crisis in darfur an introduction….. where?? 9 neighbors including chad and libya scattered...
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Crisis in Crisis in DarfurDarfurAn Introduction…. An Introduction….
Where??Where??9 neighbors includingChad and Libya
Scattered mountainranges
Nile river
Capital is Khartoum
Population= 41 mil.
80 % are involved in 80 % are involved in AgricultureAgriculture
Only 7 % of land is arableOnly 7 % of land is arable 70% = Sunni Muslim 70% = Sunni Muslim
(mostly northern region)(mostly northern region) 25% = Indigenous beliefs 25% = Indigenous beliefs
(mostly Southern region)(mostly Southern region) 5% = Christian5% = Christian 43 %= 14 or younger43 %= 14 or younger
Who??Who??
Basic HistoryBasic History
1882- British Imperialistic rule1882- British Imperialistic rule Much turmoilMuch turmoil 1950’s- Sudan gains independence1950’s- Sudan gains independence Unstable democracyUnstable democracy Repeated military coupsRepeated military coups Only 11 years of elected govt. ( most Only 11 years of elected govt. ( most
were Islamic- led parties)were Islamic- led parties)
Civil War (1955- present…)Civil War (1955- present…)North VS. South
Arab- Muslim Christian/ Animist
Govt. taxes spent onKhartoum And North
National Islam frontDominates govt.
2 leaders: Hassan Al- Turabi & Omar Al-Bashir
Alienated in econ.,Religion, and Culture
SPLA formed- Sudan’s People’s Liberation Army
Sudanese Liberation Army
Janjaweed Militia
VS
DarfurDarfur 3 provinces in 3 provinces in
Western SudanWestern Sudan Entirely Muslim Entirely Muslim
population:population: 40% non- Arab40% non- Arab
African population: African population: Sedentary FarmersSedentary Farmers
Arab population: Arab population: nomadic farmersnomadic farmers
Darfur Local tensionsDarfur Local tensions Geography & Geography &
EnvironmentEnvironment: Little arable : Little arable land and spreading desert land and spreading desert leads to fighting between leads to fighting between Nomadic and Sedentary Nomadic and Sedentary farmersfarmers
Political & Economic:Political & Economic: all all taxes collected are spent on taxes collected are spent on northern Arab regions… not northern Arab regions… not African regionsAfrican regions
Outside InfluencesOutside Influences
Chad:
Chadian rebels use Darfur as staging ground for overthrowing Chad govt.
Libya:Libyan troops stationed in Darfur as Libya tries to overthrow Sudan Govt.
Darfur is in constant violence!!
Back to KhartoumBack to Khartoum
Turabi vs. Al Turabi vs. Al BashirBashir
Al-Bashir WinsAl-Bashir Wins Turabi looks for Turabi looks for
alternative power alternative power base outside of base outside of Khartoum…Khartoum…
Bashir
Al- Turabi
New Divide (Darfur crisis New Divide (Darfur crisis begins)begins)
Khartoum govt(Al-Bashir)-
Rebels(Turabi)
Sudan Govt. Army& Northern Militias (janjiwid)
Sudan Liberation Army & Justice and Equality movement
Both groups largely Muslim… no longer Muslim vs. Infidels… Arab vs. African
VS
Civilians AttackedCivilians Attacked•Sudanese govt. wants to deny rebels any support from Darfur villages
•Airforce, army, and Arab militias (janjawid) bomb and destroy villages
•Men, Women, & Children Killed
•Girl & women raped•Population driven from villages
Survivors??Survivors??
Flee to neighboring villages and await Flee to neighboring villages and await another attackanother attack
End up in refugee campsEnd up in refugee camps Can not return to villagesCan not return to villages Up to half of women have been rapedUp to half of women have been raped Most have lost family membersMost have lost family members 3000 to 10000 die every month3000 to 10000 die every month Janjawid raid camps and steal food aidJanjawid raid camps and steal food aid
Genocide or Civil war?Genocide or Civil war? Attacks are from Attacks are from
Arab only Sudanese Arab only Sudanese government military government military or Arab militias or Arab militias (Janjiwid)(Janjiwid)
3 tribes are primarily 3 tribes are primarily targeted (though targeted (though other African groups other African groups are also assaulted): are also assaulted): Masalit, Fur, Masalit, Fur, ZaghawaZaghawa
Pictures Pictures of Darfurof Darfur
Refugees Refugees
Camp life in ChadCamp life in Chad
resourcesresources
Sudan and the Darfur Genocide: notes Sudan and the Darfur Genocide: notes for teachers by Daniel Schafer (Belmont for teachers by Daniel Schafer (Belmont University)University)
Google earth- crisis in DarfurGoogle earth- crisis in Darfur Corbis photographyCorbis photography