Vol. LXVII No. I TRINITY COLLEGE, HARTFORD

Trinity's varsity crew strokes to an early-round victory over Fitzwilliams College of Cambridge in the Royal Henley Regatta on Thames, England. After reaching the finals of the¥ Ladies Challenge Plate event, the crew lost to Holland's Nerius Junior Varsity by less than one length.

New Union Represents Janitors;Seeks Significant Raises,Benefits

Crew Is SecondAt Henley Regatta

Local 073 of the Service Em-ployees International Union, AFL-CIO, has presented its contractdemands to the College.

The union was certified as bar-gaining agent for the non-super-visory and non-clerical employeesof the Department of Buildingsand Grounds by a recent elec-tion In which the approximately70 employees Involved voted over-whelmingly In favor of union affi-liation.

The contract proposed by theunion Is a complex document, con-taining nineteen separate articlesin Us eleven pages. Noting thatmany of the employees coveredare recent Immigrants, the pro-posal emphasizes that "employeesmay not be discriminated against

by Michael J. Zimmermanbecause of race, color, religiouscreed, national origin or ancestry.The union has also asked the Col-lege to agree that as a conditionof employment all employees cov-ered by the terms of the contract"shall be required to become mem-bers of the union no later than thethirty-first day after their date ofhire. There Is little if any dis-pute between the union and the col-lege on this point. Likewise, onlyminor differences exist over thequestions of grievance and arbi-tration procedures, and the es-tablishment of a firm senioritysystem. However, on the basicIssue of monetary compensation,the two sides are far apart Intheir initial positions.

The union has proposed a slid-

Committee To ReleaseDrug Report Wednesday

The Trinity College Council's1 committee on drugs will not re-* commend any radical departures'" from the College's current policy

In its final report, according tostudents who worked with thecommittee during the summer.

Though the committee, attempt-• ing to deal with drug usage "as a

health rather than a disciplinaryproblem", did not recommend thatthe College attempt to enforcerules against Illegal drug use, itstressed . that enrollment at the

• College could not protect a stu-1 lent against prosecution under city,\ tate or federal laws, according

i student committee memberDavid Appel '72.

, Subcommittee members statedthat the drug group also recom-mended the establishment of apermanent committee to adviseand aid individuals who are havingdifficulty with the use of drugs.

Student members of the com-mittee declined to release the textof the group's recommendationsalter several subcommittee andCollege Council members request-ed that publication of the reportbe delayed until It Is presentedto the full Council. Dr. Frank ML

Child, TCC chairman, Indicatedthat the Council would considerthe subcommittee's report at itsSeptember 10th meeting.

The Committee on Drugs, withstudent, faculty, administration,alumni, and trustee members, wasformed by the TCC after arequestby President Theodore Lockwoodthat the Council study the prob-lem of illegal drug use on campus.

Early debate in the Council foc-used on the problem of framing aCollege policy which would beacceptable both to members of theCollege and to the outside com-munity. Several TCC membersexpressed concern that action bycity or state police might occurif widespread use of illegal drugsbecame apparent on the campus orif the College did not publiclydiscourage the use of such drugs.Some Council members also ques-tioned whether rigid enforcementof anti-drug rules would be eitherpractical or in the best interestsof the College community.

The subcommittee's proposedpolicy was seen as an attemptto satisfy both community opinionand campus realities.

ing basic hourly pay scale, in-cluding $5.18 for skilled trades-men such as carpenters, paintersand electricians; $4.60 for theirhelpers; $4.52 for drivers, garden-ers and general grounds main-tenance help; $3.70 tor custodiansand laborers; and $3.40 formatrons.

The union has requested thatmany new benefits be Included inthe new agreement, including afree college education, " leadingto a baccalaureate degree",

The employees hope toreceive 2 days of sick leave and1 1/4 days of vacation leave forevery month worked. The finalbenefit demand requests that "theCollege shall contribute to theLocal 573, Service Employees In-ternational Union, Health and Wel-fare Fund, thirty cents per hourfor every hour worked or paid for,for each employee."

In a TRIPOD interview Wednes-day, College Treasurer James K.Robertson termed the union's de-mands "an interesting document."He continued by explaining thefiscal problems presented by thecontract proposal, " They've askedfor everything here but the kitchensink, but where does it come from?"The College operated at a deficitlast year, and this year will prob-ably be no better. Robertson em-phasized that the College wants"to do all right by them, but theproposal is impossible -- in thelong run the students will pay."Robertson said that the Collegewas preparing a proposal of itsown to be presented at a meetingwith union officials later this month.As of this time, the College hasmade no offer to the labor repre-sentatives;

When the TRIPOD asked Robert-son about the current wages ofthe newly organized employees,he would only comment that theywere "substantially less" than thecurrent contract demands. Oneworker estimated that most of theWhites on the College's custodialforce were making between $2.00and $2.25 per hour presently, whilethe Puerto Rlcans were earningthe current minimum wage of $1.60.

When asked about the-possibilityof a strike, Robertson concludedthat "its up to them. We'll have toclose the school."

Aided by a new shell, christenedthe "Connecticut", the Trinity Var-sity Crew placed second at theRoyal Henley Regatta, in the com-petition lor the Ladies ChallengePlate.

The level of competition at Hen-ley is second only to Olympicracing. The entire crew beganintensive training foil owing the DadVail Regatta at Philadelphia whenthe decision was made to enterthe Henley. Previous to the crew'sthird- place finish at the Vail,ending the regular season, Trinitywas undefeated. Single practicesessions were held daily duringexam week last May, with doublesessions of 20 mile workouts com-mencing following the close ofschool.

All of the Trinity boats gainedconfidence in early summer com-petition in the United States. Theeight man boat won the AmericanHenley, defeating Princeton, theColumbia lightweights, MIT, andthe Harvard third Varsity boats.The varsity was awarded theFranklin Cup for their victory.

Boats were also entered in boththe two andfour-man competitions.The four-man took a fourth, whilethe pair composed of Daniel Druryand James Hubbell (both'71) fin-ished second, in front of anotherTrinity boat manned by Rob Law-rence and David Livingston (both'72).

The four-man crew of DonPugh,Bill Newbury, Bob Benjamin, andJeff Clark, with AlexBelidaas coxwent on to the IRA. They finishedthird in the petite finals, rowingagainst some of the best boats inthe nation. Because of the en-couraging performances, it wasdecided to enter both the four andthe pair in the Henley competi-tion for the Irince Phillip and Sil-ver Goblet cups, respectively.

Later, the MIT crew came downfor two days to train. In a practicerace, Trinity defeated by eightlenghts the same crew it had beatenby only one-half lej£i£ in the racefor the Franklin Cup.

On June 24, the crew departedfor England and the Henley Reg-atta. Unfortunately, the shell andequipment had been shipped theprevious day, and were deplanedat Frankfurt by mistake. Severaldays elapsed before the boatreached the crew. The four bor-rowed a boat from the London Row-ing Club, while the pair shared a

borrowed boat with St. Mark's.

The Bantams first race was withLondon University. In this initialcompetition, Trinity was victor-ious by 2/3 length.

It was soon established that Ner-ius was the boat to beat. In thefinals, the varsity faced Nerius.Rowing a perfect race, Trinity wasnearly able to capture the LadiesChallenge Plate, losing to Neriusby only 2/3 length.

Letter IssuedBy President,Cites Issues

In a letter addressed to studentstoday, President Theodore D. Lock-wood cited six Issues demandingspecial attention and resolutionduring 1969-1970.

Of primary concern were thoseproblems relating to governance,the financial situation, and thequality of life of the College en-vironment.

Lockwood raised the possibilityof another tuition increase. Hesaid, "we must make some harddecisions this year so as to.beable to pursue our objectives withrespect to faculty salaries andthe conditions of employment forall staff." Recognizing the need toset priorities he recommended that

For complete text of thePresident's letter, see page 3,

the College either trim expendi-tures to fit a balanced budget or torestrict those expenditures foundto have the lowest priority. Thegeneral question of ad missions andfinancial aid was also briefly con-sidered.

The President urged a " keenerappreciation of the quality of lifeat Trinity." He said that the re-sults of last year's removing ofrestrictive features in the Col-lege's regulations were not "whollysatisfactory".

Lockwood announced plans todiscuss the problem of governancein Ms address on September 15,

(Continued on Page 3)

TRINITY TRIPOD September 9,1969

itB Irtyofc Of Rebels and Revolution

EDITORIAL SECTION

President LockwoodAnd the Faculty

One of President Lockwood's first jobs this' year is to

reduce the friction that developed between the faculty and

t h e administrat ion during the summer. Several

misunderstandings about the College's hiring and firing policy

have convinced some faculty that certain decision-making

processes need looking into.

Fart of the problem is the structure of the Joint

Committee on Appointments and Promotions. It includes

three elected faculty (but only full professors are eligible),

and three Trustees, who are represented at the meetings by

the administration, Younger faculty and students have no

voice.

The Committee should be reorganized to accommodate

these two groups. The Senate, meanwhile, should consider

the formulation of a faculty evaluation SYSTEM, one that

will not dissolve when its planners graduate. This evaluation

could be used by the committee to replace the very

subjective guidelines it now uses in its evaluations.

fnnttp fripoiiKenneth P. Winkler, editorJohn F. liahrenburg, managing editorRichard B. Klibaner, news editorD.J. Re Her t, arts editorMichael R. Gilboy, sports editorWilliam Whetzel, photography editorMichael J. Zimmerman, copy editorPaul M. Sachner, assistant sports editorRichard B. Thomson, business managerRocco J. Maffei, circulation managerChristopher S. Gray, advertising managercontributing editors: Steven H. Keeney, William H. Reynolds,Alan L. MarchisottoSTAFF: Charles Shouse, William O'Reilly, Peter Devine, VaughnP.S. Keith, Jay Mandt, Sheldon Crosby, Dan Zitin, William C.Foureman, James Petersen, Jay Bernstein, Frederick B. Rose,Marian Fox, Stuart Mason, David Ormiston, Robert Watts, CarlosMartinez, Burt Adelman.

The Trinity Tripod is published Mice each week except duringvacations by the students of Trinity College. Printing facilities areat the West Hartford News, Isham Road, West Hartford,Connecticut.

Student subscriptions are included in activities fee; others$8.50 per year. Second class postage paid at Hartford,Connecticut under the act of March 3, 1879.

Offices are located in the basement of Mather Hall at TrinityCollege. The Tripod telephones are 246-1829 and 527-3953, ext.252.

Students of revolution may besurprised at the prospect oi violentsocial upheaval in societies ashighly integrated and seeminglycohesive as those oi WesternEurope and the United States. Yetthese countries are now the sceneof an intellectual radicalizationcharacterized by insistent de-mands for an end to the power ofthe miliary -industrial sector, re-versal of a patently imperialistUnited States foreign policy, era-dication of deprivation, poverty,and discrimination, and a rejec-tion conformity and depersonallza-tion of industrial society. Thethrust of the movement stemsfrom the large and Increasingstudent populations in these societ-ies, declassed by the universitysystem and imbued with ideas andprograms for radical socialchange. The new radicalism isembodied in a resolution from theSDS National Convention held inChicago in June, 1969: "Be it anangry gesture, a 'riot' or a con-scious change in life style, anever increasing number of peoplewho have no more of a commit-ment to an organized revolutionarymovement than they have to societyitself - begin to spontaneouslyengage In their own defiant pro-paganda . . . The revolution thatushers us into a post-scarcitysociety must be a complete re-volution or it will be no revolu-tion at all. . ."

Stephen Spender has written adeeply human and personal bookon the "young rebels"; it is writ-ten very much like an epic poeminterspersed with critical analy-sis. The poem reads lively andwell; Spender's sensitive chronicl-ing of the events of the Columbiasit-in, the Sorbonne barricades,the Berlin communes, and thefrustrations and courageous re-sponse of the Czechs renders the"young rebels" as human betngs-not as the diabolical enemies ofdemocracy or as the vanguard ofa new order of equality and jus-tice. Despite his fatherly criti-cisms of the rebels and his dis-agreements with his society,Spender's1 book lacks any com-prehensive analysis of thedilemmas of revolution and thestudent movement.

MODELS OF REVOLUTION

Although Spender's concern forthe university, which appears tobe the focal point of student un-rest, bears attention, his de-emphasis of the increasing concernof students with the'world outsidethe walls of the university repre-sents a serious drawback in hisanalysis. Traditionally revolutionhas resulted from the presenceof seemingly insoluble contradic-tions within a society; BarringtonMoore, Jr. has postulated thatprevious patterns of revolutionarychange have been characterized bythree sets of 'mutations': first,what Crane Brinton has labelledthe "desertion of the intellectuals"Moore sees as not only an aband-onment of orthodoxy, but a vigo-rous challenge of new values in asocial system; second, there hasbeen the emergency of sharp con-flicts within prevailing powerstructures; third, and most signi-ficantly, is the loss of unifiedcontrol over the instruments ofviolence. Although vast numbersof Americans are appalled by thewar in Viet-Nam and by the pre-vailing racism in our culture,Moore's pre-conditions and theattendant deprivation of the massesare negligible, if non-existent. Theold-style "enlightenment intelli-gentsia", lionized by the recentSDS convention, are not ascen-dant in this America of ivorytower academicians and techni-cians at the service of govern-ment. The tensions between Cap-itol Hill and the White House maybe labelled as a 'constitutionalcrisis', but the decision-makingprocesses are not undergoing ser-ious alteration, as the resolution

by Michael F. Jimenez

of the ABM debate so painfullyindicates. Further, it is clearthat those who control the instru-ments of violence In this societyare not wont to undergo reductionof power. Finally, the so-called"masses" are subject to no sub-stantial deprivation; rising pro-ductivity leading to increased per-sonal satisfaction and the tightlyorganized conformity of ourculture have led to no significantgap between expectations andrealities.

VIOLENCE

This historical revoluationaryresponse has been to exacerbatethe contradicitions in a fragment-ing social system and level itthrough the application of violence.Although Spender does not fail tonote that violence is essentiallycounterproductive, he does notseem to look beyond its implica-tions in the university. The move-ment of many young radicals fromsocial action to violence is theresult of what Robert Coles hasdescribed as "the weariness ofsocial struggle." A Columbia stu-dent described in terrifying termsthe frustration felt by students:"We felt powerless... our lives...without roots in history, seem

Stephen SpenderTHE YEAR

OF THEYOUNG REBELS

186 page'sVintage, $0.95

diminshed to gesture, withoutpower, todesperation, without pos-sible logic, to fantasy." The cul-tural violence which has raised ageneration of American childrenis now finding its expression inthe anger, hatred, and rage whichis gaining momentum among somany young radicals. Furtherthere is an Increasing intellectualappeal to violence, characterizedby naive quotations from FranzFanon and Maotse-tung ("powergrows out the barrel of a gun")and the adherence to Sartre's in-junction that "irrepressible vio-lence. . . is man recreating him-self."

Hannah Arendt In a brilliantarticle in the New York Reviewof Books, February 27, 1969, de-cried the violence which is be-coming increasingly apparent inthe Movement. "The technical de-velopment of instruments of vio-lence" and the entrenched mani-pulators of those instruments haverendered violent revolutionary ac-tion Impractical - indeed insane.She indicates that there is a dis-tinction between power and vio-lence; that power does not growout of the barrel of a gun. Shepoints out for example that Ghandlhad far more power than the Britisharmy and that Mayor Daly's use ofviolence was a sign of his politicalimportance. Although violence maybe used to a limited degree to pro-voke the enemy to action, as atColumbia, the possibilities for theexpansion of violence into objectdestructiveness are boundless.Further, she derides the recreat-ing principle of Sartre'scollectiveconsciousness as essentially naivebecause it ignores the reality thatpsychologically, violent revolu-tionary action is transitory and in-adequate for the creation of a newman and a new society. Arendt'sarticle is a telling critique ofthe simplicity of a movement whichis using violence to relieve anxiet-ies and which holds that the con-tinued application of violence willresult in the destruction of Ameri-can society.

IMAGINATION IS REVOLUTION

A large number of students, rea-lizing the inadequacy of violence

as a revolutionary force in Westerrsociety are "oecoming what FidelCastro calls "guerillas in the fieldof culture." They are assualtingthe crass materialism, blind loy-alty, and unquestioning conformityof our society. The 'cultural re-volution' has seen the emergence

• of new types of social organization,new personal experiences, and newprocesses of education. The found-ations of the movement are, asKeniston points out, the traditionalAmerican values of quality, tol-erance, and freedom. The vehicleto achieve these goals is whatCohn-Bendit has called "uncontrol-lable spontaneity." The search forD.H. Lawrence's "free soul" hasled many students, most of thembeyond the pale of revolutionaryaction, to seek to break the bar-riers of consciousness throughdrugs, to destroy the sexual in-hibitions of the puritan culture,and to deny the overriding con-formity of our society. Theassumption of the social revol-utionaries is that the decay of theold value system will be accom-panied by new values and a newsocial system with radical lea-dership. Yet these predictions failto understand that America, des-pite its tremendous problems,seems to possess the ability toabsorb new social forms withoutfundamental changes in its politicaland social structure. The easewith which many 'liberated' youngpeople enter the system as wellas the commercialization of muchof the revolutionary mystique isindicative of the underlying poweron the part of American cultureto compromise the revolu-tionaries. With respect to anypossible fragmentation of the po-litical power structure, Moore hasthis to say: "In my judgementthe system has considerable flex-:ibility and room for manuever,including strategic retreat. There1

is even a small chance of peacefulchange within the democratic;framework, or rather of recreat-ing this framework within andthrough a limited amount of dis-:

order which falls short of realrevolutionary upheaval." Thus'spontaneous' revolutionary agita-;tion based on a naive Interpreta-tion of Maoism does not seem toentertain a realistic appraisal ofthe social and political situationsin Western civilization. The in-creasing use of verbal overkill,as well as intolerance, depersonal-ization, and priggishness of theqnovement do not represent effec-tive revolutionary thought oraction. They remind one of George:Orwell's discontent with the in-tellectuals, that, as Lionel Thril-ling put it, "the intellectuals didnot think and did not really love :

the truth." Moore offers an injunc-tion for a radical re-appraisalof their situation when he writes:"Only those with a religious con-viction of the infallibility of theirown beliefs can take seriously no-tions of inevitable catastrophe andInevitable Utopia. To give up suchconsolations is to become reallyserious about a. very deadly and :very serious world."

NEW FORMS

Despite the nihilism and naiveteof the " young rebels" and the in-creasing predilection towardsviolence, we are begining to ob-serve the development of newforms of social action which carrygreat revolutionary potential forour culture. Out of the germinalidea of 'spontaneity, as long asit does not become a rationaliza-tion for social irresponsibility,may come the development of whatRobert J. Lifton calls "ProteanMan" -a style in his words " charac-terized by interminable explor-ation and flux, and by relativelyeasy shifts in identity and be-lief... unlimited extension and per-petual recreation." Although we

Continued on page 3

September 9, 1969 TRINITY TRIPOD Page 3

A Statement From The PresidentThe tasks which we set our-

selves for last year had an airof excitement about them that can-not be claimed for all issues be-fore academic communities. Co-

,, education, curricular revision, andlong-range planning have anengaging quality which budgetaryreview and committee restruct-uring do not. I shall not repeatthe observations which I havealready made in my annual report,printed in the summer issue of theAlumni Bulletin, but I did wish tocomment on the jobs which lieahead in this academic year.

There are the obviously import-ant tasks of implementation. DeansFuller, Salisch, Sleeper, andWinslow are especially anxious towork with the faculty and with youin seeing that we realize the oppor-tunities which the new curriculumprovides, such as interdisciplinarymajors and the open semester. •Personnel changes in the adminis-tration will further test whetherthe administrative reorganizationcarried out last year continues tobe effective. The Faculty Con-ference faces the task of redesign-ing the committee structure of thefaculty, with student representationwhere appropriate,and of reviewingpossible changes in the presenta-tion of material to the faculty for itsdeliberation. Having drafted a newstatement on faculty personnel

•""policies and procedures, we mustnow work out the details and con-sider the implications they hold.That process has already begunwith both the department chairmenand the Faculty Conference, andthe entire faculty discussed theseand related proposals on Sept-ember 5th. Once again, our job isto arrive at the most effective wayof assuring the continuing excel-lence'of our faculty and our acade-mic programs.

Beyond these inevitable assign-ments, what should we give specialattention during 1969-1970? I seesix major tasks; while I am cer-tain that other issues will arise,I hope we can resolve these six

'within the year ahead.First, I have repeatedly spoken

about the problem of governancein colleges and universities. Ishall make additional remarks onSeptember 15, My conclusion is anobvious one: we cannot afford toleave the various aspects of thisissue unsettled. (Faculty are pro-perly concerned about their role;you have questioned whether anyone

"really listens to your opinions;and other members of the com-munity cannot fulfill their assignedduties if the decision-making pro-cess is obscure.)

Second, the fiscal problemsfacing Trinity, as well as everyother private institution, requirethat we devote both energy andcandor to the difficult job of de-ciding how to spend our money andlive within our means. We have toset priorities. No one of us cando that in isolation. This summerwe have refined the projectionswhich we made public last year,and we have updated our historical

i* analysis. We have made optionsbefore us. We can hope for thebest and quiet our fears by pre-

• dicating our needs on the futureavailability of federal or state

„ support. I am not yet ready torecommend such an approach.

>Iii contrast, we can assume the' necessity of a balanced budget

(which we shall not have this year)and trim expenditures accordingly.Or we can rearrange our prior-ities and then curtail those expend-itures with the lowest priority.What has become even clearer thanit was when we made our firstanalysis is the ineluctable fact

'that we must make some harddecisions this year so as to beable to pursue our objectives withrespect to faculty salaries and theconditions of employment for allstaff. Regretably we shall have toconsider a possible tuition in-crease, a matter which we shallexplore thoroughly with the corn-

Third, and related to the fiscalsituation, is the general question ofadmissions and financial aid. We

may state the question as: what kindof student body do we want and maywe expect to attract? We haverecommendations from the long-range planning committee; we havecompiled historical informationthis summer; and we haveareporton financial aid in preparation forreview by the Trustees in October.We must find answers this fallwhich are broadly acceptable, man-ageable within our resources, andappropriate to our educational obli-gations.

Fourth, although we have gen-erally agreed that Trinity Collegeshould remain a predominantlyundergraduate liberal arts collegeof modest size, We have not ans-wered questions relating to inter-institutional cooperation, the futureof our graduate effort, and ourassociation with the colleges anduniversities within the GreaterHartford area and with St. Paul'sCollege in Virginia. We have under-taken certain experiments, and weare watching various developmentsin Connecticut. Should we talk-more directly with others aboutpossible relationships between ouracademic programs and theirs?Should we extend our coordinationof programs to other fields? Howdo these efforts bear upon ourposition within this city? DeanSleeper will have a report laterthis year on the dimensions of ourgraduate programs, at which timewe should reach some conclusionsabout the future of that effort.Similarly, we are reviewing theprospects for summer programs.All of these questions also pertainto the future size of Trinity. Onceagain, although we have comipittedourselves to a larger student bodyfor this year, we have not agreedas to what is the appropriate sizefor this college five years hence.

Fifth, we must settle the housingquestion. I have been grateful foryour patience. Would that there•were an obvious answer, but Iknow of none. Construction costs,our current level of indebtednessfor capital improvements, un-certainty about student pre-ferences, possible community de-velopments, the relevance of resi-dency: all these make the task ofplanning ahead both challengingand frustrating. With the end ofthe fortress college enclave inthis country, we can now rea-sonably ask in what ways thehousing of students , might relateto other neighborhood efforts. Ihave already asked Mr. Steuber asstudent body president to appointa committee of students to meetwith us on this problem so thatwe may begin to work out an ac-ceptable solution. Hidden behindthe housing question, but hardlyout of sight, is the wider issue ofthe quality of life at Trinity. Likeso many of the issues I have men-tioned, this one will not be eli-minated by a policy statement ora new judicial system or an in-

. fusion of money. We just do notknow enough about the various op-tions.

Especially as we proceed withcoeducation •-- and it is most im-portant that we have a good firstyear -- and review housing alter-natives, we must have a keenerappreciation of the quality of lifeat Trinity. The changes we havemade in the regulations remove,I think, those restrictive featureswhich were incompatible with aspirit of self-regulation and amaturity upon which we have pre-dicated the new curriculum. Butthe results have not been whollysatisfactory; too many personsare indifferent to the consequencesof their actions; drugs are tooprominent, one evidence of otherproblems to which we too seldomaddress ourselves; there is anunnecessary disregard for prop-erty; and there is too little concernwith the style of life which might,and ought to, characterize life ona residential campus. Even as werecognize that conditions off-campus critically affect our at-titudes and approaches, I feel wecannot use such problems to ex-cuse our own insensitivity. Myimpressions may not tally with

yours. For that reason we bothneed more material on what ishappening and what we can do toimprove the quality of life. Wehope that the presence of womenundergraduates will bring a steadi-ness to the community, but weshould also be aware that we mayhave to make further changes toassure them that Trinity has theright environment. I hope that youwill join us in this assessment.

We must search for solutionsto these six issues among our-selves, for we cannot run the riskof imitating others or of callingupon " experts." I doubt that thereare experts of these questionsanyway. But, more important, wecan undertake this task ourselvesbecause we have the people, thecapacity, and the will to find theright answers. I look forward toworking with you.

Theodore D. Lockwood

Hartt OrchestraOne of the first results of

t h e , c o m p r e h e n s i v earrangements made betweenTrinity and the University ofHartford in various fields willbe the Inaugural Concert ofthe Hartt Symphony to beconducted here by MosheParanov on Wednesday,October 8.

The conce r t in theGoodwin Theatre is byinvitation only, howevermembers of the student bodyand others in the Trinityfamily may obtain theirtickets at the Austin ArtsCenter, from Mr. BairdHastings, or the MusicSecretary; persons desiringtickets are urged -to apply

before September 15.Dr. Paranov lias chosen a

varied program for thisinaugural concert, includingthe Rachmaninoff SecondPiano Concerto, with YukoNinomiya as soloist. Theorchestra will perform threeother selections: the SpringOverture by Karl Goldmark,R i c h a r d S t r a u s s 'Rosenkavalier Suite, andArnold Franchetti's newPrelude. Arnold Franchetti iswell known at Trinity forhaving composed the musicfor the Dante film ofProfessors Campo and Dando,and his opera, "Notturno inLa" was given its worldpremiere here in 1966.

Of Rebels And Revolution(Continued from Page 2)

should be aware of the potentialdangers of totalitarianism in thisstyle, there are profound impli-cations in Lifton's theory and itsdevelopment among young rad-icals. The growth of Protean manwithin a limited but necessarilyresilient framework seems to benecessary, if in the words of P.Kohout "the next thousand yearsare not to become an era of sup-ercivilized monkeys." Unfortun-ately while Spender glories thelibertarianism of the Czech stud-ents, he neglects to analyze theexperiments in participatory de-mocracy engaged in during thecrisis. The goal should be asthe Czechs and critics of oursociety like Tom Hayden and Han-nah Arendt have declared: partici-patory democracy-the reduction ofthe decision-making process tothe lowest common denominatorpossible. Whether it bethehuman-ization of socialism or capitalism,the essential factor of real re-volution in Western society is thereturn of autonomy of thought andaction to individuals in a com-munity which they can understandand control. Thus, such move-ments as school reform and cotti-munity development are not meretinkerings within the system-theymay represent highly revolut-ionary activities which indicate aheretofore undeveloped conscious-ness of change in human society.

THE REVOLUTIONARYUNIVERSITY

Spender is sympathetic with thesearch for new forms of humanexperience and interaction, but heis anguished by the prospect thathis romantic "young rebels" maytruly become revolutionaries. Heshares with students a disgust withZ. Brezezinski's "technotronicsociety" and the monstruous im-plications of such a future. How-ever, Spender seems to be obses-sed with the possibility that stud-ent radicalism will destroy theuniversity through its provocationof reactionary response as well asthe negation of intellectual valueswhich much of the current radi-calism implies. His fears arewell grounded, as the Columbia"happenings" clearly indicated.Perhaps the students were forcedto reveal the duplicity of the ad-ministration by their violence, yettheir rejection of 'liberal' facultymediation and abuse of these menis terrifying. The pervasivenessof what the Cox Commission call-ed "symbolic politics" was the In-carnation of Max Weber's defin-ition of the ethic of ultimate ends:"The responsibility for the con-sequences does not fall upon me,but upon the others...whose stupid-ity and baseness I shall eradicate."

For all his empathy with rad-ical activity, Spender does not,seem to be able to transcend an

almost pastoral vision of a uni-versity. He admits the possibilitythat students may gain "access toevidence about the way societieswork" and may even engage inprivate radical activities, but hefeels that their involvementsshould in no way incriminate theinstitution. Furhter he writes that" lack of communication is felt asa lack of freedom." This statementand others like it smack too muchof administrative evasiveness;clearly the idea of Protean manand participatory democracy arenot compatible with Spender'svision of the university. A reveal-ing dialogue took place betweenSpender and a German student inBerlin:

SPENDER: Do you reallymean that you want to parti-cipate or to control the uni-versity?STUDENT: We want no deci-sions to be taken either againstthe wishes of the students oragainst those of the profes-

. sors. We want participation,not dictatorship, in decidingour lectures, seminars, andresearch projects.

Spender is correct in condemningthe chaos of the Latin Americanuniversity systems, yet theproblem there is not the primacyor politics, but the unintelligentand purposeless dealings of stud-ents in the political realm. Thereare indications that the currentlack of sophistication on the partof the students and the prefer-ence to ignore the inevitability ofpolitics on the part of faculty andadministrators may lead to similardisruptive effects in American ed-ucational institutions.

Although Mr. Spender believesthat a university should remainaloof to survive, it is more prob-ably true that universities will bedestroyed by the inadequacy oftheir response to the social andpolitical problems facing Westernsocities. The possibility of the in-flux of an increasing number ofgraduates back into the universitycommunity may lead within a fewgenerations to a ghettoization ofthe educational institution. Thepoverty of the soul and the body,as well as the mind in our society-

LetterContinued from page 1

Additional problems mentionedwere the questions of interinsti-tutional cooperation and housing.Also briefly noted were certain"inevitable assignments" of im-plementation among those men-tioned were: considering the im-plications of the new statementon faculty personnel politics andprocedures, redesigning the com-mittee structure of the faculty,and realizing the opportunitiesprovided by the new curriculum.

cannot be ignored by academiccommunities. The must possessthe will initiate radical socialchange and utilize resources ef-fectively to improve the humancondition. The necessary steps:the redevelopment of areas arounduniversities, the support of thosewho are seeking justice and equal-ity in this society, the rejectionof governmental policies which aredetrimental to the welfare of ourculture and indeed, toallmankind-a continuing critique of the worldoutside the walls of the academy.This view does not ignore the fin-ancial dilemmas faced by educat-ional institutions, indeed it servesnotice of a vital area of re-ed-ucation in our social system. Theintegrity of scholarship must re-main unscathed, yet the temperand policies of the university mustbe dynamic and involved. It seemsthat the only group which has beenabla to establish its own identitywithin a university and find a log-ic;)..', extension of that fact out-side of the university have beenthe black students. Their sense ofcohesiveness as well as theirseemingly flexible understandingof the politics of the situation atColumbia should serve as a modelfor the revolutionary activity ofthe university.

GOVERANCEIf the aim of the university is

to humanize our way of life byeducating individuals as well asby becoming involved in society,then it, too, must set its house inorder. Spender's concern with the.threat to academic freedom isjustified, however it is largelymeaningless in a system whereacademic freedom protects the un-interested and the cynical. A greatdeal of campus radicalism is in-spired by social repression, intel-lectual failures, and political in-equality. University reform, de-spite Spender's hedging againstsubstantial change in the structureof college governance, should notpreclude the application of someform of participatory democracy.It is not sufficient to be con-vinced that an adminstrator is "lib-eral" or even "radical" - mod-ernization from above. in a uni-versity is bankrupt because it doesnot involve people - faculty andstudents - in the decisions whichaffect their lives. The result canonly be a sulleness which deniesthe possibility of a community.

Spender's humanity and prag-matism could perhaps transcendthe limitations of his perceptionsof the young radicals, indeed itis just those traits which areurgently needed in the movementfor meaningful social change. Wemust not relinquish control of ourlives to fantasy, desperation,' orgesture; but we must take signifi-cant action to relieve the anguishof the body and soul of Westerncivilization.

Inside MagazineVol. Ill No. I September 9, 1969

The BleakDespair

Of Trinityhy Ward Just

Trinity College is Connecticut's oldest after Yale, founded in 1832by a collection of Episcopal clergy and laymen led by a redoubtablebishop, Thomas Church Brownell. There has always been a religiouscast to the school, and until the early 1960s there was a requirementthat an undergraduate attend church at least once a week on pain ofsuspension. It was a college heavy with rules and regulations: no liquor,no women, no cars until sophomore year, limited class cuts andeccentric course requirements—two semesters.of calculus, for example,and two of science. In the 1950s, Trinity students regarded this as anabsurd structure—the single saving grace being that whatever its faults,Trinity was more permissive then prep schools or high schools, let aloneone's own home.

It was a place to escape to, literally an asylum, and its structure wasnot susceptible to reform. Even those most closely affected did notprotest, even to each other, because to protest would indicateinvolvement; and involved was not something you were in the 1950s.There were rules in college as there were rules in life, and if you brokethem you accepted the consequences. It was called maturity. Thereshould be no mystery why J.D. Salinger, with his romantic fatalism andoriental sense of internal harmony, was the most popular novelistamong undergraduates then. The idea was to make your own rules, andignore society's rules. That was what passed for rugged individualism.Because all of it was so personal, it was easy to slip the fact that largenumbers of people in America, largely for reasons of birth, were unableto make their own rules and make them stick. That was their problem,buddy-boy.

WASPS, rich and poor

IT WAS AND IS an agreeable campus, its buildings situated on arock outcropping on the southend of Hartford, which is--as anyone atTrinity will tell you-" two hours from New York and two hours fromBoston." It was not a place of its own, but a place defined by itsrelation to someplace else. Similarly the college, once described as "theUniversity of Virginia of the North." It was the quintessential school ofwhat the glossy magazines would call the silent generation. Theatmosphere was merry, boozy and frivolous, with occasional stabs at asort of Byronic eccentricity.

Looking back on it, it seems to me that the student body wasdivided mainly between rich WASPs from Shaker Heights or GrosscPointe and poor WASPs from New Haven and Hartford. The richWASPs came down from Exeter and St. Paul's pleasurebent andembarrassed because they were at Trin rather than at Yale, where tiieirfathers had gone and where their friends were. The poor WASPs,grateful they were anywhere, worked and usually did not participate inwhat college life there was. Apart from all groups and castes was thesole Negro in the college—a heavy-set and sweet-tempered young man,whom one could see on the long walk 'Neath The Elms (as the song hadit), alone with his books and his past, a singular man. He had a lewfriends, not many, and did not, 1 think, finish the four years.

After graduation, the one group went into Dad's business or took atrip abroad or joined a New York advertising agency. The other, forwhom security was not taken for granted, entered executive trainingprograms at Aetna Life Insurance Company or U.S. Steel. Only about30 per cent went on to graduate school, the vast majority of those intolaw, medicine and business. In the last year at Trinity, what everyonelooked forward to most was getting out, letting go.

GentlemenTHE FACULTY used to joke about the attitudes of the students,

but in the slack atmosphere of the place there was not much to be doneto change it. The faculty itself was indictable on the same charges, andsubject to many of the same contradictions. It had more than its shareof independently wealthy (the phrase seemed perfectly reasonablethen-why does it grate on the ear now?) gentlemen academics, whostrolled about the campus in their tweed suits and arcane bits ofknowledge, scarcely acknowledging the presence of students, generallyadmired (as one admires a perfectly preserved Dcuscnbcrg) but seldomemulated, respected for aloofness and "cool" but not for learning.Apart from the gentlemen, there were the authentic scholars like thelate Professor James A. Notopolous, who thought the campusatmosphere was a scandal and in his lectures frequently derided it with

This article appeared originally on the editorial pages of TheWashington Post. Ward Just, a Post staff writer who is a member ofTrinity's class of 1953, made his observations during a visit to theCollege last May. The Tripod thanks the Post for permission to reprintthe piece.

2 Inside

"In the 1950s, theAtmosphere was merry,

boozy and frivolous.?!

Cartoon is reprinted from The Trinity Tripod of October 19,1955.

Sorry, sir, your son is out at the moment

comparisons to the Greak ideal. Notopolous, in a phrase of the day, was"smart as hell."

In 1954, the president of the college, G. Keith Funston, left tobecome president of the New York Stock Exchange (the irony was loston the student body). His replacement was Albert C. Jacobs, a friend ofDwight Eisenhower, a law scholar and an administrator who was hiredamong other reasons to preside over a monster fund-raising campaign.Jacob's views on education were admirably set forth at the collegeconvocation in 1956, when he defined a liberal education. "It seeks toinculcate an interest in the arts and sciences for their own sake," Jacobstold the assembled students, faculty and guests, "the finding of valuesin life other than material, the development of individuality and selfrespect."

The Jacobs Slumber" . . . an interest in the arts and sciences for their own sake." A

plausible line, reasonable by any standard, and it meant as a practicalmatter very little interest for any reason at all. Under the Jacobsregime, the slumber was profound. On October 31, 1956, there was amock presidential election: about three-quarters of the students andfaculty voted, and they went 77.9 per cent for Eisenhower. A readingof the college newspaper of the period discloses editorial positionstaken on parking tickets, smoking, rush week at the fraternities. Thecollege resembled a staid American corporation, all grey flannel andbuttoned up, casual, with the values and ethics of your local countryclub. Individuality was perfectly all right, as long as it resembledeveryone else's. No one spoke of relevance, since the world was as itwas and hence everything, one way or another was relevant. Collegewas a safe haven, there were a few intollerable demands made on aman's time. The rules were there to make it a bit more difficult, tomake the outside world even more attractive than it already was. Thepoint was to get out and have done with it, since it was clear thatcollege was an anteroom. "The finding of values in life other thanmaterial' was not what was wanted in the year 1957.Dude ranch revolution

So with these recollections in mind, it came as something of a shockwhen I read last year that Trinity students had seized theAdministration building, and there was a substantial body of themdemanding "reforms." Of course it was done in a characteristicallyTrinity way-when the rebels vacated the building, they took great careto clean up the mess they left behind. George Cooper the scholar ofEnglish history, cracked that the SDS were "dude ranchrevolutionaries." But it was a mark of activism, and therefore concern,and that came as a total surprise. When I returned to the campus for thefirst time in 12 years last month, there were a few moresurprises-among them the recognition that nostalgia isn't the answer towhat we face now.

Under pressure from rebellious students, Trinity College has nowabandoned most of its rules and what it must find now is something toreplace them. It is not that the inmates have taken over the asylum; it isthat no one has. Astute college officials see the next confrontation asone between students and faculty, which will be an assault on what themodern student regards as the last bastion of privilege. There will bethat, and there will be an attempt to curb, if not eliminate, theauthority of the college trustees, who at Trinity have uncommonpower. The logic is stated thus: "What right do they have to meet threetimes a year to define the life style of students?"

One senses the struggle on all points of the compass. Henry Beers,the former president of Aetna Life, is resigning from the board oftrustees because he says at 67 he does not understand what ishappening now and is too old and set to try; he has his own life style.President Theodore Lockwood, regarding the changes he has made,admits that his problem is not managerial but philosophical—and he isnot sure of the philosophy; English Professor John Dando, burdenedwith extracurricular work, ruminates that students now "know so muchof the world" but do not seem engaged with books; Sophomore DavidGreen, contemplating the apocalypse, says: "I am 19 years old and Ihave seen two men shot on television. I saw Jack Ruby and I saw RFKand I saw King collapsed on a balcony. This is a generation which grewup in the shadow of a bomb shelter. It is a generation of so manyhorrors."

The apocalypse. One listens carefully: Is this put-on? Self-pity?Self-indulgence? Or is it reality, the accurate perception of events asthey are now? As the Harvard biologist George Wald pointed out, it is aquestion of futures; many students today believe there are none. It does

Inside 3

no good to plumb one's own academic experience, and exerciseinevitably ending in empty nostalgia. It all becomes a hip version ofSantayana. Those who remember the past, baby, are condemned tobelieve it.The College as parent" BY ALL ODDS the most popular course at Trinity is George

Higgins's class in abnormal psychology. Two hundred and sixtystudents jam the lecture hall to hear Higgins three times a week. At 31,he is also the college counselor, widely admired by both faculty andstudents. Higgins thinks that the problem today is that the studentconfronts a society which refuses to let him grow up. For a young manto enter the professions, his education lasts until he is 26 (law) or 30(medicine). Eighty per cent of Trinity's senior class last year went on tograduate shcool of one sort or another (versus about 30 per cent in themid-fifties). Students of the humanities leave college versed inanthropology or English history and find that technological Americahas very little use for them. College becomes a parent which is bothloved and hated, the instrument which grotesquely prolongsadolescence. Higgins says that many students believe their happiestyears to be behind the (in contrast to earlier College generations whobelieved the best was yet to come.) "We exist in terms of images," saidone of the Trinity militants. And the implications for education arcprofound. "In the 1950s" Higgins declared, "a professor said, 'Don'tjust read the book. Think about it.' Now he says the exact reverse."'Radicals'

PRESIDENT LOCKWOOD estimates that there are about 40"radicals" at Trinity who can bring with them, on any given issue, some12 per cent of the student body. Not enough on paper to make arevolution, but that in fact is.what has happened. When the talk turnsto what will be demanded next year, there are almost as many answersas there are militants. With virtually all the specifics out of the way,students appear likely to concentrate on certain extraneous matters.SDS President Stephen Keeney says that next year his group will seek"self-preservation against the right-wing backlash." In the next breath,he speaks of agitating for specific college sanction of drugs—"a safedrug scene."

But to concentrate on the activists to the exclusion of the others isto be neither accurate nor fair. Though they are probably in themajority as a.definable sub-culture, the well-heeled and tweedy kidswho went to Trinity because they could not get into Yale seem relics ofthe past-and therefore not as interesting. At Psi Upsilon fraternity lastyear, there was a lad named Caleb Fellows Fox XXIV. The fraternity isas lily-white and gentile as it always was the same stale beer flowingfrom the same tap, identical slouched figures in the overstuffed leatherchairs watching Perry Mason on the box. To stumble into the Psi Uhouse on Version Street is to stumble into a civilization—if that is theword-one had thought extinct. Extended the old frat handshake,thumbs became entangled and one wondered what the hell was goingon . . .

Lat at night, over drinks at the history professor's apartmentlistening to the students talk, there was a sense only of the deep .malaiseof the young: Students' Complaint. It happens to affect the collegesbecause that is the environment. It does not have very much to do,really, with ROTC or parietals or the "re-structuring" of the institutionor any of the other talismans. It has to do with the conditions oflife inAmerica in the 1960s. The militant students are striking out againstthose conditions in the only manner available to them. And there willbe no end of grievances. The students, up to here with conventionaldecent liberal doctrine, have adopted their own. It comes from GunterGrass, the German novelist. "The citizen's first duty is unrest," Grasssaid.

In April of 1968, 160 students of Trinity College seized theadministration building and held it for four hours; it was the first suchseizure on an American campus, but overshadowed by the events atColumbia, which followed two days later. It was the more notable atTrinity because the 27 trustees of the College were meeting in thebuilding at the time, and the students refused to let them leave. At issuewas increased scholarship aid for black students.

The presidency of the College was held then by Albert C. Jacobs, aclose-mouthed, secretive official, then 68 and ailing, who had had thejob since 1954. Jacobs fought the conservative trustees, who wanted tosummarily fire ail 160 rebels. By the opening term of the 1968-69school year all was quiet. Jacobs was succeeded by TheodoreLockwood, 42, the former dean of faculty at Union College, who

"The sit-in was a markof activism, andTherefore concern, andthat came as a totalsurprise. nr>

4 Inside

"This place is sodesperately second-

rate, ' one of thebrightest students said."

brought with him a very young and energetic assistant, Robert Fuller.What Lockwpod and Fuller found was a demoralized faculty and anapathetic student body, an underweight financial structure, and ageneral crisis of confidence in the future of the school. Reluctantlybacked by the trustees, Lockwood instituted a dazzling variety ofchanges meant to transform the genteel campus known as the"University of Virginia of the North." Among other things, Trinity isnow a copege without formal structure.

Changes •NEXT YEAR, there will be no academic requirements of any kind; a

student will be free to choose his course of study—or, as the catalogueputs it, be "ultimately responsible for the determination of hisacademic program." An exchange program with Vassar this year hasopened the college to women, with the practical result of ahabandonment of parietals'; next year, the college goes fully co-ed.Though rules regarding liquor exist, they are unenforced. The "drugscene," as they say, flourishes-though it is probably no greater than atany other Connecticut college. In one of his first acts as president,Lockwood established the Trinity College Council, a body composed offour students, four faculty, and four administrators,! to advise him onmatters affecting the community. Last month, as if to prove its radicalbona fides, the TCC voted to abolish ROTC on the campus. Moreimportant, the principle for which the students agitated last year hasbeen acknowledged: there are five blacks in next year's senior class,eight in the junior class, ten in the sophomore class—and 26,nearly 10percent of the total freshman enrollment, entering next year.

The 30 or so black' students attending the college now are, by allaccounts, sullen and unhappy. They are not entirely united, and this yearhave pressed few demands on the college. They lead separate lives, witha black social club along Fraternity Row on Vernon Street and anexclusive existence in Hartford itself. Next year, with the addition of26 more blacks, there is certain to be something approximating anexplosion. Trinity, despite its SDS nucleus, is still too white, too middleclass, too complacent, too traditional in its teaching style to readilyaccommodate the black experience. What will happen, according toradical students and faculty, is that the blacks will coalesce anddemonstrate for keeps. Once committing itself to blacks, the Collegecan do no less than attempt to seriously relate to them. But it will notbe able to affprd to meet their demands.Time Bomb

THAT LAST is Said literally. Trinity College has an endowment of$13 million, and faculty salaries are among the lowest of the top-rankedprivate colleges in the country; they are low enough so that the Collegeis obliged to dip into the increased- tuition revenues next year toincrease them. A full professor makes $18,000, and associate professorsare at $14,000 or $12,000. By contrast, Amherst has a $56 millionendowment (plus another $26 million for its library alone), andTrinity's ancient rival, Wesleyan, has more than $100 million, "It won'tmake any difference what the blacks demonstrate for, whether it isjustified or not," one of the most liberal faculty members said the otherday. "They won't get it, for the simple reason that if it costs money theCollege can't afford it." j

A mordant comment, that. Introspective faculty and students agreethat the College has deliberately seta time bomb in its midst with thecommitment to the blacks. Nearly everyone here who thinks about it atall hails the decent instincts which brought the college to its decision,but so depressed are some at its likely outcome that already it ispredicted that Trinity in the not-too-distant future must either (1)affiliate with the University of Connecticut or (2) frankly make itscommitment to the rich, and hike tuition costs accordingly. Costs.increase at 7 per cent a year; much of the plant is run down; facultysalaries must be increased; student accommodations on campus aregrossly overcrowded.

A kind of bleak despair has settled over some of the brightestfaculty, for they see no exit. Many of the brightest students await whatone of them calls "the apocalypse" with something almost approachingglee—"this place is so desperately second rate," one of them said.Rushing pel-mell into an uncertain, future, President Lockwood hasinstituted some reforms before the students even asked for them. Rulesare abolished, with nothing erected to take their place. Questionedabout it, both Lockwood and Fuller declare that the student today isdifferent from the student of ten or twenty years ago. "These studentsare ready to assume responsibility," Fuller said.

Page 4 TRINITY TRIPOD September 9,1969 ' |

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Copyright National Periodical Publications 1969

Why does Superman disguisehimself as a mild-manneredreporter for a great metro-politan newspaper? Simple.The Man of Steel knowshe's got to be where theaction is. And working downat the Daily Planet9 He'sthe first to know about bankrobberies, bridge collapses,and gangland killings.

Chances are you're not suitedfor Superman's special brandof community involvement.But why not follow the CapedKryptonian's example, andjoin your community's news-paper? The Trinity Tripodhas positions for all sortsof newspaperpeople, mild-mannered and otherwise.If you're interested, drop bythe Tripod offices betweenseven and nine tonight.

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