Crisis Around the World

Chapter 27

Soviet Union• Communists

– Blend of Karl Marx and Lenin– Rule by the proletariat

• “workers of the world, unite!”

– Violent revolution– State owns means of production– Secret police and forced labor camps

• New Economic Policy – 1921 – New Economic Policy (NEP) – government no longer took food from farmers– peasants allowed to sell extra products – workers would start small factories and workshops – larger industries, banks, and foreign trade – still controlled by government

Joseph Stalin• Worldwide spread of Communism• Revolution by workers • Eventual rule by working class• State ownership of property• Five Year Plan• Command Economy• Great Purge

Upheaval in the West:The Great Depression

• Germans would not forget the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles– “war guilt” clause --- Alsace-Lorraine– Reparations --- demilitarized Rhineland– Disarmament

• Inflation & unemployment made it hard for Europe to repay loans

• Lots of loans & buying items on credit hid economic problems• Sept 1929 – US stock market falls apart• Banks fail – people lose their savings• Tariffs help spread Great Depression around the world • British Empire into Commonwealth: Ireland, Canada,

Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

China• May Fourth Movement

– Reaction to Japanese colonization and influence– Reforms to strengthen China

• Nationalists– Goumindang/Koumintang– Sun Yat-sen– Jang Jeishi/Chiang Kai-shek – Hated Communists but hated Japanese more

• Communists– Mao Zedong– Hated Nationalists but hated Japanese more

• The Long March– 1934 – forced march of Communists – many died– Almost the last stand for Communists – saved by Japanese

invasion

Southeast Asia

India

Fascist Italy

Nazi Germany

Chose a World Leader

• Candidate A: Associates with crooked Politicians and consults with astrologers. He’s had two mistresses. He also chain smokes and drinks 8-10 martinis a day.

• Candidate B: He was kicked out of office twice, sleeps until noon, used opium in college and drinks a quart of whiskey every evening.

• Candidate C: He’s a decorated war hero. He’s a vegetarian who doesn’t smoke, drinks an occasional beer and hasn’t had any extramarital affairs.

Consider the following information. This is all you know about the candidates. (Notice, you are given nothing about their political ideas.) If you think you know who any of these candidates rally are DO NOT SAY ANYTHING!

FDR (A) and Winston Churchill (B)

Adolph HitlerAdolph Hitler would lead Germany into the most disastrous defeat suffered by any nation in history. Responsible for the deaths of over 60 million souls Adolph Hitler must be considered one of the greatest blights on humanity. His dream of a thousand year Reich would end after only 12 short, miserable years.

Benito Mussolini Il DuceMussolini ruled Italy with an iron fist. Seeking to return Italy to the former glory of the Roman Empire he only managed to involve it in global conflict. Mussolini allied himself with Germany only after it seemed that Germany would win the early rounds of WWII. A brash bully and a pompous "show dictator " he would, in the end, be hunted down by Italian partisans and hung upside down like a side of beef.

Hideki TojoHideki Tojo, known as the "Japanese Warlord Tojo" was a passionate supporter of Nazi Germany and believed in pre-emptive strikes against China, Russia, and the United States. Tojo became the prime minister of Japan, the minister of war, home minister, foreign minister and whatever else struck his fancy. His dreams of a pan-Asian empire headed by Japan would abruptly end at the end of a hangman's noose in 1948.