cree led lighting technology overview

© 2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved

1 Discussion Highlights

• History of LED Adoption for General

Illumination

• LED and Color Basics

• LED Performance Evolution

– Value Expansion

– Higher Wattage Replacement/Upgrades

– Solution Platforms Optimization

• Color Performance Value

• Sports Lighting Examples

• High Output Adaptive Roadway Lighting

• Airport Apron Lighting Case Study


9


3

Source:

Solid-State Lighting R&D Plan

June 2016

LED Market Penetration

If all applications switched

“overnight” to the best-available

LED Products in 2015…(it)

would result in an annual

energy cost savings of about

$50 billion.


4 LED Market Penetration

Source:

Solid-State Lighting R&D Plan

June 2016

White Light for General Illumination

Creating White Light

WHITE LIGHT

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

Epitaxial Layer

Substrate

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

LED Package

Blue + Phosphor Generating White Light with LEDs

Phosphor

Blue LED

LED Package

11

RALPH C. TUTTLE

Substrate

Phosphor

12

RALPH C. TUTTLE

Substrate

Phosphor

Blue photons emitted from the LED chip strike phosphor particles and are down

converted to longer wavelengths.

13 CIE 1931 Color Space

14

Blue + Yellow Phosphor

Blue Peak

Yellow Phosphor

Phosphor Converted LEDs

16 Approximate Stokes Loss Improvements

2008 to Present

CCT 2008

5700k 1.00

4000k 0.71

3000k 0.42

17 Approximate Stokes Loss Improvements

2008 to Present

CCT 2008 2012 2016

5700k 1.00 1.00 1.00

4000k 0.71 0.94 0.98

3000k 0.42 0.77 0.83

Precise Color Tuning

19 Precise Color Tuning

22 Area Lighting Example 2007

23 Area Lighting Example 2007

• Meeting the Illumination Performance Requirements

• Meeting the Economic Performance Requirements

Evaluating the Viability of LED Solutions

Justification Based on 2 Major Criteria

25

The Value of Lighting Design

Requires Complete and Comprehensive

Product Performance Data!!!

26

Meeting the Illumination

Performance Requirements

IESNA Recommended Practices

27

Compared to Today…

(2007)

5 Year Warranty

53% Energy Savings

53W

82% Energy Savings

80% Price Reduction vs 2007 Product

10 Year Warranty

Area Lighting Example

28

Packaged LED Value Evolution

$/lm

, n

orm

alize

d

(Co

ol W

hite

)

Annual Improvement in $/lm @

100 LPW 43% 45% 35% 29% 45% 40% 27%

Eff

ica

cy (

LP

W)

29

Different Die and Package, Same Performance

96% Reduction in Size (volume)

30

‣Myth: LEDs do not produce heat… [not exactly].

>60%

<40%

31 Thermal Management Value Opportunities

Have Changed

Extruded Aluminum Thermal Conductivity = ~250 W/m-K

32

More Light…

Less Heat…

More Cost???

More LEDs With Same Total Power…

Thermal Management

Looking Back…

Outdoor HID Luminaire Technology

– Optical Distribution Choices for a Given Luminaire Configuration

• ~ 1 – 5

– Lumen Maintenance

• Fixed Value (common rules… generally)

– Hours/Start

– Power Supply

– Rated Lamp Life

– Lamp Choices 70W, 100W, 175W, 250W, 400W, Etc…

– Large Increments of Luminous Intensity & Associated Energy Consumption

Example:

Lamp Service Requirements

34 New Possibilities With LED Luminaire Technology

Application “Fine Tuning”

• Many More Optical Distribution Choice Possibilities

• More/Smaller Luminous Intensity Increments

– Number of LEDs

– Power vs. Output Options

37

High Output High Bay Upgrade Opportunities

38

BEFORE: 1000W MH (1080W) AFTER: 240W X 2 (TWIN Mount)

High ceiling, high ambient applications now possible – up to 149 0F (65 0C)

LED Metal Halide

830W 3,070W

Daylight at Night?


The Value of Exceptional Color Quality

Metal Halide 4000K ~65 CRI

R9 <0

LED 5000K 90+ CRI

R9 50+

Published in March 2015 Collaborative paper between CLTC, University of British Columbia and the National Research Council of Canada.

High Color Rendering Can Enable Better Vision

without Requiring More Power


47 High-mast Applications


48 Lowering Devices… Obsolete???


49

Countless Lamp Service Incidents

Eliminated


50

37 Minute Delay $$$


51

1 for 2 Luminaire Reduction

85% Energy reduction

Color Temperature Tuning (Basketball vs Hockey)

DMX Control for “Dynamic Fan Experience”


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54


55

CONFIDENTIAL - Cree Proprietary


59

5700K

70CRI

5000K

90CRI

Tennis Court Applications


60

Before

After 1 for 1 luminaire replacement

Area Lighting


61 Street and Roadway Lighting


62 Area Lighting


63

Before (HID)

19.1kW

After (LED)

6.5kW

Area Lighting


64

Existing 1000W HPS (40’ Poles) Converted to High Output LED Solution

>80% Energy Reduction

Area Lighting – 1000W Replacement (1 for

2)


65 What’s the Right Color?

Trends Towards Lower CCT in Outdoor Products

• DOE CALiPER

– Trends towards lower CCT in Area/Roadway, Canopy, and Garage luminaires

• International Dark Sky

– Fixture Seal of Approval (FSA) Program requires luminaire to have a listed CCT

of 3000K or below.

• Customer Preference

– Shown in studies and request for proposals: Tucson, AZ (<3500K); Oceanside,

CA (3000K); Stanford University (2700K)

• Less Perceived Glare

– Studies show warmer CCT light sources showed less perceived glare (from a

visual comfort/discomfort perspective).


66


67 Light at Night From Nature

Fire Light to Moonlight


68 Color Temperature of the Moon

~4100 Kelvin

Warmer


69 Outdoor Residential Lighting

Preferred Choices

“Select a color temperature that complements the environment”


70 Object Detection Distance Example

• 250W and 400W HPS Baseline

• 3500K, 4200K, and 5000K LED

HPS HPS LED LED LED 4100K LED

Credit: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute

Is 4000K the “Sweet Spot”?


71 Data Requirements

– Crash Data

• Crash locations

• Time of day

• Contributing factors and potential causes

• Traffic Volume - Hourly

– Roadway Design Data

• The presence of curves, intersections, parking, pedestrians and presence of

other safety systems

– Lighting Design Data

• Includes:

– Luminaire type (Intensity Distribution Type not manufacturer)

– Luminaire installation criteria

– Design layout

– Predicted luminance and illuminance from the design

– Maintenance records

– Costs

– Lighting Performance Data

• In-situ data collection

• Measured with the RLMMS Credit: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute


72 Current IES – Adaptive Possibilities

IES RP-8 Criteria Selected Street

Classification

Selected Pedestrian Classification

Average Luminance

(cd/m2)* Evening Late Night

Major

High 1.2

Medium 0.9

Low 0.6

Collector

High 0.8 0.8

Medium 0.6

Low 0.4 0.4

Minor

High 0.6

Medium 0.5

Low 0.3

Credit: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute


Airport Apron Lighting LED Upgrade

Case Study


74 Existing Challenges

• Excessive Maintenance Costs and Disruption

• Slips and Falls

• Pilots Complaining About Glare

• Poor Color Quality/Visual Acuity


75 Existing Solution

1000W HPS (4 Per Pole)

~4400 Watts Per Pole

Luminaire Mounting Heights Range From 25’ to 84’

Average Pole Spacing is ~180’

Poles are Located at the Perimeter of the Apron Area


76 Airfreight Apron Lighting Design and Installation Activity

• Site Assessment/Review

– Vehicle and Pedestrian Activity

– Existing Illumination Conditions

• Lighting Design Mission

– Segregate the Space Based on Activity and Best Practices

– Educate and Engage the Customer in the Design Process


77 Airfreight Apron Lighting Design and Installation Activity

• Develop Recommended Solutions and ROI Data

– Use IES Recommended Practices

• Recommended Solutions Shall Exceed IES

Minimum Requirements

• Demonstrate the Value of Improved Color Quality

• Mock-Up and “Fine Tuning”


78 Apron Lighting Activity Areas

• Cargo Handling and Service Areas

• Vehicular/Pedestrian Areas

• Aircraft Taxiway


79

Goal:

“Right-size” the Delivered Illumination Performance…

Become the Customer’s Trusted Lighting

Advisor…

Lighting Design and Demonstration Processes Will Prove

to be the Highest Value Elements of the Final Solution

Apron Lighting Activity Areas


80 Apron Area Plan View

Light Poles Positioned at Apron Perimeter


81 Cargo Handling and

Service Areas


82 Motor Vehicle and

Pedestrian Activity Areas


83 Aircraft Apron Taxiway


84


85


86 Initial Mockup/Experiment

Discussion

• Minimize both Capital and Operating Expense

– Reduce Luminaire Count, Where Possible

– Reduce Energy Consumption Significantly (> 50%???)

• Specify Luminaire Aiming Angles That Maximize Pilot Visual

Comfort

• Specify Luminaire Aiming Angles That are as Common &

Consistent as Possible (i.e. Same Pitch and Yaw Angle Relative

to a Given Datum)

– Easy to verify

– Contributes to Highest Probability of Accurate Design to

Field Measurement Correlation Accuracy

• Focus on the Three Application Categories Identified


87

HID Floodlight Examples


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90

Example: Managing Spill Light Above the Main Beam

Symmetric (Above and Below Main Beam)

LED Floodlight Solution

Significant Light Above Horizontal


91

Example: Managing Spill Light Above the Main Beam

Significantly Less Light Above Horizontal

Asymmetric (Above and Below Main Beam)

LED Floodlight Solution


92

Axially Symmetric LED Floodlight Solution


93

Narrow Vertical / Wide Lateral With

Sharp Cutoff Above Main Beam


94

Mockup Results

• Illumination Performance

– Significantly Increased Vertical and Horizontal Illuminance

Performance at the Aircraft Cargo Handling and Service

Areas

– Improved Horizontal Illuminance Values and performance

(max/min, etc…) values at the Motor Vehicle and Pedestrian

Activity Areas

– Equal to Slightly Improved Horizontal Illuminance Values and

performance (max/min, etc…) at the Aircraft Taxiway

– 62% Energy Savings


95

Exterior to Cargo Bay

Illuminance and

Color Quality

Variance


96

Customer Feedback/Comments

The cargo handling & service areas and the pedestrian & motor

vehicle areas look great…

The aircraft taxiway looks dark…

WHY???

Customer Request:

Can you adjust the lights to make everything look

“more even”?


97 Final Result – Looking Out

Toward Runway

Out Toward Runway


98

Final Results and Lessons Learned

Highest Value Elements of the Process

– Lighting Design

• Optical Accuracy Never Before Possible With Incumbent Light

Source Technologies

– Involving the “Users of the Lighting” in the Testing,

Evaluation and Final Recommendations

– Simple Control Technologies Can Contribute, Substantially,

to Overall Value

• Continuous and/or Step Dimming

• Networked Control Systems


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– Field Measurements are Difficult

• Having the Appropriate Measuring Equipment and Skilled

Practitioners is of Vital Importance

– Non-Uniform Distribution of Light is Not Generally Accepted

as Better

• Increasing the Illuminance in Some Areas Make the Other Areas

Look “Even Darker”

• Our Eyes are “Terrible” Absolute Measurement Devices…

But Excellent Comparative Devices…

– The Experience of Higher Color Quality Performance

Plays a Major Role the Perception of Better Light

Final Results and Lessons Learned


Thank You for Your

Time and Attention

Eric Haugaard

Director of Product Technology

Cree LED Lighting

[email protected]

cree led lighting technology overview

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