credit requirement for tribal people final
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credit for tribal people by Rajnikant george ,xidas jabalpurTRANSCRIPT
Credit Requirement for Tribal People
Meghna Rajnikant
Shalini Anu
Santosh04/11/23 1xidas, jabalpur
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Who are the tribes
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Who are the Tribes
Communities are notified as ST under Article 342 of the Constitution based on the following Characteristics
- Primitive Traits
- Geographically Isolated
- Distinct Culture
- Economic backwardness
- Shyness of Contact with Community at Large
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Status of Indian tribal's
Tribal people constitute roughly 8% of the nation’s total population, over 84 million people according to the 2001 census.
Population and growth rate of STs (1971-2001) (in million)
Sources : census of India
Census year Population Growth rate STs
Total STs
1971 548.1 38.0 26.3
1981 683.4 51.6 35.8
1991 846.3 67.8 31.4
2001 1027.0 88.8 31.0
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State wise population of tribal
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Tribal literate population
sources: Ministry of tribal
Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Total literate population
8.5% 11.3% 16.3% 29.65% 47.10%
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Tribal Populations remain Under-served
Many tribal habitats are inaccessible. Consequently, effects of development are either lacking or are sub-standard. Abject poverty of the tribal people is resultant and compounds the problem. According to the development indicators prepared by the Planning Commission, about 35% of STs are below the poverty line. Item
Distribution in % Amongst the STs
Cultivators 54.50
Agricultural Labourers 32.69
Household Industry 1.04
Other Workers 11.76
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Economic status
The large number of STs are landless with no productive assets and with no access to sustainable employment and minimum wages.
Population living below property line
sources : tribal in India Nishi k Dixit2006 pg: 55 table:7
Category 1993-94Rural
1993-94Urban
1999-2000Rural
1999-2000Urban
Total 37.27 32.38 27.09 23.62
STs 51.94 41.14 45.86 34.75
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Cause of backwardness
• Barter and exchange• Lack of Co-operation• Poor manufacturing• Specialization• Nation of property
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Feature of tribal economy
• Forest based economy • Simple technology• Absence of profit in economic dealing • Periodical markets• Gifts and ceremonial exchange• Absence of capital investment
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Loan requirement of tribals
• lean period consumption and festival celebration
• Religious ceremonies • Unforeseen expenditure etc
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Why credit for tribal's ?
• Absence of tribal land right
Agriculture census 1990-91
• Lack of proper livelihood means.
Sl. No.
State Case filed in court
Area covered
1. A.P 65,875 2,87,776
2 BIHAR 86,291 1,04,893
3 GUJARAT 47,926 1,40,324
4 KARNATAKA 42,582 1,30,373
5 M.P 53,806 1,58,398
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Cont..
• Land holding pattern • Exploitation and land alienation caused by
traders• Land alienation through cash crop cultivation • Migration trends among tribal's
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Land alienation caused by industrializationDisplacement of tribal families
Sources :THRTI, Bhubaneswar
District Name of the project Forest area covered
No. of tribal families
displacement
Koraput NALCO and other industrial project
Machkund hydel Dam Balimela project
Upper Kolab Multipurpouse project
2000----
-
1500200070925000
Koraput/kalahandi
Upper indrabati project - 5000
Sungargarh Rourkela steel plant 13,185 -
Keonjhar Salendi Dam - 965
All Orissa Sanctuaries(16) park(12) 7395 -
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Money leader defects
• They charge sky high rate of interest varying between 40%-60%.
• They buy tribal produce at low price • They manipulate the A/c to their own benefit • When tribal fail to repay the loan they grab
their land leading to sub-division and fragmentation .
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Mode of credit
• Non Formal– Relative, friends, money lender, etc
• Institutional– Nabard, – SETBI,:- SHG, JLG- LAMPS- Cooperative society
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“ The Indian adivasi is born in debt lives in debts, dies in debts and bequeaths debts.”
-Royal commission on agriculture 04/11/23 xidas, jabalpur 18
Conceptualized By Rajnikant George
Rajnikant George ( Sukhram Manjhi) Meghna ( Tutu Manjhi) Santosh kumar ( Tuka raja Babu)NarratorsShaliniAnu kumari
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Bibliography
• The silenced drums: a review of tribal economic development, Dr. K.G Karmakar,2002,northen book centre, new Delhi.
• Rural credit and self help groups: micro finance needs and concepts in India, K.G Karmakar, 1999, saga publications, new Delhi
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