CRISES OF THE LATE MIDDLE

AGES

CALAMITOUSca·lam·i·tousextremely unfortunate: causing great trouble, tragedy, or disaster

GEOGRAPHY

Europe in 1400

GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE IN 1400From 1300-1400 states consolidated their

holdings = fewer small states

Major states at this time:England Union of Kalmar = Norway, Sweden,

DenmarkScotland Poland-LithuaniaPortugal BohemiaFrance HungaryAustria Wallachia (= Romania today)Ottoman Empire

Do not yet exist as we know them today:Spain, Italy, Germay = still not unitedRussia = still under Mongol Yoke (1237-1480)

THE GREAT SCHISMWhat is a “schism”?

splitWhat do you think

split?

What are the 2 things we’ve recently discussed have weakened the power of the pope. Crusades Black Plague

CRISIS #1

Many village priests ____________.

Bishops sold ___________. This called simony.

Kings were appointing ___________.

THREE PRACTICES THAT WEAKENED THE CHURCH

married

positions

bishops

1. French pope electedA. Capital moved from Italy to France (weakened the church)

2. French pope dies; people want an Italian pope

3. Italian pope is chosen; people later regret decision

THE GREAT SCHISM 0F 1378 – CRISIS #1

1. Another French pope is elected

A. There are TWO popes (Great Schism)!

2. Resolution: a THIRD pope

3. Final resolution: council forces all three popes to resign

4. Picked a new pope greatly weakened papacy

THE GREAT SCHISM

After Charlemagne passed away, did an emperor have control over Europe?Lords had powerCreation of HRE

Because towns were growing, government was starting to develop

What do you think the first two countries to develop out of Western Europe England and France

BEFORE WE GET TO CRISIS #3…

England was founded by the Angles “Land of the Angles”

A non-Anglo, William the Conqueror invades England in 1066.

Juries are introduced by Henry II (1154-1189) in English courts

John (1199-1216) agrees to the Magna Carta in 1215.• Limited the king’s power • Gave rights to the people

Edward I (1272-1307) calls the Model Parliament in 1295.

QUICK HISTORY OF ENGLAND

Hugh Capet increases the territory of France.

Phillip II wanted to make a strong government Established bailiffs to preside over

courts and collect taxes Louis IX (1226-1270) creates a

French appeals court. Royal court could overturn local

courtsPhilip IV (1285-1314) adds Third

Estate (commoners) to Estates General Commoners were now part of the

law making process

QUICK HISTORY OF FRANCE

Who do you think it was between?

CRISIS #3: THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR

The last Capetian king left no heir in France. Only his grandson, Edward III

However Edward III, was the king of England

Lasted from 1337-1453 (116 years)

LEADING TO THE WAR…

Feelings of nationalism in both countries Pride in fighting for

king/countryFrench monarch gains powerEngland – war of the Roses

Some think this is the end of the Middle Ages Feudalism and religion had

died

EFFECTS OF HUNDRED YEARS WAR