criminal investigation unit 1 lecture. criminal investigation: a method for reconstructing the past...
TRANSCRIPT
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Criminal Investigation Unit 1 Lecture
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Criminal Investigation: A Method for Reconstructing the Past5th edition
By James W. Osterburg and Richard H. Ward
Copyright © 2007Matthew Bender & Company, Inc., a member of the LexisNexis GroupNewark, NJ
877-374-2919
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Avoiding Plagiarism
Always Use APA in-text Citations
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Course Outcomes
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Administrative Issues
How do I access my Text?
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Doc Sharing- Your Syllabus
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Doc Sharing- Seminar PowerPoints
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Administrative Issues How do I access my Text? How do I do well in the seminars?
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How do I do Well in the Seminars? Read your Chapters prior to the Seminar Arrive 10 minutes early Dedicate the hour to the Seminar Have your text and notes in front of you Ask Questions Respond to Instructor Questions Additional Suggestions?
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READRead Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
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Administrative Issues How do I access my Text? How do I do well in the seminars? When are my assignments due?
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When are my Assignments Due? Easter Time (ET) is the standard at Kaplan. All
times mentioned are Eastern time The academic week starts on Wednesday at 1 second
after Midnight and ends at Midnight on the following Tuesday
All assignments are due by the end of the academic week in which the unit falls; therefore, assignments are due on Tuesday by Midnight
If your assignment is going to be late, contact the instructor
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Administrative Issues How do I access my Text? How do I do well in the seminars? When are my assignments due? How do I contact my instructor if I need help?
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How do I contact my instructor if I need help? E-mail- [email protected] Office hours
Monday, 9:00 P.M. - 10:00 P.M. ET - (AIM)
Sunday, 8:00 P.M. – 9:00 P.M. ET - (AIM)
AIM when you see me online Other times as arranged Virtual Office in Course Platform
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Administrative Issues How do I access my Text? How do I do well in the seminars? When are my assignments due? How do I contact my instructor if I need help? How do I use the Writing Center?
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Accessing the Writing Center
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READRead Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read
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Administrative Issues Are there any additional questions? Are you confident that you know how to do
well in this course? How many of you have read you syllabus?
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Effective ReadingHow to effectively and efficiently read your textbook
1. Survey
2. Read
3. Record4. Review
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Survey
Before you begin reading a chapter, survey the chapter as a whole. The idea is to get an overview of the materials and to see how the chapter is organized. If you look over the main ideas and structure you will be better able to comprehend the materials.
Examine the title of the chapter, the headings and the subheadings.
Preview the learning objectives and the overview at the beginning of the chapter.
Look over the figures, tables, charts, and the definitions of key words that are printed in the margins. Finally look over the summary and review at the end of the chapter. After doing this, you will have a good idea of the overall content and structure of the chapter.
Read Actively
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Read Read through the chapter thoroughly. Keep the learning objectives at the beginning of the chapter in
mind when you are reading and try to answer the questions. (This will help you focus your attention on the content of the chapter.)
If you read actively you will be more involved in the materials which will increase your understanding and retention of the material.
Continue to look for answers to questions when you are reading. Some of the headings in the text are framed as questions; try to find
the answers to these questions as you read. You can also turn headings into questions for you to answer. For
example, if the heading is “Planning”, ask yourself what is planning; then look for the answer as you read the section.
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Record Make records of the material in the chapter. You can highlight, underline, make notes in the
margins of the textbook, or make separate notes. Look for the main points when you highlight or
take notes. This will bring another dimension to your reading and keep the learning process active.
Try to make the most important points stand out. This will help you remember the information.
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Review Read over your notes or highlighted information. Reviewing is important for retention of the material. Recite (aloud or to yourself) the highlights of what you
have read. Ask yourself questions, using questions from the book or
your own. Answer questions in your own words. You should review right after completing each
assignment and periodically to help you retain the information.
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Chapter 1
The InvestigatorResponsibilities and Attributes; Origins and Trends
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Determine whether a crime has been committed
Verify jurisdiction Discover all facts, collect physical evidence,
and follow up on clues Recover stolen property Identify the perpetrator or eliminate a suspect Locate and apprehend the perpetrator Aid the prosecution by providing evidence
of guilt that is admissible in court Testify effectively as a witness in court
Responsibilities of the Investigator
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Wickersham Commission (the “third degree”) Hans Gross (father of forensic investigation) Francis Galton (fingerprint science) Paul Uhlenhuth (precipitin tests for blood
species) Calvin Goddard (comparison microscope) Edmond Locard (first police laboratory,
France) Paul Kirk (criminalistics)
The Development of Investigative Methods
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Chapter 2
Physical Evidence:Development, Interpretation, Investigative Value
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Wet chemistry Instrumental chemistry Firearms and toolmarks Questioned documents Fingerprints Photography Lie detection Voice spectroscopy
Criminalistics Disciplines
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Identification The classification process by which an
entity is placed in a pre-defined, limited, or restricted class
Identity Established when the physical evidence
is linked to the suspect
Identification vs. Identity
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Help establish elements of a crime
Link the crime scene or victim to the perpetrator (associative evidence)
Reconstruct how the crime was committed
Induce an admission or confession
Protect the innocent
Provide expert testimony in court
Role of the Crime Laboratory
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Fingerprints Firearms Blood Semen, other biological material
(DNA profiling) Document examinations Glass Trace evidence
Clue Materials as Information Sources
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Chapter 13
Reconstructing the Past:Methods, Evidence, Examples
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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People
Physical Evidence
Records
Sources of Information
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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INDUCTION specific > general
a posteriori reasoning
DEDUCTION general > specific
a priori reasoning
CLASSIFICATION systematic arrangement of objects into categories
based on shared characteristics
Definitions
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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SYNTHESIS the combining of separate parts or elements
ANALYSIS separating a whole into parts for individual study
HYPOTHESIS an assertion that tentatively accounts
for a set of facts
THEORY a somewhat verified hypothesis, with
assumptions chosen to fit empirical knowledge
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
Definitions
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State the problem
Form the hypothesis
Collect data by observing and experimenting
Interpret data as a test of the hypothesis
If data support hypothesis so far, collect additional data
Draw conclusions
The Scientific Method
Osterburg & Ward, 2007
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Criminal Investigation Unit 1 Lecture