crfg growing rare fruit from seed

8/13/2019 CRFG Growing Rare Fruit From Seed

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Growing Rare Fruit From SeedJohn M. Riley

The information here was extracted with minor revisions from an article by John M. Riley that

appeared in the 1981 CRF !earboo" #vol. 1$% 1981% pp.1&'().The f*ll article containsimportant additional information on mechanisms of seed +ermination% propa+ation techni,*es%

propa+ation media% container mixes and seed stora+e. -ee thebac" iss*e informationfor price

and orderin+ information.

Seed Treatment Methods

Hot Water

This treatment consists of soa"in+ the seed in hot water for a period of time. ne proced*re

is to po*r boilin+ water over the seed% *sin+ abo*t fo*r vol*mes of water to one vol*me ofseed. The intent is a thermal shoc" which rapidly diminished to room temperat*re. /s*ally

this is followed by moist cold stora+e. Most patho+ens are destroyed at abo*t 102 F #(12 C).

The treatment is a little tric"y for home *se% since most seed are "illed at 1(82 F #812 C).

Sulfuric Acid Treatment

The acid attac"s cell*lose and is often recommended as a dramatic treatment for seed coat

modification. For the home +ardener% handlin+ s*lf*ric acid may present some ha3ard.

Hydrogen Peroxide

This is commonly available in a $4 sol*tion. 5t may be *sed in f*ll stren+th for abo*t 6min*te to disinfect seed and alter the seed coat. The peroxide may then be dil*ted in half with

water and the seed soa"ed for *p to 6' ho*rs.

Sodium/alcium Hy!ochlorite

This material is commonly available as ordinary la*ndry bleach. 5t effectively sterili3es and

disinfects when *sed in a 14 sol*tion. This can be prepared by added 17' c*p bleach to 6

c*ps of water. -oa" the seed for 6 min*tes to sterili3e and rinse thoro*+hly afterwards.

Alcohol and "ther Sol#ents

Many volatile solvents% incl*din+ +rain alcohol have been mentioned as havin+ an effect onseed +ermination. *ite possibly this res*lts from softenin+ waxy compo*nds in the seed

coat which are not water sol*ble.

Gi$$erellin

ibberellic acid promotes +ermination in many seeds. 5t also helps overcome the tendency

for some seedlin+ to become dwarfed and to +row slowly after the harsh treatment *sed toinitiate +ermination. -eed may be soa"ed with concentration of 1 to 1% ppm for 6'

ho*rs.

yto%inins

at*ral +rowth hormones stim*late the +ermination of many "inds of seed by actin+ at the

molec*lar level on biolo+ical processes. Many synthetic cyto"inins are available from tiss*e

c*lt*re s*pply ho*ses% b*t since they m*st be "ept at a low temperat*re to prevent
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decomposition% they are not available in +arden s*pply centers. -oa"in+ for three min*tes in

"inetin at concentration of 1 ppm has been recommended.

&thylene

This +as occ*rs nat*rally in plants and has a n*mber of biolo+ical effects% incl*din+ the

stim*lation of seed +ermination. ne of the chemicals available to +ardener to +enerateethylene is ethephon. -ince +ibberellins% cyto"inins and ethylene are three dominant

components in initiatin+ +ermination% it is nat*ral that they wor" best when applied to+ether.

Potassium 'itrate

Many freshly harvested dormant seeds +erminate better if soa"ed in a .64 potassi*m nitrate

sol*tion. -eeds sho*ld be soa"ed for no more than 6' ho*rs and then rinsed well.

Thiourea

This has been *sed to stim*late +ermination of some dormant seeds% partic*larly those that

do not +erminate in dar"ness or at hi+h temperat*res. : water sol*tion of .; to '4 isrecommended. -ince thio*rea is somewhat inhibitory to +rowth% the seeds sho*ld be soa"ed

no lon+er than 6' ho*rs and then rinsed well.(itamins

The most common vitamin s*pplement for plants is vitamin

WTM))WARM TR"P*A+ M"*ST

-eed sho*ld be maintained above (2 F #612 C) and not allowed to dry o*t before plantin+.

T*))TR"P*A+ *'T&RM&,*AT&

-eed sho*ld be dried to abo*t (4 of harvest wei+ht and stored a temperat*re of abo*t '2 F#'2 C).

T,))T&MP&RAT& ,R-

-eed sho*ld be dried to below ;4 of harvest wei+ht and stored at room temperat*re or

preferably '2 F #'2 C).

M))""+ M"*ST
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3/17

-tore seed with s*fficient moist*re to prevent dryin+ o*t at abo*t '2 F #'2 C).

?ormancy


4/17

life

1mos23ty!e

cy

$rea

%er

4F

143

:ctinidia

chinensis 16D T?-C7C

1'&61

1 #&

16)

ar+*ta 16D T?-C7C

1'&61

&6; #&

$6)

"olomi"ta 16D T?-C7C

1'&61

&' #&

')

:e+le

marmelo 16D T5 -G7M-

1'&61 68 #&6)

:"ebia

,*inata 6'D T? MC 1'&616; #&

')

trifoliata 6'D T? MC 1'&616; #&

')

:melanchier

ainifoli 8 T?-C7

MC1'&61

&; #&

';)

canadensis 8 T?-C7

MC1'&61

&$#&

$;)

dentic*lat*m 8 T?-C7

MC1'&61

&1#&

6$)

:nacardi*m

occidental 1TM

-G 1'&61$ #&

1)

:nnona

cherimola 6'D T? -G 1'&6160 #&

$)


5/17

p*rp*rea 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

retic*lata 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

s,*amosa 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

:ntidesma

b*ni*s 16D T5 -G 1'&6160 #&

$)

dallachyan*m 16D T5 -G 1'&6160 #&

$)

platyphyll*m 16D T5 -G 1'&61 68 #&6)

:rb*t*s

*nedo 16&6' T? MC $1; #&

1)

:rtocarp*s

comm*nis 1T

M

M

-(&61 $; #$)

inte+rifolia 1T

M

M

-(&61

$ #&

1)

hypar+yrae*s 1T

M

M

-(&61

$ #&

1)

:simina

triloba 16D CM-C7MC

$&9&6; #&$6)

:verrhoa

bilimbi 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

carambola 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)


6/17

cymosa 6'D T? MC 1'&61 #&

16)

scandens 6'D T? MC 1'&61 #&

16)


7/17

;)

tetrameria 0 T5 R7-G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Castanea

dentata 8 CM MC 68&1 #&

6$)

p*mila 8 CM MC 68&1 #&

6$)

Ceratonia

sili,*a 0 T? -C 6&$6 #&

8)

Cere*s

per*vian*s $0 T? li+ht $&1'60 #&

$)

Chrysophyll*m

cainito 0TM

M-

1'&6168 #&

6)

Citr*s

a*rantifolia 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

a*ranti*m 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

limon 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

maxima 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

mitis 16 T5 -G 1'&616 #&

8)

paradisi 16 T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

retic*lata 16 T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')


8/17

sinensis 16 T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

Cla*sena

lansi*m 16 T5 -G 1'&61 6; #&')

Coccolaba

*vifera 16 T?M

-1'&61

$ #&

1)

Coffea

arabica 0 CMM

-1'&61

68 #&6)

liberica 0 CMM

-1'&61

68 #&6)

Corn*s

amon*m 6'D T? C 1'&61 #&

18)

mas 6'D T? C 1'&61 #&

18)

Coryl*s

americana 16D CM C 1&$&1; #&60)

avellana 16D CM C 1&$&1; #&

60)

Cratea+*s

aestivalis 6'D T?-C7MC

$&'&1; #&60)

p*bescens 6'D T?-C7MC

$&'&1; #&60)

C*drania

tric*spidata $0 T?-C7-

T1'&61

&6 #&

69)


9/17

Cydonia

oblon+a 8 CM MC 1'&61&1; #&

60)

Cyphomandra

betacea 6' T? -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

?iospyros

di+yna 0T

M

-G7M

-

1'&6168 #&

6)

discolor 0

T

M

-G7

M- 1'&61

68 #&

6)

"a"i 16D T5-C7

MC1'&61

#&

18)

vir+iniana 6'&$0 T?-C7

MC1'&61

&1 #&

6$)

?ovyalis

abyssinica 6'D T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

caffra 6'D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

hebecarpa 6'D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Hlaea+n*s

m*ltiflora 6'D T5-G7

MC1'&61

&1 #&

6$)

philippensis 16D T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

p*n+aens 6'D T5-G7MC

1'&61 #&18)

Hriobotrya


10/17

Aaponica 8 days CM MC 1'&6116 #&

11)

H*+enia

a++re+ata 0 T5 -G 1'&61 6 #&8)

brasilliensis 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

l*schnathiana 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

*niflora 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

H*phoria

lon+an 1T

M

M

-10&$

6' #&

')

FeiAoa

sellowiana 6'D T5 MC 1'&611' #&

1)

Feronia

limonia 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Fic*s

carica 6'D T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

Flaco*rtia

ramonchi 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Fort*nella

Aaponica 16 T5 -G 1'&611 #&

16)

mar+arita 16 T5 -G 1'&611 #&

16)


11/17

arcinia

man+ostana 1&6T

M

-G7

M

-

1'&61 ' #')

xanthochym*s 6&'T

M

-G7

M

-

1'&6168 #&

6)

a*ltheria

shallon 16 T? MC $ #&

18)

ayl*ssacia

frondosa 6'D T? C 1&$ #&18)

resinosa 6'D T? C 1&$ #&

18)

ev*ina

avellana 0 CMM

-1'&61

1 #&16)

Barpyphyll*m

caffr*m 6'D T5 R 1'&6160 #&

$)

Bibisc*s

sabariffa $0 T? -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Bovenia

d*lcis 6'D T?-C7

MC

1'&$&1 #&

6$)

5n+a

paterno 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

=itchi


12/17

chinensis 1T

M

M

-10&$

68 #&

6)

Macadamia

inte+rifolia 6' T5 -G 1'&$ 6' #&')

tetraphylla 6' T -G 1'&$6' #&

')

Malphi+ia

+labra 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Mammea

americana 6&'TM

-G7M

-

1'&6168 #&

6)

Man+ifer*m

indica 6T

MR7-G 1'&61

68 #&

6)

Manil"ara

3apota 6' T? -G 1;&$68 #&

6)

Melicocc*s

biA*+at*s $ T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Mor*s

alba 6'D T5-C7-

T1'&61

&6 #&69)

ni+ra 6'D T5-C7-

T1'&61

#&18)

r*bra 6'D T5-C7-

T1'&61

&1 #&1$)

M*ntin+ia


13/17

calib*ra 16D T5

-G7

M-

1'&6168 #&

6)

M*sa

balbisiana 16 T5

-G7

M

-

1'&6168 #&

6)

Myrciaria

ca*liflora 0 T5 -G 1'&616' #&

')

Myrt*s

comm*nis 6'D T? MC 1'&61 6; #&')

@assiflora

alata $&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

ed*lis $&0 T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

la*rifolia $&0 T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

li+*laris $&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

molissima $&0 T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

,*adran+*laris $&0 T5 -G 1'&61 $6 #)

@ersea

americana ' TM M- 1'&61

@istachia

vera 6&$ T5 R7-G 1'&611 #&

16)

@ometia


14/17

pinnata 0T

M

M

-1'&61

68 #&

6)

@oncir*s

trifoliata 16&6' T5 -G 1'&61 #&18)

@o*teria

campechiana 0T

M

M

-1'&61

$ #&

1)

sapota 0T

M

M

-1'&61

$ #&

1)

viride 0T

M

M

-

1'&61$ #&

1)

@r*n*s

salicifolia 6' T5 -G 1'&616 #&

()

@sidi*m

cattleian*m 16D T5 -G 1'&616; #&

')

+*aAava 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

@*nica

+ranat*m $0 T5 MC 1'&$16 #&

11)

Rhodomyrt*s

tomentosa 16 T5 -G 1'&6160 #&

$)

Ribes

hirtell*m '8D T? MC $ &$ #&$;

ni+r*m '8D T? MC $&$ #&

$;)

r*br*m '8D T? MC $ &$ #&


15/17

$;)

sativ*m '8D T? MC $&$ #&

$;)

*va&crispa '8D T? MC $ &$ #&$;)

Rollinia

deliciosa && T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

-amb*c*s

caer*lea 6'D T5-C7MC

$&6 #&68)

canadensis 6'D T5-C7MC

$&6 #&68)

racemosa 6'D T5-C7MC

$&6 #&68)

-andoric*m

"oetAape $0 T? -G 1'&6160 #&

$)

-hepherdia

ar+entea '6D T?-C7MC

$&0&6 #&68)

-immondsia

chinensis 16D T? -G ;&( #(8I1(0 F%

60I1(0 C)

1; #&

1)

-olan*m

,*itoense 6' T? -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

topir* 6' T? -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

-orb*s

a*c*paria 6' T? MC 1&$ &6 #&


16/17

68)

domestica 6' T? MC 1&$&1 #&

6$)

terminalis 6' T? MC 1&$ &1 #&6$)

-ynsepal*m

d*lcific*m 1T

M

M

-(&61

$ #&

1)

-y3y+i*m

aromatic*m 6&0 T5 -G 1'&61 $6 #)

c*mini 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Aamabos 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

malaccense 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

panic*lat*m 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Tamarind*s

indica 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&

6)

Theobroma

cacao 1T

M-G

(&1' #8I1(0 F%

6(I1(0 C)

$ #&

1)

/+ni

molinae 6'D T5 -G 1'&611 #&

16)

accini*m

an+*stifoli*m 16 T5 MC $&6 #&

68)

ashei 16 T5 MC $ &1 #&


17/17

6$)

corymbos*m 16 T5 MC $&6 #&

68)

itis

labr*sca 6'D CM MC 6&$&6 #&

68)

rot*ndifolia 6'D CM MC 6&$&; #&

61)

vinifera 6'D CM MC 6&$&; #&

61)

Ki3iph*s

A*A*ba 16&6' T? R7-G 1'&61&6 #&68)

ma*ritiana 16&6' T? R7-G 1'&616 #&

()

L Copyri+ht 1981%199(% California Rare Fr*it rowers% 5nc.*estions or comments Contact *s.
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