LINKED ATLANTIC (WORLD TRADE) WITH CENTRAL, MID-WEST USA, AND FARMS5.WORLD’S FINANCIAL LEADER

EARLY EXPANSION AND FOREIGN POLICY

THE MONROE DOCTRINE (M.D.), 18231.PRES. JAMES MONROE2.WARNED EUROPEAN NATIONS TO STAY OUT OF AFFAIRS OF WESTERN HEMISPHERE, N. AND S. AMERICA3.USA WOULD BE NEUTRAL IN WARS BETWEEN EUROPEAN NATIONS AND THEIR AMERICAN COLONIES, BUT, IF BATTLES OCCURRED IN NEW WORLD, USA WOULD VIEW AS HOSTILE ACTIONS AGAINST USA.4.SUMMARY: THE M.D. IS OBSERVED TODAY.

MONROE DOCTRINE

W. HEMISPHERE (NEW WORLD) E. HEMISPHERE

(OLD WORLD)