CRIMINOLOGICALCRIMINOLOGICAL

What is RESEARCH all about?• Research includes any gathering of data,

information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. (M. Shuttleworth)

• Research is simply the process of finding solutions to problem after thorough study and analysis of the situational factors.

• It is gathering of information needed to answer a question, and thereby help in solving a problem.

What are the types of RESEARCH?

• Quantitative Research usually involves collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn.

Four (4) main types of quantitative designs: descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental.

• Qualitative Research is the approach usually associated with the social constructivist paradigm which emphasizes the socially constructed nature of reality. It is about recording, analyzing and attempting to uncover the deeper meaning and significance of human behavior and experience, including contradictory beliefs, behaviors and emotions.

Types of Qualitative Research•Case Study -shed light on a phenomena by studying in-depth a single case example

•Grounded Theory - understand the social and psychological processes

•Phenomenology - describes the structures of experience

•Ethnography – focuses on the sociology of meaning through close field observation of sociocultural phenomena

•Historical - systematic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrences

What is a VARIABLE?

• A variable is defined as anything that  varies or changes in value. It usually takes two or more values. (categorical & numerical)

What are the types of VARIABLES?

• Continuous Variable that can be divided in fractions

• Discontinuous Variable that has limited number of distinct values, meaning categorical

• Independent and Dependent Variables

The one that identifies forces or conditions that act on something else, independent . The variable that is the effect or is the result or outcome of another variable is the dependent variable.

• Moderating Variable - is one that has a strong contingent effect on the independent variable-dependent variable relationship, it also modifies the original relationship between the independent and the dependent variable.

• Intervening VariableIt comes between the independent and

dependent variables and shows the link or mechanism between them. 

How to START?

• Find a topic• Read, Think, Throw-away, Present • If OK, start writing your paper.

How to find a TOPIC?• Identifying specific problem• Determine the factors caused by or

contributory to the problem.• Know those people who can help you

solving the problem. (respondents)

Simple Guide in THESIS WRITING• Think of a specific PROBLEM .The problem should be

relevant to your field or profession.• Come-up with SUB-PROBLEMS, in the form of questions

based on the major problem, as well as the HYPOTHESES.• Prepare a communication letter to the concern agency (GO,

NGO or CIVIC) to access to any documents related to your study.

• Formulate a survey-questionnaires, guidelines in the conduct of interview and observation.

• Identify the PARADIGM OF STUDY• Start researching and writing on the related literatures,

studies and theories. (Chapters 1, 2 & 3)• Identify the RESEARCH DESIGN, including data gathering

tools, procedures and how the data will be treated.

• Identify your respondents and conduct sampling to determine the reliability of your questionnaires or interview.

• Float or give your questionnaire to the respondents who agreed to participate to your study and answer the same. Be sure to collect them back. If necessary, seek the approval of the office or agency concerned in your research to avoid problems in the future.

• Apply proper statistical tools to treat the data collected.• PRESENT the data in textual, tabular and graphical form.• ANALYZE and INTERPRET the data PROPERLY.• Make a conclusion and recommendation based on the data

collected.

• Definition of Terms• Write your references properlyGarcia,G.: 2003: Fundamental Concepts and Methods in

Statistics: UST Publishing House: Manila, Philippines.

Dolfo,G. and Canete, A.: 2012: Drug Education and Vice Control: Wiseman Publishing: Quezon City, Philippines.

Dolfo, G. et. Al.: 2012: Drug Education and Vice Control: Wiseman Publishing: Quezon City, Philippines.

• Be sure that all APPENDICES were properly attached

• Curriculum Vitae

NOTE: Observe the technical requirements in the preparation of your manuscript.

READY FOR DEFENSE

If successfully DEFENDED, furnish the concern agency of a copy of your research.

CAN YOU PREPARE ONE?

TIPS

3READ – TO SPEAK

EAD – TO WRITE

EAD – TO LEARN & BE INFORMED

KEY TO SUCCESS

GALING

BOY

DETERMINASYON

BOY is a Zambal term meaning “at” in Filipino or Tagalog.

THANK YOU…

GODYSON

BORJA

DOLFO