crisis action planning course of action development unclassified jtf training
TRANSCRIPT
Crisis Action Crisis Action PlanningPlanning
Course of Action DevelopmentCourse of Action Development
UNCLASSIFIED
JTF Training
Restated Mission Statement
O/O, CCDR CJTF will conduct Foreign Disaster
Humanitarian Assistance in support of the
Government of Cameroon to relieve the
suffering associated with Volcano OKU.
CCDR USAFRICOM CJTF will establish and deploy forces to forward operating bases to alleviate suffering in devastated areas. In coordination with the appropriate consular or AMEMBASSY personnel, US forces will provide mobility and logistics support capabilities to enhance HN efforts in response to the crisis. US forces will limit operations to essential life sustaining operations and where feasible will hand off FHA/DR function to other agencies as soon as practical. Close coordination with other USG agencies, NGO, and IGO will facilitate operations and eliminate duplication of efforts. When directed US forces redeploy to home station and reconstitute for future contingencies.
ENDSTATE. Success is defined as a minimized loss of life and human suffering of displaced persons, the scope of the crisis no longer exceeds the capacity of the host nations, and all US personnel are redeployed to home station.
Commander’s Intent
COA Development Overview COA Development Overview
•Analyze information associated with a current situation•Components, techniques and procedures for conducting an operational-level mission analysis for a Joint Task Force (JTF)–Suggested input into planning process–Logistical shortfalls in planning process–Adequate, feasible and acceptable COAs –COA steps–Center of gravity, task priorities, and phasing sketch
Reference
JP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint OperationsJP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint Operations
JP 5-00.2 JTF Planning JP 5-00.2 JTF Planning Guidance & ProceduresGuidance & Procedures
MNF SOPMNF SOP
JP 4-0 LogisticsJP 4-0 Logistics
CJCS 3500.05A JTF HQ CJCS 3500.05A JTF HQ Master Training GuideMaster Training Guide
JP 5-0 Joint Operation PlanningJP 5-0 Joint Operation Planning
MULTINATIONAL FORCE STANDING OPERATING
PROCEDURES(MNF SOP)
Version 1.6February 2006
Key Points
Crisis Action Planning (CAP) Procedures:
• Three process• Key Documents– Warning & Alert Orders– Commander’s Estimate
• Requires Concurrent & Collaborative Planning
Develop a Military Course of Action
CAP Functions
I Situational Awareness
II Planning
III Execution
CAP Process Features
•Rapid Exchange of Information•Analysis of situations affecting possible Courses of Action (COAs)•Developing valid COAs•Comparison COA•Recommended/Selecting the best COAs•Coordinating plans & order supporting execution
9
Function II – Planning
IIPlanning
WarningOrder
CDR’sEstimate
CDR’sEstimate
CCDR’sWarning
Order
JTF PLANNING
ISituational Awareness
IIIExecution
JFC
JTF Tasks:• Mission Analysis• Issue Planning Guidance• Issue Warning Order• Develop COAs• Develop Staff Estimates• Analyze COAs• Compare COAs• Recommend COA • Submit CDR’s Estimate
NationalAuthorities
Supported Supported CCDRCCDR
Course of Action (COA) Development
• The COA consist of the following information:
– WHO will take the action– WHAT type of military action will occur – WHEN the action will begin– WHERE the action will occur– WHY the action is required (purpose)– HOW the action will occur (method of
employment of forces)
Joint Pub Joint Pub 5-05-0
COA Development
• To develop COAs, the staff must focus on key information to make decisions, using the data from mission analysis.
• The Staff develops COAs to provide options to the commander.
• Focus on Centers of Gravity and Decisive Points
•All COAs selected must be valid
Develop Initial COAs
“The hub of all power and movement, on which everything
depends. That is the point against which all of our energies
should be directed.” Carl von Clausewitz
Center of Gravity (COG) Center of Gravity (COG)
Information
Social
Military
Economic
Infrastructure
Political
Joint Operation Planning Process
Initial Test for Validity
• Test for adequacy
• Test for feasibility
• Test for acceptability
• Ensure COAs are distinguishable
• Test for completeness
Course of Action Characteristics
Adequate
• Does it accomplish the mission?• Does it meet the Combatant Commander’s and CJTF’s intent?• Does it accomplish all the essential tasks?• Does it allow the CJTF to meet the conditions for the end state?• Does it take into consideration the enemy and friendly centers
of gravity?
Feasible
• Can accomplish the mission within the established time, space, and resource limitations?– Will those resources be available in the
JOA in time? Forces/Capability Transportation Resupply Facilities
- Can the COA be carried out within the physical environment’s constraints?
• Must balance cost and risk with the advantage gained.
• Does it contain unacceptable risks?
• Does it take into account the limitations placed on the CTF?
• Does it contribute to the higher commander’s strategic objectives?
• Can it be accomplished within external constraints, particularly ROE?
Acceptable
Risk MatrixRisk Matrix
Impact
Likelihood
HIGH
LOW
No HNS
Early EOM
Fall of Gov. C2
LOG C2Distro Probls
HIGH
Distinguishable
• Are the COAs sufficiently different from each other
• COAs can be different when considering...– Focus or direction of main effort– Scheme of maneuver (land, air, maritime,
special ops)– Primary mechanism for mission
accomplishment– Task Organization– Use of reserves
COA Development
COA 2 includes all of COA 1
COA 3 includes all of COAs 1 & 2
COA 1
COA 2
COA 3
Nested COAsWhat to Avoid What to Avoid
COA Planning Enablers
• Planning considerations in developing different COAs
-Joint Force Capabilities (operational fires and maneuver, deception)
-Joint Force Organizations
-Combinations of elements of operational design (phasing line of operations and so forth)
-Commander and staff risk assessment
-Intelligence updates
Joint Pub 5-0
Complete
• Are the COAs technically complete? Must incorporate:
– Objectives, effects and tasks to be performed
– Major forces required– Concepts for development, employment
and sustainment– Time estimates for achieving objectives – Military end state and success criteria
COA Planning Enablers
Joint Force
Commander’s (JFC)
Planning Guidance
JFC Initial Intent
Initial Staff
Estimates
Joint Intelligence
Preparation of the
Operational
Environment
Revised Staff Estimates
COA Alternatives including -Tentative task organization -Deployment concept -Sustainment concept
COA Development
Key Inputs
Key Outputs
Prepare COA
•Develop COA sketch(s)
•Deployment/Sustainment Concept
• Operational design–Phasing–Line of operations
COA 1 COA 1
HOME BASE
US
Country 2
C2 HUBCountry 1
APODAPOD
SPODSPOD
ALOCALOC
ALOCALOC
UnrepUnrep COA 1Sail direct to Country 2Deploy land forces to
Country 1 -- to control flow of troops into Country 2
COA 2 COA 2
HOME BASE
Country 1
APODAPODSPODSPOD
ALOCALOC
UnrepUnrep COA 2Sail and deploy land forces
direct to Country 1
28
Example Sketch
This phase completes the introduction of combat forces (Phase II) and begins offensive operations to evict all aggressors from the sovereign territory of Blueland. Operations will be conducted along two axes. Phase is complete upon restoration of territorial integrity of Blueland.
MARFOR:O/O conduct offensive operations to securenorthern approachesto City TARFOR:Deploy ACR to forwardAA. O/O conduct offensive operations to clear central and southernapproaches. Air Aslt/AbnBde est. opnl reserve andrear area defense.AFFOR:Maintain air superiority.Conduct AI and strat atkoperations.NAVFOR:No changeJSOTF:No change
PHASE THREE: Decisive Action
C+31 to C+60
City T
City G
XX
X
29
Example Phasing/Task Distribution
DEPLOYMENT SHAPING DECISIVE OPS TRANSITIONHalt, Protect & Defend Eject & Eliminate
Init
iate
IO C
amp
aig
n
HA
Co
ord
BP
T N
EO
Est
ablis
h F
OB
AIR
Su
per
iori
ty
MA
RIT
IME
Su
per
iori
ty
BP
T C
M
Pro
tect
/Def
end
Gu
pp
ie/N
essi
e/S
LO
Cs
IDP
MG
MT
EP
W M
GM
T
BP
T M
IO
Sei
ze S
aip
an
Sei
ze T
inia
n
HA
- S
aip
an/T
in
Elim
inat
e P
iran
ha
Ab
ility
to
Pro
j Pw
r
Fre
edo
m o
f N
avig
atio
n
HA
Tu
rno
ver
Tu
rn o
ver
to H
N F
orc
es
Red
eplo
y
CFLCC X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XCFMCC X X X X X X X X X X X XCFACC X X X X X X X X X X X XCSOTF X X X X X X XCPOTF X XCMOTF X X X X X XCCTF X X X X X
- Phase Main Effort/Task Supported Commander - Task Supported Commander - Task Supporting Commander
(Example) Log Effects Matrix(Example) Log Effects Matrix
PHASE 1
Pre-Deployment
PHASE 2
Deploy/ RSOI/
Coalition Force
Integration
PHASE 3
Move
PHASE 4
Prevention &
Stabilisation
PHASE 5Offensive Ops/
Assistance/ Stabilisation/ Deterrence
PHASE 6
Handover
LOG build-up
LOG INTEGRATION
RSOI
RECOVER
SUSTAIN
SUPPORT LOG C2 OF UN/IO/NGO AGENCIES
Joint Operation Planning Process
COA Wargaming
The Commander and Staff will Analyze each tentative COA separately and identify advantages and disadvantages of eachProposed COA.
The analysis of COAs should reveal the following factors: Potential decision points Task organization adjustments Data for use in a synchronization matrix or other decision making tools Identification of plan branches and sequels Identification of high-value targets A risk assessment. COA advantages and disadvantages Recommended CCIR’s
COA Wargaming Steps
1. Prepare for Wargaming
-Gather tools-List and review Friendly forces-List and review enemy forces-List known critical events-Determine participates-Determine enemy COA-Select wargaming method-Select a method to record & display results (Syn Matrix)
2. Conduct Wargaming and assess
-Purpose of wargaming (identify gaps)-Basic methodology-Records results
3. Output of wargaming:
-Results of wargame brief Potential decision points Governing factors Potential branches and sequels Revised staff estimates Refined COAs
-Feedback through the COA decision brief
COA (MARITIME)COA (MARITIME)
HOME BASE
US
Country 1
Country 2
APODAPOD
SPODSPOD
Refueling Operation
s
Refueling Operation
s
Refuel Operations
Refuel Operations
USNS COMFORT
USNS COMFORT
COA reflects refueling shortfall in support
of timeline and distance
Joint Operation Planning Process
COA Comparison
Advantages &
Disadvantages
Wargaming Results
Governing Factors
Revised staff
estimates
Evaluated COAs
Recommended COA
COA Selection Rational
Revised Staff Estimates
COA Comparison
Key InputsKey Outputs
COA Comparison
Weighting COA 1 COA 2Simplicity 2 4 8
Efficiency 4 4 16
Cooperation 4 8 12
Agility 3 12 9
Flexibility 3 12 3
Force Protection
5 0 5
Robustness 4 12 12
C2 5 10 15
Political 2 6 4
Logistics Footprint
3 6 12
Total 84 96
Example
Joint Operation Planning Process
COA Approval
The staff determines the best COA to the commander.
The staff briefs the commanders on the COA comparison (approval inputs and outputs)
The staff briefs the comparison and analysis and wargaming results.
The commander selects a COA or forms an alternate COA. - Direct revisions to COAs - Combinations of COAs - Additional COAs
Joint Operation Planning Process
Products JTF Plan
• Basic Plan/OPORD - Paragraph 4, Administration and Logistics
• Annex D - Logistics• Annex L – Environmental
Considerations• Annex P – Host-Nation Support• Annex Q – Medical Services• Others as appropriate (Contracting,
etc.)
Questions?