crime, state, society in late colonial philippines, 1900-1935. part ii
TRANSCRIPT
8/8/2019 Crime, State, Society in Late Colonial Philippines, 1900-1935. Part II
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REPORT # 1 (cont.1.2)
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHYOVER CONTEMPORARY PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY SOURCES
CRIME, STATE & SOCIETY IN LATE COLONIALPHILIPPINES UNDER US OCCUPATION, 1900-1935
1. PRIMARY SOURCES
1.2. Census of the Philippine Islands (CPI), 1903/1918 & CPIBulletins, 1903
Year/vol Content Relevance1903 CPI/Vol 1 Geography, History,
& Population
Introduction -Authority for and scope of census
-plan and organisation-appointment and instruction of
census supervisors and enumerators-enumeration of Christian and non-
Christian tribes
-results of census-results of geography and history of
the Philippines
-some significant facts concerning population, agriculture, education,
mortality, social statistics andmanufactures
-possible future effects of census
Geography -Physical formation (situation and
characteristics of archipelago,
harbors, area, mountains and rivers,fauna and flora, forests, mineralresources)
-Climate (influences affectingclimatological conditions,
temperature, water vapor,movement of atmosphere
-Volcanoes and seismic centers(situation and nature of archipelago,
active and dormant volcanoes,historical geology, earthquakes,
observation of seismic disturbances,volcanoes and earthquakes in
Mindanao and Visayas, in
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southeastern, central, and northern
Luzon, relative frequency of earthquakes
-Elevations (alphabetical list of principal elevations of PI)
-Islands of of Philippine archipelago
(summary of islands of PI -total area of PI, islands with are >100 sq miles
History
De Tavera Pardo T H
I. Discovery and Progress
-Settlement and early history
-Immigration of Chinese-Later History
-Slavery
-Local government-the power of monastic orders
-Commerce and revenues-Shipping
-Insular Trade-Revenues
-Government-Emancipation from Spain
II.The Judiciary
-Early government-Oppression
-Courts of First Instance (CFI)-Justices of the Peace or Municipal
Courts-Special Courts
Population
Barrows, David P
I.History of the Population
-Christian or civilised tribes
-non-Christian tribes-Chinese and other foreign elementdin Filipino races
II.Characteristics of Civilised or Christian tribes
-Extracts of early narratives and
reports-Comments on recent translations of
clergymen-Opinions of some of the American
Goverors and supervisors-Governor Taft’s decription of
Filipino traits and customs
III.Characteristics of non-Christiantribes
-Negritos-Igorots
-Ilongots-Mangyans
-Tagbanuas-Suabanons
-Bilans-Bagobos and Mandayas
-Moros
-comparative population statistics
1991,1735, 1800, 1845, 1903
-nominal table over non-Christiantribes
-Igorot population data
Appendices I.An Act (467) to provide for taking
a census of the Philippine Islands;
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An Act (486) to amend census act
-other amendements to census act
II. Organisation of PhilippineCensus (corresponding names of
employees: director, asst directors,
secretaries, chief clerks, disbursingofficers, american clerks in office of
director, special agents, native
clerks. Messengers and laborers,officers of supervisors’ districts
1903 CPI/Vol 2 Population
Analysis of returns:-Form of schedule
-Method of tabulation-Former censuses and estimates
-Comparison with population of other countries
-Density-Center of Population
-Distribution of Population-Classification of Population by
birthplace, color, sex, and conjugalcondition
-Literacy-School attendance
-Occupations
-sample of schedules + diagram of
keyboard punch card-summary of statistics (total, by ex,
birthplace, color, tribes, age,conjugal condition, literacy,
occupation-comparative summary table
ofprovincial population (civilised &wild)
-population censuses (total pop)1591-1903
-comparative population stat. (Javavs PI); comparative data on pop and
% annual increase in 19 countries-population densities in provinces
(pop/sq mile)-comparative pop density of various
countries
-population of foreign born (Mla & provinces)
-q municipalities with persons of
foreign birth-proportion of population by color
in provinces-civilised/wild population & % of
total-proportion of males/females to total
christian population, proportion of each sex among the brown people,
comparative figures from other countries, provinces with excess of
males and females respectively-comparative age distribution (PI,
US, Cuba, Porto Rico), proportionof children under 10 yrs of age by
province, proportion school ageditto, proportion males of voting
age, persons over 65
-conjugal statistics (single, proportion of male/femal among
single, among white and yellow
peoples, porportion of single to total-proportion of married to total +
comparative intl figures-literacy statistics & comparative
figures, by sex
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-occupational statistics (%
male/female gainfully employed inPI, US, Porto Rico & Cuba = NB
30% highest rate of womenemployed in PI!!; rate of employed
to total by age group, proportionof
wage and nonwage earners to total pop, comparative data for 5
occupational groups: agriculture,
professional, domestic/service,trade/transport, manufacturing in
US, PI & Cuba; proportion of male/female in 5 groups; by age
group; diasaggregated data onvarious wage occupations, p 115; by
race-62 general tables (provincial data
for main categories designated)
1903 CPI/Vol 3 Mortality, Defective Classes,
Education, Families andDwellings
Mortality -Form of schedule-Summary of statistics
-Discussion of earlier records-Deaths in 1902
-Classification of deaths-General tables
-summary of statistics (total deaths
by sex, nativity, color, conjugalcondition, age group, principal
causes of death, principaloccupations, month of death, 1902-
03)-death rate and related variables,
Mla-degrees of reliability of earlier
records 1876-1898 + provincial
breakdowns for corresponding yearsDefective Classes -Summary
-Insane
-Blind-Deaf
-Deaf and Dumb-General Tables
-summary data defective classesdistribution by sex and defective
conditions; proportion defectiveclass to total
-provincial statistics
Education I.Education under Spanish rule (delRosario Tomas)
-establishment of public instruction-secondary instruction
-superior instruction-recapitulation
II.Under the Americans
-School system prior to Americanoccupation
-schools under military adminis-tration
-school system under PhilippineCommission
-purposes of the work undertaken inPhilippines
-interesting particulars of theeducational system
III.Schools
-Schedule
-primary schools in PI 1866, 1892-enrollments and graduations 1885-
86
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-Summary of statistics
-classification of schools-school buildings
-teachers, pupils-filipino students to US
-sources of revenue
-expenditures
-summary statistics: q schools
primary. Secondary, superior (public, private, religious), school
buildings (nipa, durable, owned,rented)
Families & Dwellings -Families
-Dwellings
-Tenure-General tables
-Summary statistics
1903 CPI/Vol 4 Agriculture, Social and Industrial
Statistics
Agriculture I.Products of Archipelago
-Importance and extent-Mla Hemp or Abaca
-Sugar -Tobacco
-Coconut-Rice
-Indigo-Dyewoods
-Cacao-Miscellaneous products
-Domestic Animals-Fruits, vegetables and fiber plants
II.Returns of the Census
-the schedule-collection and tabulationof data
-agricultural lands
-number and size of farms-farm area-color of farmer and tenure
-comparison of cultivated areas, byyears
-products-domestic animals
-general tables
-Value of principal agricultural and
other exports from PI 1854-1902 %of total value
-corresponding tables
(see i.a. area and average size of
farms and other parcels of land used
for agriculture, classified by tenure, province and commandancias
Social Statistics I.Schedule
II.Newspapers and periodicals
-early censorship of the press-newspapers in 1902
-tables
III.Proprty values and taxes-general statement
-relative values and taxes, by provinces and comandancias
IV.Public Libraries
-advisability of establishing puliclibraries
-number of libraries
V.Hospitals-Reasons for inadequate facilities
-4 principal hospitals
-Q newspapers and periodicals by place of publication and language
-value of property and amount of taxes paid 1902, by province
-public civil hospitals, q patientstreated and most common diseases,
by province and municipality 1902
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-Number of hospitals and patients
VI.Churches
-Relative importance od Catholicand Protestant churches
-Number, value and capacity of
churches
VII.Pauperism
VIII.Criminals and Prisons-Number and nativity of convicts
-most common crimes-penitentiaries
-Bilibid prison
IX. Labor and Wages
-Causes of scarcity of laborers-the Filipinos as laborer
-Wage tables
X.Systems of measurement-metric system
-lsit of weights and measures
-q paupers by province or
commandancia
-convicts and prisoners, by province, general nativity
-q prisoners commited and released1902
-class of crimes-prisoners’ length of sentence,
educational condition, sex, age, raceand conjugal condition, occupations
-daily and monthly wages paid in
certain occupations
Manufactures I.Development and Progress-aptitude of people
-reasons for lack of enterprise
-conditions in 1810-principal articles manufactured
Fisheries-importance of industry, pearl
fisheries, moro fishing
Currency and banking
-monetary standard
-ratio between American andMexican currency
-Number of banks-Spanish Filipino banks
-banking statistics
-q and values of pina, jusi and
sinamay exported; hats
-provinces ranked according to:total value of products (%capital,
employees, cost of materials, valueof products), average value of
production per establishment-industries in the order of
importance (q establishments,capital, total q employees, total
monthly average wage, cost of materials purchased, value of
product)-relative importance of provinces in
PI according to number of differentindustries in each province
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InsuranceI.Fire and marine
-list of companies and kind of property each insures
-rates
-general tables
Commerce and Transportation
I.Commerce-early restrictions
-customs duties-tables showing growth of
commerce-foreign and interisland shipping
facilitiesII.Transportation
-conditions of roads-means of transportation
-steam railroads-Benguet electric railway
-street railwaysIII.Telegraphic lines
IV.Express companies
1903/CPI Bulletin 1 Population of the Philippines
-Introductory note (Sanger) -total population calssified ascivilised and wild, by provinces and
commandancias-total population, classified as
civilised and wild, by islands-civilised population of provinces
and commandancias, by
municipalities-civilised population of provinces
and commandancias, by
municipalities and barrios
1903/CPI Bulletin 2Algue, Jose Rev.
The Climate of the Philippines
-Introductory note See CPI 1903/Vol 1, Geography
1903/CPI Bulletin 3Masó Saderra M Rev S.J.
Volcanoes and Seismic Centers
-Introductory note Ibid.
1918Ignacio, Villamor Director, Census
Report of the Director of the
Census to Governor General of PI
-census personnel, organisation,execution, problems
-divisions:
a.administrative
b.division of forms and archivesc.property division
d.accounting divisione.compilation division
f.computation divisiong.statistical division
h.translating and proof-readingdivision
-tabulation on changes in census personnel (due to resignation,
incapacity, sickness, deaths,
absence)
-data on correspondence andappointments
-q employees in Central Office anddistribution
-distribution of employees by province
-distribution of employees inadministrative division by age
-financial condition of census
1918 CPI/Bulletin 1
Villamor, IgnacioDirector, Census
Organisation of the Census of
1918
-Census districts 1-5 -names and ranks
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--provincial advisory census board
--municipal advisory census boards--special agents
--enumeration districts andenumerators
1918 CPI/Vol 1
selected extracts
Geography, History and
Climatology
Introduction
-Authority for and scope of census
-proclamation of governor general-plan for taking of census
-assembly of census inspectors in
Mla-instructions to enumerators and
difficulties in enumeration of non-Christian Filipinos
-organisation of census office byhigh gov officials
-permanency of census office-scientific contributions to census
-altas of Philippines withgeographical sketches and historical
accounts-weather and climate of Phil.
-results of census regarding population, agriculture, education,
mortality, social statistics,manufactures, and household
industries-indications of prosperity and social
progress
-usefulness and necessity of censusdata for constructive measures
Geographical sketches of provinces(selected extracts)
-Albay (geography, historicalaccount)
-Bataan (ibid)-Batangas (ibid)
-Bohol (ibid)-Bulacan (ibid)
-Cagayan (ibid)-Cavite (ibid)
-City of Manila (ibid)-Iloilo (ibid)
-Isabela (ibid)-Laguna (ibid)
-Nueva Ecija (ibid)-Negros Occidental (ibid)
-Negros Oriental (ibid)
-Pampanga (ibid)-Rizal (ibid)
-Samar (ibid)
-Tayabas (ibid)
Preface to list of geographic names
-summary vital statistics
-ibid-ibid
-ibid-ibid
-ibid-ibid
-ibid-ibid
-ibid-ibid
-ibid-ibid
-ibid
-ibid-ibid
-ibid
-ibid
1918 CPI/Vol 2 Population and Mortality
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PopulationVillamor, IgnacioDirector, Census
I.Schedules 1 and 8
II.Census 1918 and former censusesIII.Density of population
IV.RaceV.Sex
VI.Civil Status
VII.InstructionIX.Literacy
X.Age
XII.OccupationsXII.Defective Classes
XIII.Families and Dwellings
The non-Christian peoplesI.Pygmies (racial affinities, general
characteristics, geographicaldistribution)
II.Indonesians (ibid)III.Malays (A.pagan Malays:
Tinggians, Bontoks, Igorots,Ifugaos; B.Mohammedan Malays:
historical background, generalculture groups, the groups.
Mortality Statistics
I.Schedule (the form)II.Progress of vital statistics
-registers in early days-the Phil Revolution and the vital
statistics
-the present statistical officeIII.General death rates
IV.Summary of results
V.Comparative mortality rates
VI.Mortality of employees in civil
serviceVII.Influence of tropical climate
Summary of statistics
-total population Schedules 1 & 8-nativity, gender, race, citizenship,
religion, age group, civil status,instruction, occupation, families,
dwellings, defectives
-% increase/decrease in pop/ province
-relative importance of provinces
according to pop-christian pop and q + % increase
between censuses, 1877, 1887,1903, 1918
-comparative data on area and population of other countries
-total and provincial pop, tot areasand pop/sq mile
-distribution of foreign residents inMla + provincial data
-gender, gender to race, to nativity,to citizenship, to province
-civil status (single, married,consensually married, widowers &
widows) 1903/18 + % increase-religious affiliation & gender
-literacy & school statistics-age groups & gender, % of total
-occupations (groups of occupations
= 5 classes: agric, professional,
domestic/services, trade/transport,manufacturing) by gender
-defective classes (insane, blind,
deaf, deaf-mute, invalid): total,gender, difference of defectives1903/18, classification in order of
importance, gender -families and dwellings: average q
for each, total q, 1903/18; by province
General Tables 1-46
-mortality rates 1904-1918, trend of
mortality
-deaths by nationality, by sex, byage, marital condition, months of
occurrence, age and cause of death, by month and cause of death
-rise of mortality rates-comparative death scale (oriental,
Anglo-Saxon, Latin)-mortality of employees, Americans
& Filipinos 1914-18
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1918 CPI/Vol 3Buencamino, Felipe SrDirector
Agriculture, Medicinal Plants,
Forests Lands and Proper Diet
Agriculture-inclusion of statistics on agriculture
in the census
-schedule-lands of PI in general
-other classification of farms by
area etc-plants, cattle, poultry
-resume-General tables
-medicinal plants-forests
-public lands-considerations on a proper diet
Medicinal Plants
Philippine Forests
Public Lands
-brief sketch of the law on thedisposition of public lands
Considerations on a Proper Diet
-the proper diet
-q farms, area in hectares, hectares
under cultivation
-tables 1-82
-tables 1-19
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1918 CPI/Vol 4Buencamino, FelipeDirector, Census
Social and Judicial Statistics,
Manufactures, and Household
Industries
Part I.Social Statistics
-Schedule # 5 Social statistics
-publications (periodicals, booksand pamphlets
-libraries (public, semi-public)
-free dispensaries, centers for careof children and charitable
institutions-hospitals, sanatoriums, patients
registered in 1918, and mostcommon diseases
-agricultural credit cooperativeassociations
-clubs and civic associations-churches
-pauperism-wages
-real property
Part II. Judicial Statistics(Villamor, Ignacio)
-Schedule--same as 1907-1913: 11 groups of
crimes penalised by Penal Code and
Acts of Phil Commission and Phil
Legislature:1.Crimes against state
2.against public order
3.falsification and forgery4.against reputation5.against persons
6.gainst property7.against public morals
8.committed by oublic officials inthe exercise of their duties
9.against personal liberty andsecurity
10. against public health11.miscellaneous crimes;
--against above classes of crimes the
following vairables wereenumerated:
-cases (filed, dismissed, decided,
pending, appealed)-sex
-conjugal condition
-age-instruction
-place-in state of intoxication
-recidivism-period of commission of crimes
-decision of court (dismissal,acquittal, conviction, cases pending)
-sentence
-Social statistics: General tables 1-
19 on the 10 major subheadings
under part I on social statistics. See particularly:
-q paupers by province
-average value of daily wages inmost common trades, by provinces
-assessed value of real property, andtheir taxes, by provinces
-statement of revenue collectionsand expenditures of provincial
governments-consolidated income and
expenditures of the Philippine gov.
Judicial statistics: General Tables 1-104: see specially the ff:
-condition of criminal dockets of
different CFIs
-registered q of accused in CFI
-tables 3-14: q persons accused of offenses in each of noted 11
categories of crime (NB errrant
public officials, Table 6)-regional and provincial breakdownof cases according to criminal
category-natinoality of accused
-sex of accused-age of accused
-q witnesses summoned and thosewho appeared to testify in criminal
cases before CFI-condition of civil dockets of several
CFI-condition of criminal docket of SC
-classification of appelantsaccording to judgements of of CFI
-amount stolen in different
municipalities according to cases of theft filed in jutice of peace courts
-amount obtained by swindling in
several municipalities according tocases of swindling filed in justice of
peace courts-q preliminary investigations made
by justice of peace courts-sex, nationality, age, occupation of
prinsoners confined in insular and provincial jails
-crimes committed by prisoners-duration of imprisonment
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1.3. Penal Code (PC) 1904, 1911, 1932
1904/An Act Providing a PenalCode in the Philippine Islands,A Law Proposed to be
Enacted by the PhilippineCommission
1911/The Penal Code of thePhilippine Islands
1932/An Act Revising thePenal Code and other PenalLaws: “The Revised Penal
Code.”
Part I. Crimes and Punishments
Title I.General Provisions
1.Preliminary provisions anddefinitions
2.Crimes and misdemeanors3.Persons liable for crimes and
misdemeanors4.Civil liability for crimes and
misdemeanor 5.Circumstances which exempt
from criminal liaility
6.Penalties and their execution ingeneral
7.Extinction of criminal liability
Title II.Offenses against the State
8.Treason, rebellion, sedition9.Offenses against the executive
power 10.offenses against trhe legislative
power
11.offenses against the judicial power 12.offenses against the elective
franchise13.offenses against public officials
14.falsification of official seals andsignatures
15.counterfeiting of money16counterfeiting of instruments of
credit, bank notes, postage stamps,and other stamped articles whose
sale is reserved to the state
17.falsification of public documents
18.false swearing and denunciation19faithlessness in the custody of
prisoners and jail delivery20.faithlesseness in the custody of
documents21.disobedience and refusal of
cooperation and abandonment of office
22.misappropriation of public funds23.offenses of lawyers
24.unauthorised sale, purchase, or possession of firearms, ammunition,
or explosives
25.offenses against the postalservice
Book I: General Provisions
regarding felonies and misdemeanors, the persons liable,
and the penalties
Title I: Felonies and misdemeanors,and the circumstances which
exempt from, mitigate, or aggravatecriminal liability
1.felonies and misdemeanors2.circumstances which exempt from
criminal liability
3.circumstances which mitigatecriminal liability
4. circumstances which aggravate
criminal liability5.provisions common to the two
preceding chapters
Title II.Perons liable for feloniesand misdemeanors
1.persons criminally liable for
felonies and misdemeanors2.persons civilly liable for feloniesand misdemeanors
Title III.Penalties
1.penalties in general2.classification of penalties
3.duration and effect of penalties-duration of penalties
-effects of penalties according torespective character
-penalties in which other accessory
penalties are inherent
4.applicationof penalties-rules for application of penalties to
principals in a consummated,frustrated, or attempted crime; and
to accomplices and accessories-rules for application of penalties
with regard to mitigating andaggravating circumstances
-provisions common to last two preceding sections
5.Execution and service of penalties-general provisions
-principal penalties
-accessory penalties
Title IV.Civil Liability
Preface (Mariano A Albert, see also
his “The Law on Crimes,” 1924):describes the slow process of
revising the old Spanish Penal Codeof 1887, which had defied revision
until 1932.
Book I.General Provisionsregarding date of enforcement and
application of provisions of thiscode, and regarding the offenses, the
persons liable and the penalties
Article 1.Time when act takes effect
Notes & comments:
-historical sketch-criminal law defined (power to
define and punish crimes)-characteristics of criminal law
-rules of construction-repeal of penal laws (effect of
repeal of penal laws in general; and
of the repeal of the repealingstatute)
Art. 2.Application of provisions
Title I (or Chapter I?)Felonies andcircumstances which affect criminal
liability
Art. 31.felonies
Art. 4. Criminal liability
Art. 5.Duty of court in connectionwith acts which should be repressed
but which are not covered by thelaw, and in cases of excessive
penalties.Art. 6.Consummated, frustrated, and
attempted feloniesArticle 7.When light felonies are
punishableArt. 8.Conspiracy and proposal to
commit felonyArt. 9.Grave felonies and light
felonies
Article 10.Offenses not subject tothe provisions of this Code
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Title III.Offenses against Persons
26.Homicide27.infanticide and abortion
28.duelling and prize fighting29.assaults with intent to kill or
commit other serious offenses
30.assault and battery31.sequestration and illegal
detention
32.abandonment and neglect of children
33.threats and acts of compulsion34.rape, seduction, and abduction
35.adultery36.offenses against morality and
decency37.illegal marriage
38.offenses against the civil statusof persons
39.libel and slander
Title IV.Offenses against Property40.housebreaking and other
unlawful entry41.robbery and usurpation
42.brigandage43.piracy and other offenses upon
the high seas
44.revelation of secrets
45.extortion46.larceny
47.embezzlement
48.false pretenses and cheats49.fraudulent bankruptcy50.frauds in the organisation or
management of corporations and partnerships
51.fraudulent issue of documents of title to merchandise
52.falsification of seals, marks,documents, and signatures of other
than public officials and unfair competition
53.false weights and measures54.arson and other malicious
destruction of property55.malicious mischief to property
Title V.Offenses against PublicWelfare
56.gambling
57.offenses against public healthand safety
58.violating sepulture and theremains of the dead
59.unlawful combinations andmonopolies
60.vagrancy
Part II.Criminal Procedure
Title V.Penalties incurred by thosewho evade service of sentence and
those who, while serving sentence,commit some other crime..
1.penalties incurred by those who
evade service of sentence2.penalties incurred by those who,
after having been convicted by final
judgement, which has not beenserved, or while serving such
sentence commit another offense
VI.Extinction of criminal liability
Book II.Crimes and Penalties
Title I.Crimes against the externalsecurity of the state
-crimes of treason-crimes that endanger the peace or
independence of the state-crimes against international law
-crimes of piracy-general provisions
Title II.Crimes against the
fundamental laws of the state
1.crimes of “Lese majesté, against
the cortes, the council of ministers,and against the form of
government..
-crimes of Lése majesté-crimes against the cortes and itsmembers and against the council of
ministers-crimes against the form of
government-provisions common to the three
preceding sections2.Crimes committed on the occasion
of the exercise of the rightsguaranteed by the fundamental laws
of the state-crimes committed by private
individuals-crimes committed by public
officials
-crimes against religion and worship-provisions common to the last three
preceding sections
Title III.Crimes against public order
1.rebellion2.sedition
3.provisions comon to the two next preceding chapters
4.assaults upon person in authorityand their agents, resistance and
disobedience thereto
Chapter 2: Justifying circumstances
which exempt from criminalliability
Art.11.Justifying circumstances
(subsections 1-6)
Art.12.Circumstances which exemptfrom criminal liability (subsections
1-7)
Chapter 3.Circumstances which
mitigate criminal liabilityArt.13.Mitigating circumstances
(subsections 1-10)
Chapter 4.Circumstances whichaggravate criminal liability
Art.14. Aggravating circumstances(subsections 1-21)
Chapter 5.Alternative circumstances
Art.15. Their concept (relationship:when mitigating and when
aggravating, intoxication, degree of instruction)
Title II. Persons Criminally Liable
for Felonies
Art.16. Who are criminally liableArt.17. Principals (subsections 1-2)
Art.18. Accomplices
Art.19. AccessoriesArt.20. Accessories who are exemptfrom criminal liability
Title III. Penalties
Chapter 1. Penalties in general
Art.21. Penalties that may beimposed
Art.22. Retroactive effect of penallaws
Art.23. Effect of pardon by theoffended party
Art.24. Measures of prevention or safety which are not considered
penalties
Chapter 2: Classification of
penalties
Art.25. Penalties which may beimposed (scale principal/accessory
penalties)
Chapter 3. Duration and effect of penalties
Section 1: Duration of penalties
Art.27. Reclusion perpetua
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Title VI.General Provisions61.Preliminary provisions and
definitions62.local jurisdiction of offenses
63.prosecution of offenses
64.preliminary examination65.rights of the accused
66.challenges
67.assessors
Title VII.The Trial68.arraignment
69.demurrers and pleas70.the hearing
71.reopening of the trial72.judgement
73.appeals74.hearing in the Supreme Court
75.trials in justices and municipalcourts
Title VII.Evidence and other
Provisions76.evidence
77.arrests78.bail
79.search warrants
80.insolvency
81.fees and costs82.execution and judgement
83.repealing, continuing, and other
final provisions
5.contempts, insults, injurias, and
threats against persons in authority,and ditto against their agents and
other public officers6.public disorders
7.provisions common to 3 preceding
chapters
Title IV.Forgery and counterfeiting
1.forgery of the royal signature or stamp, the signature of ministers,
seals and marks-forgery of royal signature or stamp
and signature of a minister -counterfeiting of seals and marks
2.counterfeiting of coind3.falsification of bank notes,
documents of credit, stamped paper, postage stamps, and other stamped
paper, the sale of which is reservedto the state
4.falsification of documents-falsification of public, official, and
commercial documents andtelegraphic dispatches
-falsification of private documents-falsification of passports,
certificates of residence and other
certificates
5.provisions common to the 4 next preceding chapters
6.fraudulent concealment of
property or business, falsetestimony, and false accusation andcomplaint
7.usurpation of authority, rank,titles, and the improper use of
names, uniforms, insignia, anddecorations
Title V.Breach of burial laws and
violation of sepulture and offensesof public health
1.breach of burial laws andviolation of sepulture
2.offenses against public health
Title VI.Gambling and raffles
Title VII.Crimes committed
bypublic officers or employees on
the occasion of the performance of their official duties
1.misconduct of judges, other publicofficials, and lawyers
2.infidelity in the custody of prisoners
3.infidelity in the custody of documents
4.revelation of secrets
Art.28. Computation of penalties
Art.29. One-half of the period of the preventive imprisonment deducted
from term of imprisonment
Section 2: Effects of the penalties
according to their respective natureArt.30. Effects of the penalties of
perpetual or temporary absolute
disqualitificationArt.31. Effects of penalties of
perpetual or temporary specialdisqualification
Art.32. Effects of penalties of perpetual temporary special
disqualification for the exercise of the right to suffrage
Art.33. Effects of penalties of suspension from any public office,
professional or calling, or the rightof suffrage
Art.34. Civil interdictionArt.35. Effects of bond to keep the
peaceArt.36. Pardon; its effects
Art.37. Costs-what are includedArt.38. Pecuniary liabilities, order
of payment
Art.39. Subsidiary penalty (rules 1-5
with illustrations)
Section 3. Penalties in which other
accessory penalties are inherentArt.40. Death, its accessory penalties
Art.41. Reclusión perpetua andreclusion temporal, their accessory
penaltiesArt.42. Prision mayor, its accessory
penaltiesArt.43. Prision correccional, its
accessory penaltiesArt.44. Arresto, its accessory
penaltiesArt.45. Confiscation and forfeiture
of the proceeds or instruments of thecrime
Chapter 4: Application of PenaltiesSection 1: Rules for the application
of penalties to the persons
criminally liable and for thegraduation of the same
Art.46. Penalty to be imposed upon
principals in generalArt.47. In what cases the death
penalty shall not be imposedArt.48. Penalty for complex crimes
Art.49. Penalty to be imposed upon
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5.disobedience and refusal of
assistance6.anticipation, prolongation, and
abandonment of the duties of publicoffice
7.usurpation of power; unlawful
appointments8.offenses against chastity
9.bribery
10.malversation of public funds11.frauds and illegal exactions
12.transactions prohibited togovernment employees
13.general provisions
Title VIII.Crimes against persons1.parricide
2.murder 3.homicide
4.provisions common to 3 precedingchapters
5.infanticide6.abortion
7.physical injuries7.general provisions
9.dueling
Title IX.Crimes against Chastity
1.adultery
2.rape and unnatural crimes3.crimes of public scandal
4.seduction and corruption of
minors5.abduction6.provisions common to preceding
chapters
Title X.Crimes against honor 1.calumny
2.insults3.general provisions
Title XI.Crimes against the civil
status of persons1.simulation of births and
usurpation of civil status2.illegal marriages
Title XII.Crimes against liberty andsecurity
1.illegal detentions
2.kidnapping of minors3.abandonment of children and
exploitation of child labor 4.trespass to the dwelling
5.coercion and threats6.discovery and revelationof secrets
Title XIII.Crimes against property
1.robbery
the principals when the crime
committed is different from thatintended (illustrations)
Art.50. Penalty to be imposed upon principals of a frustrated crime
Art.51. Penalty to be imposed upon
principals of attempted crimesArt.52. ….upon accomplices in
consummated crime
Art.53. ….upon accessories to thecommission of a consummated
felonyArt.54. ….upon accomplices in a
frustrated crimeArt.55. ….upon accessories of a
frustrated crimeArt.56. …..upon accomplices in an
attempted crimeArt.57. …..upon accessories of an
attempted crimeArt.58. Additional penalty to be
imposed upon certain accessoriesArt.59. Penalty to be imposed in
case of failure to commit the crime because the means empoloyed or the
aims sought are impossible.Art.60. Exception to the rules
established in arts. 50-57
Art.61. Rules fro graduating
penalties (with illustrations)-Tabulation of the provisions of this
Chapter 4.
Section 2: Rules for the applicationof penalties with regard to
mitigating and aggravatingcircumstances, and habitual
delinquency
Art.62. Effect of the attendance of mitigating or aggravating
circumstances and of habitualdelinquency (subsections 1-5)
Art.63. Rules for the application of the indivisible penalties
Art.64. Rules for the applicationof penalties which contain 3 periods
Art.65. Rules in cases in which the
penalty is not composed of three periods
Art.66. Imposition of fines
Art.67. Penalty to be imposed whennot all the requisites of exemption
of the fourth circumstance of article12 are present.
Art.68. Penalty to be imposed upona person under 18 years of age
Art.69. Penalty to be imposed whenthe crime committed is not wholly
excusable
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2.theft
3.usurpation4.frauds
-absconding, fraudulent bankruptcyor insolvency
-swindling and other deceits
5.machinations to alter the price of things
6.pawnshops
7.arson and other crimes involvingdestruction
8.malicious mischief 9.general provisions
Title IV.Restless imprudence
Book III.Misdemeanors and
penalties therefor
Title I.Misdemeanors against publicorder
Title II.Misdemeanors againstgeneral interest of towns
Title III.Misdemeanors against persons
Title IV.Misdemeanors against property
Title V.Provisions common to
misdemeanors
Final Provision
Appendix to Penal Code
General Table of duration of penalties .. and division into degrees
(1-58 penalties)
Penal Acts and provisions of Philippine Commission and Phil.
Legislature 1900-1911
-banking institutions..-cruelty to animals; transportation
-sale of intoxicating liquors, Mla-municipalities
-provincial government act-common carriers
-notaries public
-the Mla charter -rinderpest, disposal of dead bodies
-oath of allegiance
-Libel Law-treason, insurrection and sedition
-bureau of printing-compulsary vaccination
-practice of medicine-the customs administrative act
-customs, coastwise trade-practice of medicine
-stamping of counterfeit coin
Art.70. Successive service of
sentences; exception (scale in order of gravity: death, reclusion
perpetua, reclusion temporal, prisionmayor, prision correccional, arresto
mayor, arresto menor)
Art.71. FineArt.72. Preference in the payment of
civil liabilities
Art.73. Presumption in regard to theimposition of accessory penalties
Art.74. Penalty higher thanreclusion perpetua in certain cases
Art.75. Increasing or reducing the penalty fine by one or more degrees
Art.76. Legal period of duration of divisible penalties (table showing
duration of divisible penalties andthe time included in each of their
periods)Art.77. When penalty is a complex
one composed of 3 distinct penalties
Chapter 5: Execution and Service of Penalties
Section 1: General Provisions
Art.78. When and how a penalty
shall be executed except by virtue of
a final judgementArt.79. Suspension fo the execution
and service of penalties in case of
insanityArt.80. Suspension of sentence of minor delinquents
Section 2: Executionof principal
penaltiesArt.81. When and how the death
penalty is to be executedArt.82. Notification and execution
of the sentence and assistance to theculprit
Art.83. Suspension of the executionof the death sentence
Art.84. Place of execution and persons who may witness the same
Art.85. Provision reltive to the
corpse of the person executed andits burial
Art.86. Reclusion perpetua,
reclusion temporal, prision mayor, prision correccional and arresto
mayor Art.87. Destierro
Art.88. Arresto menor
Title IV. Extinction of Criminal Liability and of Civil Liability
Resulting from Crime
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-cockpits and gambling therein
-land registration act-brigandage
-vagrancy-military reservations
-prize fighting
-practice of dentistry-practice of pharmacy
-constabulary
-fraudulent enlistment in theconstabulary
-trademarks-mutual benefit societies
-chinese registration-intoxicating liquors, military
reservations-deposit of government moneys
-locust board and regulations-buoys and beacons
-public land act-coinage and currency
-witnesses, military court-litherage, harbor business, vessels
-large cattle, registration-forestry
-surra-marking animals-internal revenue law
-native liquors, sailors and soldiers
-special provinces
-dead bodies; burials; cemeteries-corporation law
-district health officers
-leper colony, stock farm-explosive and poisons; fishing-chattel mortgage law
-public highways, bridges etc-weights and measures
lottery tickets and advertisements-fertilizers, regulations
-gambling and horse races-timber and forest products,
exemptions-election law
-bonded civil servants-toll roads and bridges
-intoxicating liquors, non-Christiantribes
-practice of medicine and pharmacy
-pure food act-bodies of diceased, scientific
investigation
-flag law-perjury
-civil service act-segregation of lepers
-municipalities; fire protection-misappropriationof public funds
-seamen; arrest and return of deserters
-counterfeiting
Chapter 1: Extinction of CriminalLiability
Section 1.Total extinction of criminal liability
Art.89. How criminal liability is
totally extinguished (subsections 1-7)
Art.90. Prescription of crimes
Art.91. Computation of prescriptionof offenses
Art.92. When and how penalties prescribe
Art.93. Computation of the prescription of penalties
Art.94. Partial extinction of criminalliability
Art.95. Obbligation incurred by person granted conditional pardon
Art.96. Effect of commutation of sentence
Art.97. Allowance for good conductArt.98. Special time allowance for
loyaltyArt.99. Who grants time allowances
Title V. Civil Liability
Chapter 1: Persons civilly liable for
feloniesArt.100. Civil liability of person
guilty of felony
Art.101. Rules regarding civilliability in certain casesArt.102. Subsidiary civil liability of
innkeepers, tavernkeepers and proprietors of establishments
Art.103. Subsidiary civil liability of other persons
Chapter 2: What civil liability
includesArt.104. What is included in civil
liabilityArt.105. Restitution, how made
Art.106. Reparation, how madeArt.107. Indemnification, what is
included
Art.108. Obligation to makerestoration, reparation for damages,
or indemnification for consequential
damages and action to demand thesame
Art.109. Share of each personcivilly liable
Art.110. Several and subsidiaryliability of principals, accomplices,
and accessories of a felony, preference in payment
Art.111. Obligation to make
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-disturbance of legislative bodies
-gambling-danger animal diseases
-opium law-crime against chastity, etc, public
prosecution
-board of rate regulation; publicservice corporations
-arms and ammunition
-the accounting act-protection of animal life
-telegraphic messages-the agricultural bank
-purchase of real property at tax sale by government employee
-insolvency law-toll road, Mt Province
-Baguio charter -enlisted service, Bureau of
Navigation
General Orders, No 58 Series of 1900, Office of US military
governor (amending provisions in pre-existing criminal code of
procedure)-prosecution of offenses
-rights of accused at trial
-arraignment and counsel
-demurrers and pleas-the trial
-reopening of the trial
-appeals-records of trials-trials in justices’ courts. Appeals
-evidence and proof -bail
-writ of habeas corpus-search warrants
-rights of persons injured by theoffense
-miscellaneous and transitory provisions
Some additional provisions of law
relating to criminal procedure:-provincial jails and prisoners
-abolishment of garrote
-confinement of minors-conditional pardons
-parole of prisoners
-subsidiary imprisonment-costs and fees, criminal cases
restitution in certain cases
Chapter 3: Extinction and survival
of civil liabilityArt.112. Extinction of civil liability
Art.113. Obligation to satisfy civil
liability
Book II: Crimes and Penalties
Title I: Crimes Against National
Security and the Law of Nations
Chapter 1: Crimes against nationalsecurity
Section 1: Treason and espionageArt. 114. Treason
Art.115. Conspiracy and proposal tocommit treason, penalty
Art.116. Misprision of treasonArt.117. Espionage
Section 2: Provoking war and
disloyalty in case of war Art.118. Inciting to war or giving
motives for reprisalsArt.119. Violation of neutrality
Art.120. Correspondence with
hostile country
Art.121. Flight to enemy’s country
Section 3: Piracy and mutiny on the
high seasArt.122. Piracy in general on thehigh seas
Art.123. Qualified piracy
Title II. Crimes against the fundamental laws of the state
Chapter 1: Arbitrary dentention or
expulsion, violation of dwelling, prohibition, interruption, and
dissolution of peaceful meetings andcrimes against religious worship
Section 1: Arbitrary detention and
expulsion
Art.124. Arbitrary detentionArt.125. Delay in delivery of
detained persons to the proper
judicial authoritiesArt.126. Delaying release
Art. 127. Expulsion
Section 2: Violation of domicileArt.128. Violation of domicile
Art.129. Search warrantsmaliciously obtained and abuse in
the service of those legally obtained
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Art.130. Searching domicile without
witnesses
Section 3: Prohibition, interruptionof peaceful meetings
Art.131. Prohibition, interruption,
and dissolution of peaceful meetings
Section 4: Crimes against religious
worshipArt.132. Interruption of religious
worshipArt.133. Offending the religious
feelings
Title III: Crimes Against PublicOrder
Chapter 1: Rebellion, sedition and
disloyaltyArt.134. Rebellion or insurrection,
how committedArt.135. Penalty for rebellion or
insurrectionArt.136. Conspiracy and proposal to
commit rebellion or insurrectionArt.137. Disloyalty of public
officers or employees
Art.138. Inciting to rebellion or
insurrectionArt.139. Sedition, how committed
Art.140. Penalty for sedition
Art.141. Conspiracy to commitseditionArt.142. Inciting to sedition
Chapter 2: Crimes against popular
representation
Section 1: Crimes against legislative bodies and similar bodies
Art.143. Acts tending to prevent themeeting of the legislature and
similar bodiesArt.144. Disturbance of proceedings
Section 2: Violation of
parliamentary immunity
Art.145. Violation of parliamentaryimmunity
Chapter 3: Illegal assemblies andassociations
Art.146. Illegal assembliesArt.147. Illegal associations
Chapter 4: Assault upon, and
resistance and disobedience to persons in authority and their agents
Art.148. Direct assaults
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Art.149. Indirect assaults
Art.150. Disobedience to summonsissued by a legislative body or
committee, and refusal to testify before same
Art.151. Resistance and
disobedience to a person inauthority or the agents of such
person
Art.152. Persons in authority, whoshall be deemed as such
Chapter 5: Public disorders
Art.153. Tumults and other disturbances of public order,
tumultuous disturbance or interruption liable to cause
disturbanceArt.154. Unlawful use of means of
publicationArt.155. Alarms and scandals
Art.156. Delivering prisoners from jails
Chapter 6: Evasion and service of
sentenceArt.157. Evasion of service of
sentence
Art.158. Evasion of service of
sentence on the occasion of disorders, conflagrations,
earthquakes, or other calamities
Art.159. Other cases of evasion of service of sentence
Chapter 7: Commission of another crime during service of penalty
imposedfor another previous offenseArt.160. Commission of another
crime during service of penaltyimposed for another previous
offense
Title IV. Crimes Against PublicInterest
Chapter 1: ForgeriesSection 1: Forging the seal of the
government of the PI, the signature
or stamp of the chief executiveArt.161 Counterfeiting the great seal
of the government of the PI, forging
the signature or stamp of the chief executive
Art.162. Using forged signature or counterfeit seal or stamp
Section 2: Counterfeiting coin
Art.163. Making and importing anduttering false coins
Art.164. Multilation of coins,
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importation and utterance of
mutilated coinsArt.165. Selling of false or
mutilated coin, without connivance
Section 3: Forging treasury or bank
notes, obligations and securities;importing and uttering fales or
forged notes, obligations and
securitiesArt.166. Forging treasury or bank
notes or other documents payable to bearer; importing and uttering such
false or forged notes and documentsArt.167. Counterfeiting, importing
and uttering instruments payable to bearer
Art.168. Illegal possession and useof false treasury or bank notes and
other instruments of credit.Art.169. How forgery is committed
Section 4: Falsification of
legislative, public, commercial and private documents, and wireless,
telegraph, and telephone messagesArt.170. Falsification of legislative
documents
Art.171. Falsification of public
officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister (subsections 1-
8)
Art.172. Falsification by privateindividuals and use of falsifieddocuments (subsections 1-2,
paragraph 2)Art.173. Falsification of wireless,
cable, telegraph and telephonemessages, and use of said falsified
messages
Section 5: Falsification of medicalcertificates, certificates of merit or
service and the likeArt.174. False medical certificates,
false certificates of merit or serviceArt.175. Using false certificates
Section 6: Manufacturing,importing, and possession of
instruments or implements intended
for the commission of falsification
Art.176. Manufacturing and possession of instruments or
implements for falsification
Chapter 2: Other falsitiesSection 1: Usurpation of authority,
rank, title, and improper use of
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names, uniforms and insignia
Art.177. Usurpation of officialfunctions
Art.178. Using fictitious name andconcealing tru name
Art.179. Illegal use of uniforms or
insignia
Section 2: False testimony
Art.180. False testimony against adefendant
Art.181. False testimony favorableto the defendant
Art.182. False testimony in civilcases
Art.183. False testimony in other cases and perjury in solemn
affirmationArt.184. Offering false testimony in
evidence
Chapter 3: FraudsSection 1: Machinations,
monopolies and combinationsArt.185. Machinations in public
auctionsArt.186. Monopolies and
combinations in restraint of trade
Section 2: Frauds in commerce andindustry
Art.187. Importation and disposition
of falsely marked articles or merchandise made of gold, silver, or other precious metals or their alloys
Art.188. Substituting and alteringtrademarks and tradenames
Art.189. Unfair competition andfraudulent registration of trademark
or tradename
Title V Crimes relative to opiumand other prohibited drugs
Art.190. Possession, preparation and
use of prohibited drugs, andmaintenance of opium dens
Art.191. Keeper, watchman and
visitor of opium denArt.192. Importation and sale of
prohibited drugs
Art.193. Illegal possession of opium pipe or other paraphernalia for the
use of any prohibited drugArt.194. Prescribing opium
unnecessarily for a patient
Title VI. Crimes Against PublicMorals
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Chapter 1: Gambling and betting
Art.195. What acts are punishable ingambling
Art.196. Importation, sale and possession of lottery tickets or
advertisements
Art.197. Betting in sport contestsArt.198. Illegal betting on horse
races
Art.199. Illegal cockfighting
Chapter 2: Offenses against decencyand good customs
Art.200. Grave scandalArt.201. Immoral doctrines, obscene
publications and exhibitionsArt.202. Vagrants and prostitutes,
penalty
Title 7: Crimes committed by publicofficers
Chapter 1: Preliminary provisions
Section 1: Dereliction of DutyArt.203. Who are public officers
Chapter 2: Malfeasance and
misfeasance in office
Art.204. Knowingly rendering
unjust judgementArt.205. Judgement rendered
through negligence
Art.206. Unjust interlocutory order Art.207. Malicious delay in theadministration of justice
Art.208. Prosecution of offenses;negligence and tolerance
Art.209. Betrayal of trust by anattorney or solicitor, revelation of
secrets
Section 2: BriberyArt.210. Direct bribery
Art.211. Indirect briberyArt.212. Corruption of public
officials
Chapter 3: Frauds and Illegal
exactions and transactionsArt.213. Frauds against the public
treasury and similar offenses
Art.214. Other fraudsArt.215. Prohibited transactions
Art.216. Possession of prohibitedinterest by a public officer
Chapter 4: Malversation of public
funds or propertyArt.217. Malversation of public
funds or property, presumption of
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malversation
Art.218. Failure of accountableofficer to render accounts
Art.219. Failure of responsible public officer to reder accounts
before leaving the country
Art.220. Illegal use of public fundsor property
Art.221. Failure to make delivery of
public funds or propertyArt.22. Officers included in the
preceding provisions
Chapter 5: Infidelity of publicofficers
Section 1: Infidelity in the custodyof prisoners
Art.223. Conniving with or consenting to evasion
Art.224. Evasion throughnegligence
Art.225. Escape of prisoner under the custody of a person not a public
officer
Section 2: Infidelity in the custodyof documents
Art.226. Removal, concealment or
destruction of documents
Art.227. Officer breaking sealArt.228. Opening of closed
documents
Section 3: Revelation of secretsArt.229. Revelation of secrets by an
officer Art.230. Public officer revealing
secrets of private individuals
Chapter 6: Other offenses or irregularities by public officers
Section 1: Disobedience, refusal of assistance and matreatment of
prisonersArt.231. Open disobedience
Art.232. Disobedience to order of superior officer when said order was
suspended by inferior officer
Art.233. Refusal of assistanceArt.234. Refusal to discharge
elective office
Art.235. Maltreatment of prisoners
Section 2: Anticipation, prolongation and abandonment of
the duties and powers of publicoffice
Art.236. Anticipation of duties of a public officer
Art.237. Prolonging performance of
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duties and powers
Art.238. Abandonment of office or position
Section 3: Usurpation of powers and
unlawful appointments
Art.239. Usurpation of legislative powers
Art.240. Usurpation of executive
functionsArt.241. Usurpation of judicial
functionsArt.242. Disobeying request for
disqualificationArt.243. Orders or requests by
executive officers to any judicialauthority
Art.244. Unlawful appointments
Section 4: Abuses against chastityArt.245. Abuses against chastity,
penalties
Title VIII. Crimes Against Persons
Chapter 1: Destruction of LifeSection 1: Parricide, murder,
homicide
Art.246. Parricide
Art.247. Death or physical injuriesinflicted under exceptional
circumstances
Art.248. Murder Art.249. HomicideArt.250. Penalty for frustrated
parricide, murder or homicideArt.251 Death caused in a
tumultuous affrayArt.252. Physical injuries inflicted
in a tumultuous affrayArt.253. Giving assistance to
suicideArt.254. Discharge of firearms
Section 2: Infanticide and abortion
Art.255. InfanticideArt.256. Intentional abortion
Art.257. Unintentional abortion
Art.258. Abortion practiced by thewoman herself or by her parents
Art.259. Abortion practiced by a
physician or midwife anddispensing of abortives
Section 3: Duel
Art.260. Responsibility of participants in a duel
Art.261. Challenging to a duel
Chapter 2: Physical injuries
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Art.262. Mutilation
Art.263. Serious physical injuries(subsections 1-4, paragraphs 2-3)
Art.264- Administering injurioussubstances or beverages
Art.265. Less serious physical
injuriesArt.266. Slight physical injuries and
maltreatment
Title IX. Crimes Against Personal
Liberty and Security
Chapter 1: Crimes against libertySection 1: Illegal detention
Art.267. Serious illegal detentionArt.268. Slight illegal detention
Art.269. Unlawful arrest
Section 2: Kidnapping of minorsArt.270. Kidnapping and failure to
return a minor Art.271. Inducing a minor to
abandon his home
Section 3: Slavery and servitudeArt.272. Slavery
Art.273. Exploitation of child labor
Art.274. Services rendered under
compulsion in payment of debts
Chapter 2: Crimes against security
Section 1: Abandonment of helpless persons and exploitation of minorsArt.275. Abandonment of persons in
danger and abandonment of one’sown victim
Art.276. Abandoning a minor Art.277. Abandonment of minor by
person entrusted with his custody;indifference of parents
Art.278. Exploitation of minorsArt.279. Additional penalties for
other offenses
Section 2: Trespass to dwellingArt.280. Qualified trespass to
dwelling
Art.281. Other forms of trespass
Section 3: Threats and Coercion
Art.282. Grave threatsArt.283. Light threats
Art.284. Bond for good behavior Art.285. Other light threats
Art.286. Grave coercionsArt.287. Light coercions
Art.288. Other similar coercionsArt.289. Formation, maintenance
and prohibition of combination of
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capital or labor through violence or
threats
Chapter 3: Discovery andRevelations of secrets
Art.290. Discovering secrets
thorugh seizure of correspondenceArt.291. Revealing secrets with
abuse of office
Art.292. Revelation of industrialsecrets
Title X. Crimes Against Property
Chapter 1: Robbery in general
Art.293. Who are guilty of robberySection 1: Robbery with violence
against or intimidation of personsArt.294. Robbery with violence
against or intimidation of persons, penalties (subsections 1-5)
Art.295. Robbery with physicalinjuries, committed in an
uninhabited place and by a bandArt.296. Definition of a band and
penalty incurred by membersthereof
Art.297. Attempted and frustrated
robbery committed under certain
circumstancesArt.298. Execution of deeds by
means of violence and intimidation
Section 2: Robbery by the use of force upon things
Art.299. Robbery in an uninhabitedhouse or public building or edifice
devoted to worship (subsections 1-4, paragraph B, subsections 1-2
Art.300. Robbery in an uninhabited place and by a band
Art.301. What is an uninhabitedhouse, public building or bldg
dedicated to religious worship andtheir dependencies
Art.302. Robbery in an uninhabited place or in a private bldg.
Art.303. Robbery of cereals, fruits
or firewood in an uninhabited placeor private bldg.
Art.304. Possession of picklocks or
similar toolsArt.305. False keys
Chapter 2: Brigandage
Art.306. Who are brigands, penaltyArt.307. Aiding and abetting a band
of brigands
Chapter 3: Who are liable for theft
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(subsections 1-3)
Art.309. PenaltiesArt.310. Qualified theft
Art.311. Theft of the property of the National Library and National
Museum
Chapter 4: Usurpation
Art.312. Occupation of real property
or usurpation of real rights in property
Art.313. Altering bounderies or landmarks
Chapter 5: Culpable insolvency
Art.314. Fraudulent insolvency
Chapter 6: Swindling and other deceits
Art.315. Swindling (estafa)(subsections 1-3, distinction from
theft etc)Art.316. Other forms of swindling
(subsections 1-6)Art.317. Swindling a minor
Art.318. Other deceits
Chapter 7: Chattel Mortgage
Art.319. Removal, sale or pledge of
mortgaged property
Chapter 8: Arson and other crimes
involving destructionArt.320. Destructive arsonArt.321. Other forms of arson
(subsections 1-7)Art.322. Cases of arson not included
in the preceding articlesArt.323. Arson of property of small
valueArt.324. Crimes involving
destructionArt.325. Burning one’s own
property as a means to commitarson
Art.326. Setting fire to propertyexclusively owned by the offender
Chapter 9: Malicious Mischief Art.327. Whoa re liable for
malicious mischief
Art.328. Special cases of maliciousmischief
Art.329. Other mischiefsArt.330. Damages and destruction
to means of communicationArt.331. Destroying or damaging
statues, public monuments or paintings
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Chapter 10: Exemption from
criminal liability in crimes against property
Art.332. Persons exempt fromcriminal liability
Title VII (XI?) Crimes Against Chastity
Chapter 1: Adultery andconcubinage
Art.333. Who are guilty of adulteryArt.334. Concubinage
Chapter 2: Rape and acts of
lasciviousnessArt.335. When and how rape is
commitedArt.336. Acts of lasciviousness
Chapter 3: Seduction, corruption of
minors and white slaveryArt.337. Qualified seduction
Art.338. Simple seductionArt.339. Acts of lasciviousness with
the consent of the offended partyArt.340. Corruption of minors
Art.341. White slave trade
Chapter 4: AbductionArt.342. Forcible abduction
Art.343. Consented abduction
Chapter 5: Provisions relative to preceding chapters of Title XI
Art.344. Prosecution of the crimesof adultery, concubinage, seduction,
abduction, rape and acts of lasciviousness
Art.345. Civil liability of personsguilty of crimes against chastity
Art.346. Liability of ascendants,guardians, teachers, or other persons
entrusted with the custody of theoffended party
Title XII. Crimes Against the Civil
Status of Persons
Chapter 1: Simulation of births and
usurpation of civil status
Art.347. Simulation of births,substitution of one child for another
and concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child
Art.348. Usurpation of civil status
Chapter 2: Illegal marriagesArt.349. Bigamy
Art.350. Marriage contracted
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against provisions of laws
Art.351. Premature marriagesArt.352. Performance of illegal
marriage ceremony
Title XIII. Crimes Against Honor
Chapter 1: Libel
Section 1: Definition, forms and
punishment of the crimeArt.353. Definition of libel
Art.354. Requirement for publicityArt.355. Libel by means of writings
or similar meansArt.356. Threatening to publish and
offer to prevent such publication for a compensation
Art.357. Prohibited publication of acts referred to in the course of
official proceedingsArt.358. Slander
Art.359. Slander by deed
Section 2: General provisionsArt.360. Persons responsible
Art.361. Proof of the truth
Chapter 2: Incriminatory
machinations
Art.363. Incriminating innocent person
Art.364. Intriguing against honor
Title XIV. Quasi Offenses
Sole Chapter: Criminal negligenceArt.365. Imprudence and negligence
Title XV. Final Provisions
Art.366. Application of lawsenacted prior to this Code
Art.367. Repealing clause
1.3. Civil Code (CC) 1932, 1948 & Code of Civil Procedure, 19211921/The Code of CivilProcedure of the PhilippineIslands (Act 190)
As amended up to the close of special session of the PhilippineLegislature, March 1920
1932/ The Civil CodeAn English translation of theSpanish Civil Code withsubseuent laws enacted by thePhil. Legislature affecting the CCode, Vols 1-4
Sinco, Vicente & Capistrano,Francisco
1948/ Report of the CodeCommission on the ProposedCivil Code of the Philippines
Part I
Chapter 1, secs 1-12: General and preliminary provisions
Chapter 2, secs 13-37: Lawyers,
Preliminary Title
Laws, their effect, and general rulesfor their application
Creation of Code Commission
How and when proposed civil codewas prepared
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their qualifications and duties
Chapter 3, secs 38-50: Prescription;time of commencing action
Chapter 4, secs 51-88: Proceedingsin courts of justice of the peace
Procedure in Courts of FirstInstance in Actions
Chapter 5, secs 89-113: PleadingsChapter 6, secs 114-122: Parties to
actionsChapter 7, secs 123-152: Various
proceedings in CFIsChapter 8, secs 153-161: Assessors
in CFIsChapter 9. Special Remedies
-secs 162-172: injunctions-173-180: receivers
-181-196: partition of real estate-197-216: usurpation of office or
franchise, etc-217-221: Certiorari proceedings
-222-225: mandate-226-230: prohibition
-231-240: contempt-241-253: eminent domain
-254-261: foreclosure of mortgage
-262-272: manual delivery of
personal propertyChapter 10
-273-347: Rules of evidence
-348-352: Affidavits anddepositions-353-369: depositions
-370-376: perpetuation of testimonyChapter 11
-377: Venue of actionsChapter 12
-378-380: Proceedings when judgeis disqualified or diabled
Chapter 13-381-383: Witnesses
Chapter 14-384-388: duties of the clerk of CFI
Chapter 15-389-401: Process, preliminary
process
Chapter 16-402-411: Subpoenas, and
compelling attendance of witnesses
Chapter 17-412-423: Arrest of defendant
Chapter 18-424-442: Attachment of
defendant’s propertyChapter 19
-443-473: Final process, execution.The execution and proceedings
thereon.
Book I. Persons
Title I.Spaniards and foreigners
Title II. Birth and extinction of civil personality
1.Natural persons
2.Juridical personsTitle III.Domicile
Title IV.marriage
Chapter 1.General provisionsSection 1: Forms of marriage
-the New Marriage Law-Marriage requisites
-causes for annulment of marriage-authority to solemnize marriages-
regulations and fees-penal provisions
-final provisionsSection 2: Provisions common to
both forms of marriageSection 3: Proof of marriage
Section 4: Rights and obligations between husband and wife
Section 5: Effects of annulment of marriage and divorce
Chapter 2. Canonical marriageChapter 3. Civil marriage
Section 1: Capacity of the
contracting parties
Section 2: Celebration of marriageSection 3: Annulment of marriage
Section 4: Divorce
-the Divorce Law (Act No 2710)Title V. Paternity and FiliationChapter 1: Legitimate children
Chapter 2: Proofs of filiation of legitimate children
Chapter 3: Legitimated childrenChapter 4: Illegitimate children
Title VI. The support of relationsTitle VII. Parental Authority
Chapter1: General provisionsChapter 2: Effects of parental
authority in respect to the persons of the children
Chapter 3: the effects of parentalauthority in respect to the property
of the children
Chapter 4: Manner of terminating parental authority
Chapter 5: Adoption
Title VIII. AbsenceChapter 1: Provisional measures in
cases of absenceChapter 2: Declaration of absence
Chapter 3: the administration of the property of the absentee
Chapter 4: Presumption of death of the absentee
Chapter 5: Effects of absence upon
1.Nature of project of civil code
-a general view
-new rights and causes of action-different or contrary solutions
-clarification of present provisions
-certain subjects ommitted-language of proposed code
-extent of changes
2.Fundamental principles, principal
reforms and new subjects
A.Fundamental principles-liberalisation of women’s rights
-social justice-consolidation of the family
(family as institution, family home,the family council, other provisions
for family cohesion)-Filipino customs
-equity above strict legalism-democracy as a way of life
-human personality exalted
B.Principal reforms and newsubjects (37 new subjects =
individualising character vis-à-vis
social relations)
-silence or ambiguity of the law-human relations
-state indemnity for conviction of an
innocent person-civil liability arising froma crime-independent civil actions created
and fostered-the promise of marriage
-rights and obligations betweenhusband and wife
-the system of absolute community-the regime of separate property
-funerals-substitute parental authority
-care and education of children-use of surnames
-easement against nuisance-lateral and subjacent support
-nuisance
-intellectual creation-form of wills
-probate during life of testator
-modified system of legitime-reforms in interstacy
-“reservas” abolished-quieting of title
-reformation of instruments-natural obligations
-estoppel-trusts
-unenforceable contracts
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Chapter 20
-474-486: Proceedingssupplementary to the execution
Chapter 21-487-495: Costs in the several
courts
Chapter 22-496-512: Proceedings in Supreme
Court. General procedure of the
Supreme Court, and procedure on bills of exceptions
Chapter 23-513-519: Proceedings in SC in the
exercise of its original jurisdictionChapter 24
-520-521: The clerk of the SC andhis duties
Part II. Special Proceedings
Chapter 25
-522: Power of judge or court inspecial proceedings
-523-524: BankruptcyChapter 26
-525-550: Proceedings in habeascorpus
Chapter 27
-551-581: Guardians, their
appointment, duties, powers, andaccounts
(-551-558: Guardians of minors
-559-581: Guardianship of personsof unsound mind)Chapter 28
-582-595: Trusts, trustees and proceedings in relation thereto.
Trusts and trustees.Chapter 29
-596-598: Estates of deceased persons. Summary settlement of
estatesChapter 30
-599-613: Jurisdiction over estatesof deceased persons
Chapter 31-614-663: Wills and the allowances
thereof, and duties of executors
(641-648: Executors andadministrators, who may act, and
their bonds; 649-663: Death,
removal etc of executors or administrators)
Chapter 32-664-667: General duties of
executors and administrators-668-685: Inventory, appraisal and
accountChapter 33
-686-701: Claims against estat. How
eventual rights of the absentee
Title IX. GuardianshipChapter 1: General provisions
Chapter 2: Testamentaryguardianship
Chapter 3: Legal guardianship
Section 1: Guardianship of minorsSection 2: Guardianship of insane
and deaf-mutes
Section 3: Guardianship of prodigals
Section 4: Guardianship of personsunder interdiction
Chapter 4: Guardianship byappointment
Chapter 5: ProtutorsChapter 6: Persons disqualified to
be guardians and protutors, andtheir removal
Chapter 7: Exemptions fromguardianship and protutorship
Chapter 8: Bonds of guardiansChapter 9: the performance of
guardianshipChapter 10: Accounts of the
guardianshipChapter 11: Registration of
guardianship
Title X.The Family Council
Section 1: the formation of familycouncil
Section 2: procedure in the family
councilTitle XI. Emancipation and majorityChapter 1: Emancipation
Chapter 2: MajorityTitle XII. The Civil Registry
-An Act to establish a Civil Register (Act 3753)
Book II. Property, Ownership, and
its Modifications
Title I. Classification of propertyChapter 1: Immovable property
Chapter 2: Movable propertyChapter 3: Property in relation to
the person to whom it belongs
Title II. OwnershipChapter 1: Ownership in general
Chapter 2: Right of Accession
Section 1: Right of accession withrespect to what is produced by
propertySection 2: Right of accession with
respect to immovable propertySection 3: Right of accession with
respect to movable propertyChapter 3: Fixing of boundaries and
placing of monuments
-uniform sales law
-the “Pacto de Retro” problem-Commercial Code provisions on
certain contracts abolished-extraordinary diligence of common
carriers
.uniform partnership acts-lessening litigation
-other quasi-contracts
-damages (actual or compensatory,moral, nominal, temperate or
moderate, liquidated, exemplary or corrective)
-rules of court
3.Other Imortant Changes Recommended
A.Preliminary title
B.Book I (recommendations in 37 issues)
-natural persons-marriage
-divorce-property relations between husband
and wife-donations by reason of marriage
-conjugal partnership
-paternity and filiation
-legitimated children-other illegitimate children
-support
-parental authority-adoption-absence
-emancipation-civil registry
C.Book II (recommendations in 7
issues)-ownership
-accession-co-ownership
-some special properties-possession
-usufruct-easements or servitudes
D.Book III. (recommendations in 4
issues)
-occupation-donation
-succession
--testamentary capacity
--nature of the act of making a will--wills
--holographic wills
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allowed.
Chapter 34-702-708: Suits by and against
executor and administrator Chapter 35
-709-713: Property embezzled or
secreted, or fraudulently conveyedChapter 36
-714-726: Sale of estate
Chapter 37-727-733: From what estates debts
to be paidChapter 38
-734-745: payment of debts-746-749: contingent claims
Chapter 39-750-752: Escheats
Chapter 40-753-764: distribution of estate
Chapter 41-765-772: adoption and custody of
minorsChapter 42
-773-783: Appeals in special proceedings
Part III
Chapter 43
-784: Forms-785-794: Fees
Chapter 44
-795-796: Final provisions
Appendices
A.Rules of court (for both SC andCFIs)
B.Judiciary Act 136C.The Judiciary Reorganisation Act
2347D.Stenographers’ Duties, Act 2383
E.Eminent Domain Act 294F.Military Reservation Act 665
G.Railroad expropriation act 1258,amended 1592
H.Expropriation Procedure Act2826
I.Authentication of Documents Act
2103J.Change of Name Act 1386
K.Tha Naturalisation Law Act 2927
L.Insane Persons Act 2122M.Department of Mindanao
Accessors and Procedures Act 2520 N.Cadastral Act (secs 19-24) 2259
O.Registration of Patents andPatent-rights act 2235 (sec 5)
Chapter 4: the right to enclose the
rural tenementsChapter 5: Unstable bldgs and trees
about to fallTitle III. Co-Ownership of Property
Title IV. Special Properties
Chapter 1: Waters (Sections 1-5)Chapter 2: Minierals
Chapter 3: Intellectual property
-the Copyright Law (Act 3134)Title V. Possession
Chaper 1: Possession of the kindsthereof
Chapter 2: Acquisition of possession
Chapter 3: Effects of possessionTitle VI. Usufruct, Use and
HabitationChapter 1: Usufruct (sections 1-4)
Chapter 2: Use and habitationTitle VII. Servitudes
Chapter 1: Servitudes in general(sections 1-4)
Chapter 2: Legal servitudes(Sections 1-7)
Chapter 3: Voluntary servitudesTitle VIII. The Registry of Property
Book III. The Different Modes of Acquiring Ownership
Title I. Occupation
Title II. DonationsChapter 1: Nature of donationsChapter 2: Persons who can make
and receive donationsChapter 3: effects and limitations of
donationsChapter 4: Revocation and
reduction of donations
Total q articles = 656
--ordinary wills
--joint andmutual wills--qualification of witness to a will
--safeguard in the execution of wills--interpretation of wills
--heir, devisee and legatee
--married woman as testatrix--incorporation by reference
--revocation of wills
--republication and revival of wills--law that governs the validity of
wills--wills executed in foreign countries
--succession--substitution of heirs
--legitime--legal or intestate succession
--abolition of “reservas”--institution of heirs
--substitution of heirs--legitime of compulsary heirs in
testamentary succession--grounds for disinheritance
--legacies and devises--order of payment of legacies and
devises--shares of the heirs in legal or
intestate succession
--right of representation
--right of accretion--precautions when a widow is left
pregnant
--capacity to succeed by will or intestacy--incapacity to succeed
--acceptance and repudiation of inheritance
--executors and administrators--payment of debts and
distributionof estate--collation
--co-ownership and the right todemand partition
-Prescription
E.Book IV
-obligations--extinguishment of obligations
--compensation
-contracts
--consent--cause of contracts
--form of contracts--defective contracts
--exceptional consequences of voidcontracts
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-sales
-lease
--contract for a piece of work
-partnership
-agency-loan
-deposit
-aleatory contracts-compromise and arbitration
-guaranty
-mortgage and pledge--mortgage
--antichresis--chattel mortgage
-obligations without an agreement
--quasi-contracts--quasi-delicts
concurrence and preference of
credits
4.Transitional provisions
5.Repealing clause
6.Suggested procedure in
discussion of project
7.Conclusion
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2. SECONDARY SOURCES
2.1. REPRINTED ACCOUNTS IN SERIAL SOURCE
2.1.1. Blair & Robertson (1907) The Philippine Islands 1493-1898Volume (1-51)/Coverage Contents RelevanceVIII/1591-1593 Preface
Documents of 1591-collection of tributes in PI
-liberty of the Indians (decree of Gregory XIV)
-articles of contract for conquest of Mindanao
-Ordinance forbidding Indians towear Chinese stuff
-Account of encomiendas-letter to Felipe II
-the fortificationof Mla-investigations at Mla concerning
trade with Macao
Documents of 1592
-opinions of the religious
community on the war withZambales
-letter of congratulation to the bishop, clergy and people of PI
-letter to Felipe II-rules for the Manila Hospital
-expedition to Tuy-two letters to Felipe II
-an embassy from Japan. Hideyoshiand others
-3 letters to Felipe II-Luzon menaced by Japanese
Documents of 1593
-letter to governor Dasmarinas,Felipe II, Madrid
-2 royal decrees, Felipe II, Madrid
**Reconstruction of pre-US period
XL/1690-1691 Preface
Documents of 1691-events at Manila, 1690-91
-bibliographical data
Appendix: Ethnological descriptionof the Filipinos
-Native races and their customs
(Colin Francisco 1663)-Natives of southern islands
(Combes Francisco 1667)-letter on the Filipinos (de San
Agustin Gaspar, 1720)-The native peoples and their
customs (de San Antonio JuanFrancisco, 1738)
**Reconstruction of pre-US period
LI/1801-1840 Preface: Outline of events in PI **Reconstruction of pre-US period
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(1801-40) drawn from accounts of
an English naval officer, a Spanishofficial and a merchant familiar
with commerce of the Orient andAmericas.
Documents of 1801-1840-Events in Filipinas, 1801-1840
(Montero y Vidal)
-Remarks on the PI, 1819-22 (anEnglishman, Calcutta 1828)
-Reforms needed in PI (PizarroManuel Bernaldez; 1827)
-Bibliographic data
Appendix:-Representation of Filipinas in
Cortes (various sources)-List of archbishops of Mla, 1581-,
1898 (various sources)
LII/1841-1898 (final volume) Preface
Documents of 1841-1898
-Internal political condition of thePhilippines (Sinibaldo de Mas,
1842)-Matta’s report (Juan Manuel de la
Matta, 1843)-The Philippines 1860-1898: some
comment and bibliographic notes
(James Leroy 1907)-Events in the Liga Filipina (Jose
Rizal, 1892)
-the friar memorial of 1898 (ManuelGutierrez et al, 1898)
-Bibliographic dataAppendix: Agriculture in Filipinas
(Joseph Basco y Vargas et al)
**Reconstruction of pre-US period
2.2. CONTEMPORARY MONOGRAPHS, ACCOUNTS (journals,
periodicals, travelogues)
Yr/Author/Title Content Relevance1846/Mallat, Jean/The
Philippines,History, Geography,
Customs
I.Discovery of PI
II.Continuationof discovery of PIIII.State of the country before
discoveryIV.History of the PI from the death
of Legaspi until todayV.Geography
VI.ClimateVII-IX.Natural History
X.The city of Manila and itssurroundingsXI-XV. Geography of the provinces
**Reconstruction of pre-US period
-Mla: prices of principal objects of
consumption-data on population and tribute- payers by pueblo & province
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(description of 35 provinces)
XVI. Civil and JudiciaryGovernment
-governor general-assessor
-civil fiscal
-the Real Acuerdo-salary of governor general
-alcaldes mayores
-gobernadorcillos-civil guards
-cabezas de barangay-the bilangos (prisoners)
-special administration of provinceof Tondo
-Ayuntamiento of Mla-judiciary administration, it is
defective-delays in criminal trials
-the Real Audencia-fiscals
-trial by the White Cock for Buddish Chinese
XVII:Ecclesiastical government and pious work, public feasts and
ceremoniesXVIII. Military government
XIX. Finances
XX. Physical aspect and customs of the Indios
XXI. Physical aspect and customs
of savage races
XXII. Mores of the sons of thecountry, mestizos and ChineseXXIII. Mores of whites in Mla
XXIV. Idioms in the PIXXV. Public instruction; state of
the sciences, arts and lettersXXVI. Agriculture
XXVII. IndustryXXVIII-XXX. Commerce
General consideration..
-list of salaries of mayors + payment
for trading rights, by province
-Table: criminal cases at theaudencia of PI 1837-41 (Year,
crimes and torts:rebellion/conspiracy, murder.
Theft/fraud, arson, seditiousmeetings/notices, falsehood/perjury,
immorality and scandal,injury/matreatments, total causes +
condemnations or punishments)
1899/Ireland, Alleyne/Tropical
Colonisation- An introduction to
the study of the subject
(cc)
Preface: 3 central questionsaddressed by this monograph in
relation to s-c tropical colonization:-government; labor mobilisation’s
relevance for tropical colonialdevelopment; relation between
tropical colony and sovereign state(periphery-metropole)
I.Introductory (definition of terms:colony, dependency
II.Forms of government in tropical
coloniesIII.Trade and the Flag
**nature, form, and history of imperialism, Age of Empire.
-trade statistics: diagrams showing
value in pounds of total imports intUK from British colonies and
possessions; total exports from
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IV. The earlier aspects of the labor
problem in the Tropics
-analyses the impact of Emancipation and anti-slavery actson labor mobilisation in the colonies
resulting i.a. in the collapse of labor supply; how then to mobilise free
labor, what incentives?
V.The indentured labor system inthe British colonies
VI.The solution of the labor
problem by the Dutch
British colonies and possessions
(1856-1895); exports andmanufactures of UK to British
colonies and possessions (sameyears); total imports into ditto
(years: ibid); total imports into UK
and the sahre of US; total exports of produce and manufactures of UK
showing share of US (yrs: ibid);
comparative import/exports data,UK and US (1878-97); Value of
imports into UK from Britishcolonies and possessions; value of
exports of produce andmanufactures of the UK to British
colonies and possessions (1893-97);value in francs of special import and
export trade of France and share of French colonies and possessions;
trade of some of French colonies in1897; value in pounds sterling of
total imports/exports of Jamaica and proportion in each yr of trade with
France and England; value in pounds sterling of total
imports/exports of Mauritius andannual proportion of trade with
France and England (1878-97);
summary of diagrams 1-9.
-comparative data of mean population, average value of annual
exports and exports per capita insome colonies, 1882-91;
comparative figures on the number of immigrants introduced into
British Guiana, those returning toIndia, value of money and jewelry
taken back to India by returning
immigrants, and number of immigrants who have commuted,
indentured population (male/female)
on the estates, number of east indiandepositors in government savings
bank, total amount to their credit,death rate per 1000 of indentured
immigrants vs colony in general(1878-97);
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-Dutch solution to labor problem in
Java = culture system in 1808,which was gradually relaxed since
1871 by Dutch government.
VII. The colonial problem of the US
(comparative account for Hawaii,Puerto Rico and Philippines)
Appendix: Bibliographic list of works on the subject of colonies and
colonization
1900/Sawyer, Frederick/The
Inhabitants of the Philippines
Chapter II. Spanish government-slight sketch of organisation
-distribution of population-collection of taxes
-the stick
Chapter IV. Courts of Justice-Alcaldes; Audencia, Guradia Civil,
do not hesitate to shoot, Talas
Chapter V. Tagal Crime andSpanish Justice
-The murder of a Spaniard-promptitude of courts
-case of Juan de la Cruz, 12 years in
prison waiting trial-Piratical in Luzon, culprits never
tried; several die in prison
**description of pre-US judicialsystem in PI, with anecdotal data on
crime
-distribution of population by province, 1877
-gives an interesting account of twocriminal cases: one involving a
crime of passion (Juan de la Cruz),another, a class crime (the murder of
the Swede, Alfred Olsen), both
illustrating how the wheels of justice grind exceedingly slow in the
PI.
1905/Willis, Henry Parker/
Our Philippine Problem: A Study
of American Colonial Policy
(cc)
Chapter I: The Philippine Problem
-Phil question a special phase of imperialism
-early realtions to Phil.
-views of different reasoners-President McKinleys original view
-Affairs in Phil-controversies with natives
-protocol of Aug 13 1898-conduct of Americans
-the Paris Conference-President McKinley’s proclamation
-outbreak of war; early policy; progress of war; reaction in public
opinion; demand for independence;President’s Roosevelt’s attitude
Chapter II: The Beginning of Civil
Government-reasons for establishing civil gov;
composition of commission; whythis form of gov was chosen;
military character of rule
-Civil Government Act; its
provisions concerning the
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commission; mode of legislation in
the Phil.; relations betweengovernor and other members;
powers of governor; effect of possible native Assembly; amount
of legislation; attitude of
community
Chapter III: The Phil Civil Service
-organisation of civil service board;changes in membership; work
accomlished; character of examinations
-relative numbers of American andFilipino employees; tabular view,
hanges in relative numbers; alleged preference for Filipinos; working of
present system; distribution of places; character of civil employees;
their competence, high salaries;overorganisation; inadequacy of the
system
Chapter IV: Local Government-creation of provincial governments;
unsatisfactory conditions;establishment of municipalities;
analysis of municipal code and
proviccial code; location of
electoral franchise; real seat of power; authority of “provincial
board”; control by commission;
practical working of localgovernment; theoretical defects; Mr Ireland’s view; the proposed
Assembly; opinions of Filipinos;home rule the real need
Chapter V: The Legal and Judicial
System-System of law analysed
-revision of Spanish code-careless work
-reasons for change-main points of peculiarity
-Habeas Corpus-organisation of courts, jurisdiction,
native opinion of the bench, defects
of mode of appointment; lack of public opinion; some worthy
judges; modes of control; kinds of
testimony admitted in court-oppression of constabulary spies
-demand for jury system-political necessities
-complaints of lawyers-recent prosecutions as example of
methods-Ricarte inssurection; two verdicts;
disturbed conditions
-table: q and salaries of Phil civilservice employees, Americans:
Filipinos in various agencies, 1901-1903
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Chapter VI: The Constabulary and Maintenance of Order
-Original enlistment of natives; thescouts; the constabulary; really a
military force; requirement of local
enlistment; use of scouts withconstabulary; disturbed conditions
in the islands; official attitude; real
character of ladrones; legislation; anera of persecution; reconcentration;
its effects; conditions in Bilibid prison; policy of extreme severity;
case of Simeon Ola; inefficiency of constabulary; bad practices; torture;
failure to punish delinquents;refusal to trust natives; unruly
elements among constables; reviewof charges
Chapter VII: The Control of Public
Opinion-Ignorance of Americans as to Phil
affairs; attitutde of USadministrators; the Senate inquiry;
ineffective methods; absence of reliable news sources in Mla; nature
of dispatches; various methods of
control; restrictions on Mla press; sedition and libel acts; absence of
jury trials; restrictions on words and
letters of civil employees; influence
over the pulpit; control of the stage;absence of freedom of assembly;Mr. Tafts meeting; the Sandico
meeting
Chapter VIII: Political Parties-Difficulty of organising parties; the
Federal party, reasons for itsexistence, its platform, desire for
statehood-Mr Taft’s interpretation
-attempted revision-the national party, its apparent
decadence, real strenght-other parties, labor unions
-ultimate objective of all parties the
same-ideas of “independence”, Mr Taft’s
position
-relations desired with the US-practical demands
-Mabini’s opinion
Chapter IX: The Church Problem-original character of church
problem; agrarian problems; thefriar lands; necessity of purchase;
negotiations; congressional
-q persons affected by
reconcentration policy-growth in prison population 1903
-q prisioners in Bilibid by crime(sentenced, detained)
-landholdings of 3 religious orders
and provincial distribution
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legislation; change of policy in
Rome; friar land act; failure to solve problem; relation to church as such;
concessions of US representatives;desire for American priests; origin
of schism; basis of new Phil
Catholic Church; political charges;economic questions; legal status of
new church; some recent cases of
dispute; work of Protestants, their influence; hostility of Catholics;
unfortunate character of religiouscomplications
Chapter X: American Education in
the Phil.-the education act; corps of
American teachers; Dr Atkinson’swork, difficulties of the teachers;
classification of schools;educational budget; serious
troubles; civil service system for teachers; lack of equipment;
unwisdom of teaching in English;the native dialects; circular of
bureau on school attendance; political functions of teachers; the
lines of reform
Chapter XI: Social Conditions
-General social situation
-character of Americans in islands
-attitude towards natives-the color line, race prejudice-the liquor business
-opium smoking-origin of licensed prostitution
-suppåort of inspection by gov., evileffects
-work of sanitation; Board of Health-epidemic and other diseases; lepers
and insane; poor hospitalaccomodations
-success and failure of Americans
Chapter XII: Economic Legislation-Motives in taking the Phil.; change
in commercial outlook; revisionof
tariff by Commission; commercialsections of the Treaty of Paris; Phil
tariff of 1901; revenues secured;
demand for modification;enforcement of Dingley rates; 14
diamond tings’ case; tariff on Phil products; Phil tariff debate in
Congress; commercial policy; minor tariff provisions; unsatisfactory
situation; original navigation policy;modification by Commission; the
Frye Bill, bad effects, present
-cost of bureau of education and breakdown
-gross import and duties collected
1900-03
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position, need for sound currency;
Mr Conant’s report; action byCongress; the “International
Exchange Commission”, thecharacter of new system; banking;
corporation law; general survey
Chapter XIII: The business
Situation
-importance of foreign trade;detailed analysis of imports; an
anomalous situation; demands of the Army; character of exports;
trade with US; sanguineexpectations of trade; criticism
thereon; the Phil as a market for goods; Americans in business in
Mla; retail trade; reasons for lack of success; export situation; capital
engaged in various industries; tradein American notion of trade
prospects
Chapter XIV: Rural andAgricultural Conditions
-Popular view as to Phil agriculture; bad conditions in rural districts;
congressional relief fund; views of
officials; location of distress;
traveller’s impressions; bad roads;condition of pop.; shortage of rice;
statements of provincial treasurers;
present situation; condition of bldgs; lack of capital and credit;land registration, land taxes, high
agricultural wages, increase in prices; loss of carabaos; government
experiments; lines of relief; prospects in some staples; hekp
exports and cultivation; obstacles toenlarging hemp market; competing
products; the future
Chapter XV: The Exploitation of the Philippines
-exploitation one chief object;elements of problem; desires of
Commission; provisions of Civil
Gov Act; failure to build roads;Public Land Act, ill success thus
far; effect of agricultural
development on natives;exaggerated notion of land areas;
forestry policy; mining situation;franchise policy; guarantees of
interest; lack of local capital; cityfranchises; proposed railway
development, real reason for railway policy; dissatisfaction with
Filipino labor, itrs true quality,
-average annual foreign trade(imports/exports/total) + excess of
exports/imports, 1880-1904-imports of Phil by classes of
articles-exports of Phil by destination and
articles (6 and other countries)1899-1904
-rice importation 1893-1904
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some representative instances;
Chinese immigration; proper linesof development
Chapter XVI: Income and Outgo
-Original condition of the treasury;
progressive decline of surplus;average annual cost of
government;outlay for education,
for public works; division of costs between islands and US; spanish
income;-comparative cost of administration
-spanish taxes reatined byAmericans; certain reductions;
provincial finance-new Internal Revenue Law,
probable results-financial relations with the US
-Army and Navy officers in the civilservice
-the post office-American civil employees in
insular service-economic and fiscal policies
contrasted
Chapter XVII: The Future
-two phases of Philippine problem
-impossibility of colonisation-chance for investment;
opportunities in Oriental trade;
possible field for governmentalexperience; military and navalstatus of the Phil; dictates of self-
interest-natives’ capacity for rule, their
experience, some testimony, allegeddifficulties, time of possible action
-relation of the US to anyindependent Phil. Government
-attitude of US people-necessary changes if US retains
control-Free trade, cheap transportation,
economical gov., probabalities of exploitaiton
-pressing character of Philippine
problem
-Table: condition of Phil Treasury
1898-1905 (receipts, expenditures,surplus or deficit, apparent gross
surplus, actual and free balance)
-data on expenditures; loans andrepayments
-provincial trasure debts to insular government (by province)
-comparative Spanish and Americaninternal revenues
Appendices:1.comparative statement of civil
emplyees in PI 1903 (by nationality,salary; breakdown by bureau and
provincial service); municipal
service of Mla
1906/Foreman, John/The
Philippines
Chapter XI-Domesticated natives, origin,
character
**character description of native/Oriental social-psychology
deceitfulness, selective theft, and
imitativeness contrasts with later statements by Sanger (1903):
natives no race of criminals.
However “under the eye of hismaster he (the native) is the most
tractable of all beings … tries to do just as he is told … follow his
superior like a faithful dog.” (native
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Chapter XXVII: End of war of independence and after
-notorious outlaws-brigands of the old and new type
-some cases of fiendishness
-Montalon and Felizardo outlaw bands
-Guards of Honor
-the Pulahan in gloomy Samar,noble American sacrifices to duty in
Samar -Army and constabulary statistics
-Seditiopus plays-landowner conducive to order
Chapter VIII. The Chinese
Chronological table of leading
events: 1494-1906
aversion to discipline)
-constabulary and army data on:
troop deployment, casualties,captured arms, 1899
1909/Villamor, Ignacio/
Criminality in the Philippine
Islands
(cc)
Introductory: Special Report of the
Attorney General on Criminality inthe PI/Criminal statistics
Remarks on the most common
crimes-questions submitted to provincial
fiscals-classification of crimes
Crimes against public order -summary reports by province of
provincial fiscals
Vagrancy
-conditions in PI-mendicity or pauperism
-decline of vagrancy-causes of this crime
-Manila (other crimes committed byvagrants
-Number of cases, annual average-ratio to total population
Crimes against Property
-annual average (explanation for growth in certain provinces)
-gross total for last 5 years (inselected provinces)
-robbery and theft, estafa, unlawful
entry and detainer, damages andarson
Crimes against the Person-discussion of each category under
this rubric + suide cases
Crimes against public morals
Criminal statistics
1.persons accused of crimes againststate
2.persons accused of crimes against public order
3.-“- falsification/forgery4.Crimes committed by public
officers in the performance of their duties
6.persons accused of crimes against
the person7….against the reputation
8…. against public morals
9…. Against property10….of miscellaneous crimes
11.Cases disposed of by the SC12.registered q of persons accused
in each court13.provincial classification of
persons accused of the crime bandolerismo
14……crime against vagrance15…….against property
--- robbery--- theft
--- estafa--- unlawful entry and detainer
--- arson--- damages
16.provincial classification of
persons accused of crimes againstthe person
--- parricide
--- murder --- manslaughter
--- personal injuries--- assault and battery
--- infanticide
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-discussion of each category
Miscellaneous crimes
-violation of opium law, internalrevenue law, illegal cockfights,
pintacasis, game laws, unfair
competition and fraudulent use of trade-marks
Causes and remedies for mostcommon crimes
-specification of causes of andsuggestionof remedies for crimes
against property, the person, publicmorals, illegal marriage, gambling
etc-education a remedy for these
crimes
Conclusion relative to criminality inPI
-rate of crimes committed-ratio of persons accused, convicted
-crimes punished with arrestomayor, by special laws
(bandolerismo, vagrancy)-decrease in the q criminals and
reasons
-criminality in 1903 (political
crimes)-growth in criminality during later
years
-crimes against state, amnesty proclamation-crimes committed by public
officials-conjugal conditions, importance on
criminality-illiteracy in connection with
criminality-habitual criminals (recidivists):
enactment of law defining and providing for penalty
-criminality among women-juvenile offenders
-Bilibid prison inmates, their number by occupation or trade,
offenses committed
Appendix A.
-Influence of food on criminality
-questions to and answers of certain physicians
-climatological influence oncriminality (action of heat on human
organism, fall of temperature
Appendix B.-list of namesof provincial fiscals
who submitted reports
--- abortion
--- prize fights--- illegal extortion
17.provincial classification of persons accused of crimes against
public morals
--- adultery--- rape and unchaste practices
--- abduction
--- seduction--- bigamy
18.Provincial classification of persons accused of robbery
19….theft20….estafa
21….parricide22….murder
23….manslaughter 24….personal injuries
25….adultery26….rape
27….abduction28….seduction
29. misdemeanors and violations of Manily city ordinances
30.nationality of persons accused of crimes in PI
31.classificationof foreign prisoners
in Bilibid
32.distribution of suicide cases by provinces during the last 5 yrs
33.suicide cases in Mla, ibid
34.provincial classification of Bilib prisoners35.occupation of prisoners prior to
confinement36…..according to instruction
37.classification of persons accusedof crimes during the past regime
according to instruction38.classification according to sex
39.conjugal condition of prisoners40.classification of recidivists
41.q juvenile offenders, receivedand their classification according to
sex42.authorities making the
commitments
43.crimes committed by juvenileoffenders
44.province orcountry of origin of
juvenile offenders45.occupation of juvenile offenders
before confinement46.q criminal cases filed in CFI,
classified annually47.quinquennial groups of the most
common crimes during the pastregime
48…during the present regime
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--- prize fights
--- illegal extortion16.provincial classification of
persons accused of crimes against public morals
--- adultery
--- rape and unchaste practices--- abduction
--- seduction
--- bigamy17.Provincial classification of
persons accused of crimes against property
18.Provincial classification of persons accused of crimes against
the person19.Provincial classification of
persons accused of crimes against public morals
20.Misdemeanors and violations of Manila city ordinances
21. nationality of persons accused of crimes in PI
22. suicide cases in Mla23.suicide cases in city of Mla
24.classification of persons accusedaccording to sex
25.persons accused of the most
common crimes
26……according to sentence27.females accused of crimes
28.classification of accused found
guilty by different CFIs according tosentence 1903-04 to 1908-0929. CFI cases according to age
30……………………… to age31……………. to instruction
32……………. instruction33……………..conjugal condition
34……………..conjugal condition35……place of commission of
crime and by reason of intoxication36…… ibid
37……..by reason of recidivism38……..ibid
39………juveniles between 8-18found guilty in different CFIs,
according to the place of
confinement under Act 143840………ibid
41………according to profession
42. Criminal cases filed in eachcourt
43.Reports from clerks of CFIoutside Mla
44. cases in CFI according to crimescommitted
45.cases registered in CFIs 1903/04,1908/09
46.condition of criminal dockets of
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CFIs
47.period of commission of crimes48.provincial classification of
criminal cases appealed to the SC49.disposition of cases in SC
50.Criminal cases decided by SC
1903/04 & 1908/0951.persons sentenced to capital
punishment and whose sentences
affirmed by SC52.classification of recidivists
53.q juvenile offenders andclassification by by sex
54.authorities making commitments55.crimes committed by juvenile
offenders56.provinces or country of origin of
juvenile offenders57.occupations of juvenile offenders
58. classification of foreign prisoners in Bilibid
59.nativity of Filipino prisoners60.occupation prior to commitment
61.classification of prisoners inBilibid
62.conjugal conditions of prisoners63.changes in prison population
64.distribution of insular prisoners
65.age of prisoners when received
for confinement66.changes in prison population
relative to court by which prisoners
were commited67…….relative to length of sentences of prisoners in
confinement68.q convicts punished
69.changes in prison pop relative tocrimes for which commitments were
made70. provincial prisoners
71.q prisoners in provincial jails72.classification of prisoners in
provincial jails73.statistical report on criminal
cases of courts of justices of the peace (1905-09)
74.Table of averages and
proportions of the cases tried in thecourts of justices of peace based on
figures from 73.
75……ibid76……ibid
77.Preliminary investigations made before the Justice of Peace Courts
not recorded in the office of theclerks of the CFIs
78.Persons wanted by all courts1910 according to Bureau of
Constabulary
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79.q legitimate children born in PI
1903/04 & 1907/0880.q illigetimate children, ibid
81.Comparative statistical table of murders and homicides registered in
US and PI 1903/04
82………. of prisoners in US and PI1904
83……….of crimes against the
person commited in Spain and PI84……..crimes against property
commited in Spain and PI85……..crimes against public
morals in Spain and PI86………cases registered in courts
of Japan and PI87………persons accused of crimes
in Japan and PI88………persons convicted of
crimes in ibid.1914/Worcester, Dean Conant/
The Philippines Past and Present
Vols 1-2
(cc)
1915/Kelly, Amzy B
(cc)
Attorney’s account of a case in
judicial criminality (trial, convictionand execution of General Mariano
Noriel, Mayor Luis Landas andRoman Malabanan in January 27
1915) in which he dcondemns theacts of 3 US chief executives: W
Cameron Forbes, Newton Gilbert
and Francus Burton Harrison.
1.Synopsis of the Noriel case
2.Preliminary case no. 408:
Prelimnary investigation, justice of the peace court of Bacoor, Cavite;
US versus Gregorio Buendia and
Hermogenes Asuncion and othersfor “Assasination” (1909)
3. US versus Gregorio de Guia andHermogenes Asuncion; Criminal
case No. 1666; the beginning of thetrial at CFI, Cavite
4.Criminal Case No. 1713: USversus Gregorio Buendia, CFI,
Cavite (1910)5.No.1666 Again, Diddling,
Piddling and Perjury, first new trial,Gregorio de Guia (1910),
“Corruption of witness defense”6.”The Delay Defense” or Seducing
Higher Authority7.Fifth Century Justice: CFI
Criminal case No. 1713, US versusGregorio Buendia for “Murder”
(1911)
8. Again No.1666 Back to the de
Guia case (1911) CFI Cavite
**a case in point reflecting the
practical workings of colonialcriminal procedures
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9.The missing links discovered
1915 or scraping the bottom anddigging the rascals out, ocular
inspection by justice of peaceFrancisco of Bacoor, Cavite and
Criminal case No 403 preliminary
investigation of Gregorio de Guia10.Carefulness of Carelessness
11.Clearing the path of obstacles
and preparing the way to makeeffective, easy and certain the
conviction of innocent men bymisuse of courts, chief executives,
the press, Bilibid prison and thearmy
12.Beacon lights of God’s eternaltruth. Proclaiming the innocent,
crying out for the right, denouncingthe wrong and exposing the guilty
1917/Elliot, Charles/The Philippines, to the End of the
Commission Government: A
Study in Tropical Democracy
-Introduction
Chapter VI. The Commssiongovernment and its administration
Chapter VIII.Defense and PublicSafety-Army and Navy
-cooperation of civil and militaryauthorities
-the navy, status of army-cost of military establishment
-defense from external enemies
-moral effect of army presence-relations with civil government
-detailed army officers
-organisation of native troops-the scouts
-the constabulary-the municipal police
-seditious movements
**good thumbnail description of early US bureaucracy
-apart from descriptions of
bureaucratic organisation the ff arenoteworthy:
-changes in judicial system byorganic law, tenure of office of
justices, personnel of SC, jurisdiction, CFIs, no juries, native
judges, reorganisation law ,injurious to service, the official
language Spanish retained in the
courts, probable decline of English
1919/de los Angeles, Sixto/Aspecto
General de la Criminalidad en
Filipinas
This is an anthropometric study of
criminality with profuse use of statistics on par with Villamor’s
seminal 1909 work
Capitulo II. Aspecto general de lacriminalidad en Filipinas
Capitulo III. Los Criminales
Filipinos (anthropometrical data)
Capitulo IV. Causas especificas delcrimen en Filipinas
-constitucion mental de los filipinos-el amok de los malayos
-la insensibilidad moral-la inclinacion al vicio del juego
-la supersticion
-el alcoholismo y el vicio de opio
-el pauperismo
Datos estadisticos: (1916/17)
-defectos capitales de nuestrosistema actual
Datos officiales-poblacion carcelaria de Filipinas en
general-cifras de mortalidad carceleria,
general-poblacion carceleria de Bilibid
-promedios diarios y susfluctuaciones
-criminlaidad por provincias-clases de condena
-clases de delito-edad y estado conyugal de los
presos-defunciones y sus causas
-enfermedades
-ocupaciones y criminalidad
-abortos e enfanticidos
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Capitulo VI. Conclusiones(see i.a. en lo que concierne a la
administracion de justicia criminal,regimen penitenciario..)
-valor monetaria de las perdidas
ocasionadas por el crimen enFilipinas
-muertes por suicidio y homicidio-datos comparativos (1902/1917)
1919/Cunningham, Charles
Henry/ The Audencia in the
Spanish Colonies-As illustrated
by the Audencia of Manila
(cc)
Preface/Introduction1.Audencias of Spanish colonies
2.establishment of Audencia in Mla
(1583-98)
3.the judicial functions of Audencia
-i.a. cases involving natives, officialfavoritism
4.the judicial functions of Audencia:the residencia
-i.a. procedures, conduct of trial, atypical case, reforms
5.the semi-judicial andadministrative functions of
Audencia-i.a. conflicts of jurisdiction
6.Audencia and governor general:general relations
7.Audencia and governor: military jurisdiction
8.Audencia and governor:conflictsof jurisdiction
-i.a. excesses of magistrates, privatetrade
9.Audencia and governor: the ad
interim rule10.Audencia and church: the royal
patronage
11.Audencia and church:ecclesiastical jurisdiction
-comparative table over various
Spanish audencias, by q salas,
fiscals, magistrates, salary of regentin pesos and total budget in pesos
-figures showing q crimnal cases
tried in tribunal 1710-1822
1924/Villamor, Ignacio/
Crime and Moral Education
(cc)
Villamor: incumbent associate
justice of the Supreme Court of PI:
In the foreword of Associate Justiceof SC Thomas Street, we find
General Sangers adage thatFilipinos as a race have no
inclination to crime. Here we findVillamor again defending this thesis
as he had done in earlier works withthe help of criminal statistics (which
superficially did reflect risingfrequencies, but which he claims
had been more a function of newlegislations)!!
Crime and Moral Education:
IntroductionSections:
1.Criminality in the Philippinessince 1870-1908
2.Present state of delinquency in PI
Criminal statistics:
-annual average q cases, accused,convicted, 1903-07, 1908-12
-average q cases of common crimes(person, property, chastity), ibid.
-average q for crimes against person
only, ibid.
-average q for crimes against
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3.Influence of hereditary tendencies
on criminal acts4.Propensity to crime
5.Causes of criminality, crimes
against public order 6.Crimes against Property
7.Crimes against the Person8.Suicide
9.Crimes Against Chastityu10.Special Crimes
11.Election Frauds and their
remedies12.Exemplarity of Punishment
13.Prisons and Reformation of
Criminals-Bilibid Prison (internal
government, treatment of prisoners,classification of prisoners, fitness
for work and good conduct of prisoners, prison discipline,
procedure for imposition of punishment, inducement to good
conduct, moral education of
property only, ibid.
-average q for crimes againstchastity only, ibid.
-proportion of different crimes,different groups fo crimes for every
10000, ibid.
-q crimes according to sex, ibid.-influence of education: % accused
according to level of instruction,
ibid.-according to civil status, ibid
-according to age group, ibid-q recidivists, ibid
-all cases filed with justice of peacecourts 1909-12 by sex (infringement
of commission and legislature laws, penal code and municipal
ordinances)
-influence of local conditions:
crimes produced by aggressivetendencies by province and crimes
against person; ration per 10000(still unpublished 1910-12 figures)
-crimes produced by acquisitivetendencies (provinces, crimes
against property, ratio per 10000,
ibid.
-crimes produced by sexualtendencies (ibid)
-influence of sex on crimes (crimes
against person)-influence of age on crimes (ibid)-influence of education on crimes
(ibid)-influence of profession on crimes
(ibid & property crimes, crimesagainst chastity)
-on prisons see also Villamor’s
Penologia Estadistica Criminal(1910)
Appendix A Statistical Data
1.q persons accused of offenses
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prisoner, health conditions,,
corrective aspect of the prison,quasi-military organisation,
Corregidor prisons and provincial jails, place of confinement of
juvenile offenders, San Ramon
Penal colony (Zamboanga), IwahigPenal Colony (Palawan)
14.Remedies against Criminality
Appendix B: Justice and the
Witnesses: description of criminal procedure; comparative cases
against the state 1908-1913, annual
average, ratio per 100002…………public order, iid
3………...falsification and forgery4.Crimes committed by public
officers in exercise of their duties,
ibid5.persons accused of crimes against
the person, ibid
6.persons accused of crimes against public morals, ibid
7….against the reputation, ibid8…. against property, ibid
9…..against personal liberty andsecurity, ibid
10.q persons accused of crimes, ibid11.general classification of persons
accused in different CFIs, ibid12.nationality of persons accused in
CFI, ibid13.classification of persons accused
in criminal cases decided by SC,ibid14………cases registered in
different CFIs according to crimescommited, ibid.
15.general classification of casesregistered in diff CFIs according to
crime committed, ibid.
16……..according to their sentence,
ibid.17……..of accused found guilty by
CFI according to sentence, ibid
18……..according to age, ibid19…………………to sex, ibid20……………… to instruction, ibid
21.comparative q criminal casesfiled in CFI (1970-1908)
22.quinquennial group of the mostcommon crimes (1903-1908)
23-24.ibid (1870-1908)25.general classification of persons
accused according to sentence(1870-1908)
26.general classification of personsaccused in different CFIs by reason
of relapse 1908-191327.classification of juvenile
offenders received in the Hospicio
de San Jose by reason of their sex,ibid.
28.crimes committed by juvenile
offenders, ibid.29.province of country of origin of
juvenile offenders committed toHospicio de San Jose, ibid.
30.general classification of personsaccused of violation of laws of
Commission, Legislature and justiceof peace courts according to age,
1909/10; 1912/13.
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31.General classification of persons
accused of violation of penal codein justice of peace courts, ibid.
32…………..violations of municipal ordinances in justice of
peace courts, according to
judgement rendered, ibid.33…………convicted and
committed by justice of peace courts
to municipal jails for execution of sentence according to laws
violated/sex, ibid.34.misdemeanors and violations of
Mla city ordinances, ibid.35.Comparative table of murders
and homicides in US and PI 1903-04
36……….prisoners in ibid37……………….in Spain and PI
1906-09 (average and ratio)38………crimes against property
committed in ibid.39……….crimes against public
morals in ibid (average and ratio)40………..cases registered in courts
of Japan and PI 1903-0541………..persons accused of
crimes in ibid (average and ratio)
42………..persons convicted of
crimes in ibid (average and ratio)
10….of miscellaneous crimes
11.registered q accused in eachcourt12.provincial classification of
persons accused of the crime bandolerismo
13……. vagrancy14…….against property
1926/Alzate, Manuel A/
Convict Labor in Philippine
Islands
(cc: photostatic and JPEG)
-International Prison Congress (9th
London, 1925): earlier congresses
focused on penal law, trips to penal
institutions + comparative study of different penal systems; successive
ones included a broader spectrum of
expertise beyond prison managersand penologists i.a. lawyers,
physicians, political and socialscientists. The current congress was
attended by a Phil delegate for the
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first time (by then asst director of
prisons, Alzate)
I.Introductopry remarks: revealscurrent penological orientation in
PI: inmate reform and training for
economic competenceII.Brief account of prison
organisation in PI
-Bilibid prison-Iwahig Penal Colony
-San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm-Civil Prison at Fort Mills,
Corregidor -Bontoc Prison
-Provincial JailsIII.Laws governing convict labor
IV.How convict labor is employed-industries taught in Bilibid (depts
A-H + miscellaneous)-convict labor in farm and other
activities in Iwahig Penal Colony-Moro convict labor in San Ramon
Prison and Penal Farm-labor of Igorot prisoners in Bontoc
Prison-convict labor in Fort Mills,
Corregidor and in provincial jails
V.Econojmic and Social Value of
Convict Labor VI.Conclusion:
-Questions raised and addressed:
should convict labor exclusivelyenefit State; how state monopolyover convict labor tally with current
inmate reformatory goal; effect of renumerated convict labor?
-average prison population
-illustrations: plan of Bilibid Prisoncoverng a space of 13 has.; modern
hospital in Bilibid built by inmates;furnitures manufactured by inmates
19257Albert, Mariano/
The Law on Crimes
A textbook for class instruction in
criminal law and an index to thecases on crimes as reported in 45
volumes of Philippine Reports andthose published in Official Gazette
up to Dec 1924. Albert was secondassistant fiscal of the city of Mla
1.Introductory-definition of criminal law
-power to define and punish crimes-relative theories justifying such
power (prevention, self-defense,reformation, exemplarity)
-“The Absolute Theory”: Justice
-sources of Phil criminal law-general rule for application of
penal code provisions to special law
offenses-exceptions to rule
-are court decisions or common lawsources of criminal law?
-characteristics of criminal law
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-application of penal laws
-rules of construction-repeal of penal laws
-effect of repeal of penal laws ingeneral
2.Crime and Misdemeanor
3.Criminal Liability4.Circumstances affecting criminal
liability: exempting circumstances
5.Circumstances affecting criminalliability: mitigating circumstances
6.Circumstances affecting criminalliability: aggravating circumstances
(relating to person, to thing, to place, no. of culprits, number of
offenses committed, impulsivecause of the offense, means or mode
of committing the offense, time) +alternating circumstances (degree of
instruction, relationship, printing,lithography)
7.Penalty-i.a. execution and service of
penalty, penal institutions in PI,classification of prisoners
8.Causes for extinction of criminalliability
9.Civil liability
10.Crimes against internal security
of the state (crimes of treason, thatendanger the peace or independence
of the state, against international
law, piracy)11.Crimes against the fundamentallaws of the state
-lese majeste-crimes against the cortes (Phil
legislature) and its members, andagainst council of ministers
-crimes against the form of government
-crimes committed on the occasionof the exercise of the rights
guaranteed by the fundamental lawsof the state
12.Crimes against public order -rebellion
-sedition
-assaults upon persons in authority-resistance and disobedience
-contempts, insults and threats
against persons in authority-public disorders
13.Forgery and Counterfeiting-forgery fo royal signature
-counterfeiting of seals and marks-counterfeiting of coins
-falsification of documents-fraudulent concealment of property
or business
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-false testimony
-malicious prosecution-usurpation of authority, rank etc
14.
1927/Villamor, Ignacio/
A Brief Study on the Correctional
Code, Vol 3 #7 Philippine PrisonsReview
(cc)
Villamor: Associate Justice of
Supreme Court of PI
-outlines and proposes changes inthe Penal Code drafted by the CodeCommittee composed of jurists and
an eminent criminologist Rafael del
Pan: corrective rather than punitivein orientation
**compare with revised Penal Code
1932
1933/Baja, Emmanuel/
Philippine Police System and its
Problems
(cc)
Baja sums up 20 years of
experience in the field, identifying
problems and suggesting solutionsaddressed to government, public
and the police forces themselves
Part I: Philippine Police Service
Prior to American Sovereignty1.Introduction
2.Police Service during the Spanish Regime
3.The Police system of the erstwhile Philippine Republic
Part II: The Philippine Constabulary
(the National Police)4.The establishment of a national
military police5.The military arms and the
constabulary
6.Military and Police structure7.The functions of constabulary8.Government custodians of
firearms and explosives
9.Discipline in constabulary10.The constabulary academy
11.The constabulary pension system
12.The relation between theconstabulary and municipal police
13.Constabulary policy in non-Christian provinces
Part III: The Local Police Forces
(The Municipal and the CharteredCity Police)
14.A Brief History of the Municipal Police
15.The municipal police at work 16.The city police of Manila
17.The city police of Baguio
Part IV: Philippine Police Problems (Politics, Internal
Administration, and Corruption)18.Politics and the police
19.The Public, press, courts and the
Police
20.Vice law enforcement, the
-mid-1800s (undated) by rank and qof police forces in various
detachments; data on guardia civilforces 1867, 1872
-statistics on licensed firearms
1910-1932
-data on pension fund: amount after
disbursement, disbursement, 1922-1931
-causes for suspension 1924-28(exec bureau)
-original composition of city police1901; divisions of manila police
force 1930-32; comparative data on police force (Mla vs 3 foreign cities)
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community and the police
21. The opium law enforcement andthe police
22.Gambling and the police23.Government officials and the
police on gambling
24.Corruption in our police service25.Police procedures
26.Bribery and the police
27.Gifts: Gift givers and policement28.Prostitution and the police
29.Secret societies and the police30.A police pension system
31.A police training school isneeded
32. The non-professional police33.Philippine police statistics
-constabulary activities in
enforcement of Opium Law (q raids,arrested and worth of confiscations,
1920-32)-constabulary statistical records on
gambling (q raids, arrested, money
confiscated 1920-32)
Police Statistics
-strength of constabulary 1901-1932-strength of municipal police forces
-cost of constabulary maintenance(total expenditure, strength and
maintenance cost per capita 1901-32)
-cost of municipal policemaintenance 1906-31
-police expenditures of charteredcities, annual and cost per capita
1900-32-municipal police salaries by
province 1926-31-income exclusive of bonds sold and
expenditures for police maintenanceof insular, municipal and chartered
city government 1921-32; % incomefor police service computed from
the average of each government
entity 1921-30
-gross revenue of municipality,maximum q policement, max
monthly salary of each policeman
-police expenditures per sq mile-police ratio to population
1938/Hurley, Vic/
Jungle Patrol: The Story of the
Philippine Constabulary
(cc)
Introduction1.A setting and a mood
2.Remember Balangiga3.Birth of the jungle police
4.Sputter of insurrection5.The “popes”
6.The pulajans7.Banditry
8.Patrol9.The bloody island (Samar)
10.The strength of the hills11.Magnificent outpost
12.The regular in Samar 13.Mohammedans
14.Years shot with flame: 1906-1907
15.Magnificent youngsters
16.The lengthened patrol17.Death on the kris
18.The second decade
19.The last of the cottas20.Synthetic peace
21.The end of the corps
**description of anti-insurgencycampaign before and after official
hostilities between native rebel andUS forces ceased in 1902. Sketches
encounters in areas outside civiliancontrol.
Appndix: Pay deductions from
various ranks for retirement pay of constabulary force.
1939/Rodriguez, Eulogio/ Rodriguez: acting director, National **biography of Villamor, Ignacio
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Ignacio Villamor – The Savant
and the Man
Library ***more recent brief biographies of
Villamor can be found in Manuel &Manuel’s (1995) Dictionary of
Philippine Biography, Vol. 4QC:Filipiniana Publications (pp
545-53)
120