crisis and absolutism in europe
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Crisis and Absolutism in Europe. The Wars of Religion. Religious Wars. Mid-Late 1500s (16 th Century) With the Reformation, Christianity breaks into different groups – groups don’t get along Catholicism and Calvinism become militant Win converts and eliminate other’s authority - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Crisis and Absolutism in Europe
The Wars of Religion
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Religious Wars
Mid-Late 1500s (16th Century) With the Reformation, Christianity breaks
into different groups – groups don’t get along
Catholicism and Calvinism become militant Win converts and eliminate other’s
authority Main battleground = France
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St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572 Battle between
Huguenots and Catholics
Huguenots massacred on wedding day of Henry of Navarre (in line to be king) who is Huguenot
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Henry IV Henry survives and eventually becomes king but only because…
He converts to Catholicism
Edict of Nantes (1598) – Catholicism official religion (Huguenots rights of worship)
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Henry IV
Eventually stabbed for being too wishy-washy
But Henry and other monarchs begin gaining power as Catholic Church loses it
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Spain Philip II - “Most
Catholic King” Tries to expand
Spain’s territory and spread Catholicism
Crushed Calvinism in Netherlands
Tried to attack Protestant England…
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England
Elizabeth I in power Repealed laws
favoring Catholics Religious tolerance –
though moderate Protestantism ruled
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Spanish Armada
Spain’s navy largest of its time
1588 loses major battle to England (and a storm)
Beginning of end of Spain’s power
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Spain weakens
Quick wealth from American colonies creates inflation
Buys more (from England and France) than they sell
Spain goes bankrupt
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Thirty Years’ War (1618 - 1648) Ends Peace of
Augsburg Fought in Germany,
Austria, Spain Conflict over religion,
territory, and power Originally Catholic vs.
Protestant More on this later
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Result of religious wars and crisis…
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Absolutism in Europe Theory of Absolutism
• Rulers want to be absolute monarchs (rulers with complete power)
• Believe in Divine Right of Kings (DROK) – idea that monarchs represent God on earth
• Decline of feudalism helps monarchs gain power
• Decline in church authority increases power
• Monarchs impose order by increasing own power
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France
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France
Louis XIII Son of Henry Weak king, but had
strong advisor Advisor was Catholic
Cardinal (Richelieu)
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Cardinal Richelieu
Weakened Huguenots’ power
Wanted to make France strongest country in Europe• puts France in 30
Year’s War
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Louis XIV (The Sun King)
L’etat c’est Moi I am the State France is ruled by
Richilieu’s successor Cardinal Mazarin until Louis takes full power (age 23)
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Louis XIV
Hated the nobles (scared they would revolt) - weakens their power
Moved nobles into his palace
Ends 30 Years’ War (France becomes strongest country)
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Versailles (Louis palace)
500 cooks, waiters, servants
4 men help him get dressed
Versailles cost 2 billion (current equivalency)• 2,000 rooms• 1,400 fountains
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End of Louis XIV
People glad when he died
France has no money (spent it all on war)
Leads to French Revolution