Crime Prevention Crime Prevention Through Through

Environmental DesignEnvironmental DesignPresented by The Arapahoe County Presented by The Arapahoe County

Sheriff’s OfficeSheriff’s Office

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Crime Prevention Through Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: The proper Environmental Design: The proper design and effective use of the design and effective use of the built environment that can lead to built environment that can lead to a reduction in the fear and a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and an incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life.improvement in the quality of life.

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An old concept which has been An old concept which has been experiencing a rebirth of interest experiencing a rebirth of interest in recent years. It acknowledges in recent years. It acknowledges what many law enforcement have what many law enforcement have already known—that the manner already known—that the manner in which physical space is in which physical space is designed or used has a direct designed or used has a direct bearing on crime. bearing on crime.

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Concepts in their basic form are Concepts in their basic form are oriented primarily around oriented primarily around approaches we can take to make approaches we can take to make our environment more secureour environment more secure

There is a direct link between There is a direct link between good management, profit and good management, profit and crime prevention. They crime prevention. They contribute to one another.contribute to one another.

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Many law suits are being decided not Many law suits are being decided not upon whether or not a security or upon whether or not a security or alarm was present, but rather upon the alarm was present, but rather upon the design of the building and design of the building and management decisions.management decisions.

With CPTED measures, questions are With CPTED measures, questions are raised about the foresee ability of raised about the foresee ability of problems, the financial reasonableness problems, the financial reasonableness and adequacy of design.and adequacy of design.

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The court’s understanding of security is The court’s understanding of security is expanding beyond organized or expanding beyond organized or mechanical methods to include natural mechanical methods to include natural approaches that are inherent to approaches that are inherent to managing human and physical managing human and physical resources.resources.

Parks, public buildings, schools, shopping Parks, public buildings, schools, shopping centers, small businesses, industrial centers, small businesses, industrial plants and hospitals are fair game when plants and hospitals are fair game when it comes to lawsuits.it comes to lawsuits.

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Oscar Newman developed three Oscar Newman developed three concepts for the integration of the concepts for the integration of the physical design of buildings and physical design of buildings and the occurrence of crime. the occurrence of crime.

TerritorialityTerritoriality Natural SurveillanceNatural Surveillance Defensible SpaceDefensible Space

TERRITORIALTYTERRITORIALTY

Territoriality: People being protective of their space Territoriality: People being protective of their space and property within that space.and property within that space.

The house and property that a family lives in or on, The house and property that a family lives in or on, large or small, is identified by our culture as that large or small, is identified by our culture as that family’s “territory”.family’s “territory”.

Shrubs and fences provide a symbolic buffer Shrubs and fences provide a symbolic buffer between one person’s territory and that of another between one person’s territory and that of another (natural access control).(natural access control).

As our population has grown, the idea of territory As our population has grown, the idea of territory has been replaced by the development of row has been replaced by the development of row houses, apartment buildings and various high rise houses, apartment buildings and various high rise structures.structures.

TERRITORIALTYTERRITORIALTY

Architects, designers and Architects, designers and planners have given little planners have given little attention to crime control or the attention to crime control or the need for an individual or family need for an individual or family group to identify its home site group to identify its home site territory and the effect that the territory and the effect that the concept of “territory” has upon concept of “territory” has upon crime.crime.

Site DesignSite Design

Site Design: If the grounds Site Design: If the grounds around the building can be around the building can be directly identified with a directly identified with a particular building and if the particular building and if the residents of that building take a residents of that building take a personal interest in the use and personal interest in the use and upkeep of that area, they will play upkeep of that area, they will play a part in protecting it.a part in protecting it.

Compositional Versus Compositional Versus Organic DesignOrganic Design

Compositional Design: Based upon each Compositional Design: Based upon each building or unit in a complex standing building or unit in a complex standing alone as a complete, separate and formal alone as a complete, separate and formal entity apart from the land or grounds upon entity apart from the land or grounds upon which it is built.which it is built.

Organic Design: The building helps to Organic Design: The building helps to define the use of grounds by way of access define the use of grounds by way of access paths, play equipment and seating areas. paths, play equipment and seating areas. This has proven to the most effective in This has proven to the most effective in involving citizens in crime prevention.involving citizens in crime prevention.

STREET DESIGNSTREET DESIGN

By the placement, enclosure or By the placement, enclosure or re-routing of streets and traffic, re-routing of streets and traffic, the nature of a particular area the nature of a particular area can be changed and the crime can be changed and the crime rate reduced.rate reduced.

Real and Symbolic Real and Symbolic Barriers Barriers Real Barrier: Something that physically Real Barrier: Something that physically

stops someone from reaching an stops someone from reaching an objective such as a wall or fence.objective such as a wall or fence.

Symbolic Barrier: Something that Symbolic Barrier: Something that provides a psychological deterrent to provides a psychological deterrent to reaching an objective such as lighting, reaching an objective such as lighting, or changing the texture of a sidewalk or changing the texture of a sidewalk between public and private property.between public and private property.

Real and Symbolic Real and Symbolic BarriersBarriers Both real and symbolic barriers Both real and symbolic barriers

serve to inform an individual that serve to inform an individual that he or she is passing from a public he or she is passing from a public to a private space.to a private space.

Real barriers are a more secure Real barriers are a more secure method of handling intruders.method of handling intruders.

Natural SurveillanceNatural Surveillance

Newman believed that having the ability Newman believed that having the ability to see or observe outside activity, in to see or observe outside activity, in some cases, spurs people to report some cases, spurs people to report crime.crime.

By providing opportunities for By providing opportunities for surveillance through the positioning of surveillance through the positioning of windows in relationship to stairs, windows in relationship to stairs, corridors, and the outside, continual and corridors, and the outside, continual and natural observation will be maintained natural observation will be maintained and crime will be deterred.and crime will be deterred.

Natural SurveillanceNatural Surveillance

Includes lighting and positioning of the Includes lighting and positioning of the areas and access paths surrounding and areas and access paths surrounding and leading to buildings.leading to buildings.

This facilitates surveillance by citizens This facilitates surveillance by citizens and law enforcement.and law enforcement.

Another method of surveillance is to Another method of surveillance is to design facilities so that people within design facilities so that people within them will naturally be able to view them will naturally be able to view commonly used paths during normal commonly used paths during normal household activities.household activities.

NATURAL NATURAL SURVEILLANCESURVEILLANCE This aids in the ability of people to watch This aids in the ability of people to watch

the comings and goings of all visitors to a the comings and goings of all visitors to a building.building.

For example, kitchens when properly For example, kitchens when properly designed add to natural surveillance designed add to natural surveillance characteristics of homes.characteristics of homes.

This is because the kitchen tends to be an This is because the kitchen tends to be an area where significant amounts of time area where significant amounts of time are spent and residents are usually are spent and residents are usually standing up so they can see through standing up so they can see through windows.windows.

Defensible SpaceDefensible Space

Defensible Space: Defined as a Defensible Space: Defined as a living residential environment living residential environment that can be used by inhabitants that can be used by inhabitants for the enhancement of the for the enhancement of the quality of their lives.quality of their lives.

Provides security for family, Provides security for family, friends and neighbors.friends and neighbors.