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CRIME E CIDADES Claudio Beato Lemann Visiting Scholar David Rockfeller Center for Latin American Studies Harvard University

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Page 1: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

CRIME E CIDADESClaudio BeatoLemann Visiting Scholar

David Rockfeller Center for Latin American Studies

Harvard University

Page 2: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Homicides - Brazil 1979-2007

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Year

Ho

mcid

es N

1979 = 11.162

2007 = 45.964

In 28 years = 930. 137

homicides

Page 3: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAZILIAN HOMICIDES?

Firearms

Page 4: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

MORE YOUNG PEOPLE DYING

Page 5: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

WHAT ABOUT RACE?

Page 6: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

FEAR AND VICTIMIZATION

Page 7: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

II - WHAT IS HAPPENING?

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of the increase

Page 8: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

WHERE?

This increase is in some parts of the country

Page 9: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

CRESCIME

NTO POR

TAMANHO

DE

CIDADE

(SMR)

Municípios até 10 mil habitantes

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

até 10 mil hab. - obs até 10 mil hab. - esp

Municípios de 10 mil a 50 mil habitantes

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

de 10 mil a 50 mil hab. - obs de 10 mil a 50 mil hab. - esp

Municípios de 50 mil a 100 mil habitantes

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

de 50 mil a 100 mil hab. - obs de 50 mil a 100 mil hab. - esp

Municípios de 100 mil a 250 mil habitantes

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

de 100 mil a 250 mil hab. - obs de 100 mil a 250 mil hab. - esp

Municípios de 250 mil a 500 mil habitantes

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

de 250 mil a 500 mil hab. - obs de 250 mil a 500 mil hab. - esp

Municípios com mais de 500 mil habitantes

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

acima de 500 mil hab. - obs acima de 500 mil hab. - esp

2 Constrangimentos estruturais e institucionais

Page 10: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

INCREASE RATES – 1979 2006

Page 11: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Modelo Unstandardized CoefficientsStandardized

Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

(Constant) 9.343 2.292 4.076 .000

Indice de estrutura domiciliar (renda baixa,

água encanada, carro, energia

elétrica, tv, coleta lixo)

1.972 .203 .157 9.729 .000

(log_cadol) diferença percentual

adolescentes com filhos-.938 .306 -.044 -3.069 .002

(c_idhren) diferença percentual idh renda -.090 .024 -.055 -3.796 .000

(c_mort1) diferença percentual taxa

mortalidade até 1 ano.023 .013 .027 1.861 .063

Variável para agregar os municípios

segundo os tamanhos populacionais

em 20053.995 .230 .270 17.344 .000

(Logdist) Distância da capital -7.329 .542 -.202 -13.514 .000

Índice de Gini, 2000 34.500 3.590 .157 9.609 .000

Page 12: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

III - WHAT IS HAPPENINGS IN URBAN

CENTERS?

Page 13: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

ZIP LAW OF VIOLENT CRIMES IN

BELO HORIZONTE

Page 15: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

10

/12

/200

9

15

Kernel Density by hour in downtown

HORA

2220181614121086420

As

sa

ltos

Tra

nse

un

tes

no C

en

tro

da

Cid

ad

e

30

20

10

0

6 AM

12 PM

6 PM

10 PM

Page 16: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Hotspots Images

Page 17: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

SPATIAL SEGREGATION IN

BRAZILIAN CITIES

Vitória“Atlas da Violência na Região Metropolitana da Grande

Vitória”, CRISP – Centro de Estudos em Criminalidade e

Segurança Pública da UFMG

São Paulo“Territory, Inequalities and Violence”, Frederico Roman

Ramos and Antônio Miguel Vieira Monteiro

Belo Horizonte

Page 18: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Quilômetros

6

7 km7 km7 km7 km7 km7 km7 km7 km7 km

0 3

2,33 km

2,33 km

2,33 km

2,33 km

2,33 km

2,33 km

2,33 km

2,33 km

2,33 km

4,07 km4,07 km4,07 km4,07 km4,07 km4,07 km4,07 km4,07 km4,07 km

11,3 km

11,3 km

11,3 km11,3 km

11,3 km11,3 km

11,3 km

11,3 km

11,3 km

4,55 km4,55 km4,55 km4,55 km4,55 km4,55 km4,55 km4,55 km4,55 km

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

3,3

8 k

m

1,62 km1,62 km1,62 km1,62 km1,62 km1,62 km1,62 km1,62 km1,62 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

3,77 km

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Ocean

o A

tlân

tico

Page 19: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

42

Quilômetros

0

MORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITO

VILA RUBIMVILA RUBIMVILA RUBIMVILA RUBIMVILA RUBIMVILA RUBIMVILA RUBIMVILA RUBIMVILA RUBIM

SANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRESANTO ANDRE

Spatial concentrationf of homicides – 2005 / 06

Entre 1 e 3 horas

Entre 4 e 6 horas

Entre 7 e 9 horas

Entre 10 e 12 horas

Entre 13 e 15 horas

Entre 16 e 18 horas

Entre 19 e 21 horas

Entre 22 e 24 horas

Domingo

Segunda-feira

Terça-feira

Quarta-feira

Quinta-feira

Sexta-feira

Sábado

Distribuição Percentual dos Homicídios por Dias da Semana X Hora do Dia

Vitória - Janeiro de 2005 a Dezembro de 2006

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4

Entre 1 e 3 horas

Entre 4 e 6 horas

Entre 7 e 9 horas

Entre 10 e 12 horas

Entre 13 e 15 horas

Entre 16 e 18 horas

Entre 19 e 21 horas

Entre 22 e 24 horas

Domingo

Segunda-feira

Terça-feira

Quarta-feira

Quinta-feira

Sexta-feira

Sábado

Distribuição Percentual dos Homicídios por Dias da Semana X Hora do Dia

Vitória - Janeiro de 2005 a Dezembro de 2006

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4

Page 20: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social - Vitória

0 1 2

Quilômetros

JARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURIJARDIM CAMBURI

JARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHAJARDIM DA PENHA

PRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUAPRAIA DO SUA

MORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITOMORRO DE SAO BENEDITO

MORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAOMORRO DO ROMAO

BELA VISTABELA VISTABELA VISTABELA VISTABELA VISTABELA VISTABELA VISTABELA VISTABELA VISTA

INHANGUETAINHANGUETAINHANGUETAINHANGUETAINHANGUETAINHANGUETAINHANGUETAINHANGUETAINHANGUETA

REDENCAOREDENCAOREDENCAOREDENCAOREDENCAOREDENCAOREDENCAOREDENCAOREDENCAO

NOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINANOVA PALESTINA

Índice de Vulnerabilidade SocialCRISP / IBGE 2000

Nenhuma vulnerabilidade (315)

Vulnerabilidade muito baixa (224)

Baixa Vulnerabilidade (331)

Vulnerabilidade média (79)

Vulnerabilidade alta (205)

Vulnerabilidade muito alta (110)

Page 21: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

SÃO PAULO

What are the socio and economic factors that

explain spatial differences?

Page 22: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

SÃO PAULO RMSP by Segregation Indicators – DissimilarityINPE – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Espaciais

Educational

Level

Income Level

53,20%

32,13%

9,74%5,11% 18%

13%

13%

19%

20%

6%

11%

below

primary

up to

primary

education

graduated

up to

higher

secondary

Up to 1 m.w.

1 to 2 m.w.

2 to 3 m.w.

3 to 5 m.w.

5 to 10 m.w.

10 to 15 m.w.

more 15 m.w.

Ramos et al., Spatial Segregation in Latin American Cities, 2009, unpublished, for submission

Page 23: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

DISSIMILARITY – TRANSPORTATION INFRA-STRUTUCTURE

Income Level

Legend

scens00cem_project

D_EDU_10

0,00 - 0,05

0,06 - 0,15

0,16 - 0,20

0,21 - 0,35

0,36 - 0,40

0,41 - 0,81

Local

Dissimilarity

Index

Legend

sistema ferroviario

corredores_onibus

metro

<all other values>

NAME

Leste-Oeste

Luz-Vila Sonia

Norte-Sul

Paulista

Legend

sistema ferroviario

corredores_onibus

metro

<all other values>

NAME

Leste-Oeste

Luz-Vila Sonia

Norte-Sul

Paulista

Transport

Infra-structure

Rail

BRT

Metro

Metro (construction)

Page 24: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

DISSIMILARITY – PUBLIC PARKS

Legend

scens00cem_project

D_EDU_10

0,00 - 0,05

0,06 - 0,15

0,16 - 0,20

0,21 - 0,35

0,36 - 0,40

0,41 - 0,81

Local

Dissimilarity

Index

Public Parks

Income Level

Page 25: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Homicide rates SP 1979 2007

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

year

Page 26: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Contextualization – Homicides Distribution

Low

DensityHigh

Density

Even with a clear decrease of homicide rates in the RMSP, the spatial

concentration pattern persists

Source: Nery, M.B. Homicidios Dolosos: Indicador de um fenômeno complexo, 2007

2000 2005

Page 27: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Datasets

Socio-economic Index:

A Proxy for Poverty

up1mw_p

62.557.5

52.547.5

42.537.5

32.527.5

22.517.5

12.57.5

2.5

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Std. Dev = 14.55

Mean = 30.6

N = 725.00

Percentage of the Head

of Household earning up

to 1 minimum wage

(CENSUS, 2000)

Ramos and Monteiro - 18th ECCA - Brasília – 07/2009

Page 28: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

GWR

0( , ) ( , )i i i k i i ik iky u v u v x

1

2

0 .. 0

0 .. 0( )

.. .. .. ..

0 0 0

i

i

in

w

wi

w

W

The GWR technique uses an

extended traditional regression

framework by allowing local rather

than global parameters to be

estimated.

Where (ui,vi) are the coordinates of the ith

point in space

Through a spatial Kernel Function a weight matrix W is estimated. This matrix allows the

estimation of the beta parameters in each location.

The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance

can inform us about the magnitude, direction and significance of the association in

each local of the space.

Page 29: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Results – GWR

Coefficient of Determination

0.44

With the analysis of the spatial

distribution of the beta

parameters it is possible to

observe that the magnitude and

the direction of the association

between the homicide rate and

the poverty indicator variable are

different when we move around

in the city.

Page 30: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

PARAISÓPOLIS / MORUMBIMORUMBI / PARAISÓPOLIS

Page 31: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

As favelas mais violentas foram

definidas em função da

concentração de homicídios

registrados pela Polícia Civil.

Assim, temos 6 conglomerados

urbanos com elevadas taxas de

mortes por homicídio na cidade de

Belo Horizonte.

Page 32: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Existence of

homicide

clusters

N

Average

Standard

deviation

Sig.

Residential finishing No

Yes

Total

75

6

81

6,59

0,77

6,17

3,96

0,84

4,11

,001

Years of schooling No

Yes

Total

75

6

81

8,51

5,53

8,29

2,57

0,61

2,60

,006

Age No

Yes

Total

75

6

81

28,96

24,92

28,66

3,71

1,41

3,74

,010

Formal/informal occupation rate

No Yes

Total

75 6

81

3,39 2,32

3,31

1,10 ,36

1,10

,021

Childhood mortality No

Yes

Total

75

6

81

,28

,40

,29

,13

6,000E-02

,13

,035

Illiteracy rate No

Yes

Total

75

6

81

11,80

23,04

12,63

6,83

6,06

7,36

,000

Urban infrastructure index No

Yes

Total

75

6

81

-,24

-1,10

-,30

,66

,72

,70

,003

Social protection offer rate No

Yes

Total

75

6

81

,23

,91

,28

,49

,84

,54

,003

Page 33: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

HOMICIDES IN A FAVELA

Page 34: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

POLICE IN FAVELAS - RIO DE JANEIRO

Page 35: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Jornada do Crime

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0,00

54,2

4

108,

48

162,

72

216,

96

271,

20

325,

43

379,

67

433,

91

488,

15

542,

39

596,

63

650,

87

705,

11

759,

35

813,

59

867,

82

922,

06

976,

30

1030

,54

1084

,78

1139

,02

1193

,26

1247

,50

1301

,74

1355

,98

1410

,22

1464

,45

1518

,69

Distância em metros

Po

rcen

tag

em

do

s C

aso

s

Journey to crime

Violence implosion

Fonte: Polícia Civil de Minas Gerais / CRISP

TAQUARIL

Page 36: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Gang related Homicides em 2007Belo Horizonte – Serra favela

Focos de intervenção

Page 37: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Patrãomembro 2

membro1

membro 4

membro3

Gerente

Gerente

Gerente

Patrãomembro 2

membro1

membro 4

membro3

Gerente

Gerente

Gerente

Patrãomembro 2

membro1

membro 4

membro3

Gerente

Gerente

Gerente

Distribuidor 1ArmasDrogas

Distribuidor 2 Armas Drogas

In a slum with 23.000 people

•80 youths involved with gangs

and drug dealing

• This means less than 0,5% of

local population and 2% of youth

aged betwen 15 and 24 years old

Page 38: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

YOUTHS AND CRIME

Gangs and the structure of criminal activities

Page 39: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

Structuration of criminal activities

I-Gangues territoriais e grupos expressivos

- violência espontânea

- ausência poder público

- violência policial

- Conflitos grupos

II-Non organized gropus in process of structuration

•Community leaders and violent offenders

•Massive use of firearms

•Many conflicts anddeaths

•The role of prisional system

•Police corruption

III-Organizando-se em bases políticas

Focalized violence

Territorial domination

Market of services and protection

Business oriented

Crucial

turning points

Societal logicCondicionantes sociais propiciam o surgimento de quadrilhas e gangues de base territorial (lógica societária)

IV-Crime

organizad

o

globalizad

o

Lógica econômicaProcesso seletivo, mercado eorganizações difusas

Page 40: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS

The impact of Criminal Justice Organizations

Page 41: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

What can be done?

1. Fica Vivo

2. IGESP

Page 42: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

What can be done?

Page 43: CRIME E CIDADES - Wilson Center · The analysis of the spatial distribution of the beta parameter and its statistical significance ... 23,04 12,63 6,83 6,06 7,36 ,000 Urban infrastructure

PREVENTION PROGRAMS

Pulling leversFocusing high

prolific offendersRestoring order

Collective efficiency and crime control

Empowerment process

Reduction of crime rates

“Weed and Seed”

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Fica Vivo Program

Identifying locations (CRISP)

Training police officers in problem solving techniques (CRISP)

Special units in these locations

Implementation

Local nucleons of reference

Identifying and incapacitating high prolific offenders

Social development

Monitoring and evaluations

Process performance evaluations

Result evaluations

Cost benefit analysis

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Fica Vivo (Stay Alive) Program

Structure

Management Group

Strategic

InterventionSocial Protection

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Fica Vivo (Stay Alive) Program

Structure

GEPAR

Community police

Units

Prisons

Civil police

Monitoring

gangs

Judges

Federal police

Military Police

Prosecutors

Strategic

Intervention

group

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Arquitetura Atual

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Arquitetura Atual

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Fica Vivo (Stay Alive) Program

Structure

Open schools

Youth

protection

program

Job

Opportunities

Sports and

cultural

activities

Workshops

Local Leaders

NGOs

Local

Nucleus

of Social

Protection

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Fica Vivo’s activities

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Results

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COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Programs

Present value of

the cost of the

program per

beneficiary

Present value of the number

of serious crimes prevented

per beneficiary

Reais per

serious crime

prevented

Serious crimes

prevented per

million Reais

APAC 18417,990,00 0,87 21.109,75 47,37

Patrulha de

Prevenção Ativa 6.916,42

Liberdade Assistida 1.323,68 0,91 1.459,94 684,96

UERÊ 8.184,84 0,45 18.290,73 54,67

Paz nas Escolas 192,23 0,16 1.174,45 851,46

Fica Vivo 1.065,70 1,65 645,69 1.548,73

Bolsa Família 2.594,88 0,23 11.256,15 88,84

PROERD 35,43 0,02 1.682,33 594,42

CEAPA 145,40 - - -

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IGESP

Integration and management in Social; Security

Descentralization

Information sharing

Activities to solve problems

Community interactions

Main problems

Quality of police work

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Priorities areas

Personal crimesPriorities areas

Property crimes

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CRIMES VIOLENTOS BELO HORIZONTE

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