crispr/cas9: ethical implicationsand social...
TRANSCRIPT
CR
ISP
R/C
AS
9: E
TH
ICA
L
IMP
LIC
AT
ION
SA
ND
SO
CIA
L
RE
AC
TIO
NS
Ale
ssa
nd
ro B
lasi
mm
e,
Ph
D
He
alt
hE
thic
sa
nd
Po
licy
La
b –
Un
ive
rsit
ät
Zü
rich
ale
ssa
nd
ro.b
lasi
mm
e@
uzh
.ch
@a
_b
lasi
mm
e
SU
PR
IO-W
ork
sh
op
2016
Bern
, 03.1
1.2
016
Outli
ne
1.
Eth
ica
lis
su
es
2.
Go
ve
rna
nc
eis
su
es
3.
Inte
lle
ctu
al
pro
pe
rty
iss
ue
s
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
2
Outli
ne
1.
Eth
ica
lis
su
es
2.
Go
ve
rna
nc
eis
su
es
3.
Inte
lle
ctu
al
pro
pe
rty
iss
ue
s
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
3
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
4
Natu
re,
26 M
arc
h 2
015
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
5
Eth
icalis
su
es:
co
ntr
a /1
•S
afe
ty i
ss
ue
s•
Off t
arg
et
mu
tatio
ns
•L
ab
ora
tory
co
nta
inm
en
t
•In
ten
tio
na
l e
co
syste
mic
alte
ratio
n (
ge
ne
dri
ve
)
•S
om
ati
c t
he
rap
y•
Mu
tatio
ns a
sso
cia
ted
with
po
lyg
en
ic d
ise
ase
s m
ay h
ave
pro
tective
effe
cts
a
ga
inst
oth
er
dis
ea
se
s
•G
erm
lin
e•
Hu
ma
n d
ign
ity:
the
in
teg
rity
of
the
hu
ma
n g
en
om
e is th
e b
asis
of
hu
ma
n d
ign
ity
(Ovie
do
Co
nve
ntio
n)
•U
np
red
icta
ble
co
nse
qu
en
ce
s o
n f
utu
re g
en
era
tio
ns (
pre
ca
utio
na
ry p
rin
cip
le)
•P
ub
lic o
utr
ag
e r
e g
erm
line
/em
bry
o/r
ep
rod
uctio
n m
ay in
th
e e
nd
blo
ck s
om
atic
the
rap
y a
s w
ell
•D
esig
ne
r’s b
ab
ies:
ge
ne
tic n
arc
issis
m, co
mm
od
ific
atio
n o
f ch
ildre
n
•R
ese
arc
h r
eq
uir
es d
estr
oyin
g e
mb
ryo
s
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
6
Eth
icalis
su
es:
co
ntr
a /2
•G
erm
lin
e(c
ontinued)
•C
om
eb
ack o
f e
ug
en
ics
•In
eq
ua
lity o
f a
cce
ss
•G
en
etic c
lassis
m –
syste
ma
tic a
dva
nta
ge
fo
r th
e g
en
etica
lly b
ette
r-
off
•N
o in
form
ed
co
nse
nt o
n th
e p
art
of th
e “
Cri
sp
r-ed
”
•R
ep
rod
ucti
ve c
ho
ices
•O
nly
use
ful if:
•O
ne p
are
nt
is h
om
ozygous f
or
dom
inant
monogenetic d
isease;
or
both
pare
nts
are
hom
ozygous f
or
for
recessiv
e m
onogenetic d
isease
•In
all
oth
er
cases,
IVF
+ P
GD
availa
ble
•H
om
ozygosity
for
dom
inant
genes is r
are
, m
ating b
etw
een t
wo
recessiv
e h
om
ozygous is im
pro
bable
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
7
Eth
icalis
su
es:
pro
/1
•S
afe
ty i
ssu
es
•W
e a
lre
ad
y h
ave
effic
ien
t w
ays to
co
nta
in a
nd
co
ntr
ol ri
sky
exp
eri
me
nta
tio
n (
no
Cri
sp
r-exce
ptio
na
lism
)
•H
um
an
dig
nit
y
•T
he
in
teg
rity
of th
e g
en
om
e c
an
no
t b
e a
no
rma
tive
re
fere
nce
po
int
(evo
lutio
n =
ch
an
ge
)
•S
om
ati
c a
nd
germ
lin
eth
era
py
•R
ese
arc
h in
th
is a
rea
ca
n s
ave
life
, h
en
ce
it is
a m
ora
l im
pe
rative
•T
he
arg
um
en
t fr
om
in
form
ed
co
nse
nt is
no
t va
lid w
ith
su
bje
cts
wh
o
ca
nn
ot co
nse
nt a
t a
ll
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
8
Eth
icalis
su
es:
pro
/2
•R
ep
rod
ucti
ve c
ho
ices
•N
atu
ral re
pro
du
ctio
n is a
lso
ris
ky fo
r b
oth
th
e m
oth
er
an
d th
e
offsp
rin
g.
•IV
F +
PG
D a
lso
ha
s its
ris
ks
•G
erm
line
ge
ne
ed
itin
g a
ims a
t h
avin
g b
ab
ies w
ith
th
e b
est p
ossib
le
ch
an
ce
s (
pro
cre
ative
be
ne
fice
nce
)
•C
on
sa
ng
uin
eo
us m
arr
iag
es a
re c
om
mo
n fo
r 1
/5 o
f th
e w
orl
d
po
pu
latio
n =
> m
atin
g b
etw
ee
n tw
o h
om
ozyg
ou
s fo
r a
re
ce
ssiv
e
ge
ne
is a
re
al p
ossib
ility
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
9
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
10
Outli
ne
1.
Eth
ica
lis
su
es
2.
Go
ve
rna
nc
eis
su
es
3.
Inte
lle
ctu
al
pro
pe
rty
iss
ue
s
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
11
Govern
ance
•G
overn
ance r
efe
rs to the d
istr
ibute
d w
eb o
f actions a
nd
pro
cesses w
here
by a
socie
ty e
xert
s c
ontr
ol over
a g
iven
dom
ain
of associa
ted life.
•It
diffe
rs fro
m g
overn
ment
in t
hat it involv
es a
multip
licity
of sta
kehold
ers
and a
variety
of pra
ctices.
•G
overn
ance r
eaches b
eyond p
olit
ical in
stitu
tions a
nd
legal in
str
um
ents
of govern
ment,
to inclu
de m
ore
info
rmal
tools
of coord
ination,
such a
s•
se
lf-r
eg
ula
tio
n
•g
uid
elin
es
•co
de
s o
f co
nd
uct
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
12
CR
ISP
R a
larm
s
Scie
nce,
3 A
pri
l 2015
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
13
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
Scie
nce,
3 A
pri
l 2015
In t
he
ne
ar
term
, w
e r
eco
mm
en
d t
ha
t ste
ps b
e t
ake
n t
o:
1)
[…]
2)
Cre
ate
fo
rum
s i
n w
hic
h e
xp
ert
s f
rom
th
e s
cie
nti
fic
an
d b
ioe
thic
s c
om
mu
nit
ies
ca
n p
rovid
e i
nfo
rma
tio
n a
nd
ed
uc
ati
on
ab
ou
t th
is n
ew
era
of
hu
ma
n b
iolo
gy,
th
e
issu
es a
cco
mp
an
yin
g t
he
ris
ks a
nd
re
wa
rds o
f u
sin
g s
uch
po
we
rfu
l te
ch
no
log
y f
or
a
wid
e v
ari
ety
of
ap
plic
atio
ns in
clu
din
g th
e p
ote
ntia
l to
tre
at
or
cu
re h
um
an
ge
ne
tic
dis
ea
se
, a
nd
th
e a
tte
nd
an
t e
thic
al, s
ocia
l, a
nd
le
ga
l im
plic
atio
ns o
f g
en
om
e
mo
dific
atio
n.
3)
[…]
4)
Co
nve
ne
a g
lob
all
y r
ep
res
en
tati
ve
gro
up
of
de
ve
lop
ers
an
d u
se
rs o
f g
en
om
e
en
gin
ee
rin
g te
ch
no
log
y a
nd
exp
ert
s in
ge
ne
tics, la
w,
an
d b
ioe
thic
s, a
s w
ell
as
me
mb
ers
of
the
scie
ntific c
om
mu
nity,
th
e p
ub
lic, a
nd
re
leva
nt
go
ve
rnm
en
t a
ge
ncie
s
an
d in
tere
st
gro
up
s,
to f
urt
he
r co
nsid
er
the
se
im
po
rta
nt
issu
es, a
nd
wh
ere
ap
pro
pri
ate
,
reco
mm
en
d p
olic
ies.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
14
Ante
cedent
•1975 A
sil
om
ar
Co
nfe
ren
ce o
n R
ecom
bin
ant
DN
A
•P
au
l B
erg
an
d D
avid
Ba
ltim
ore
co
nve
ne
d 1
40
scie
ntists
•B
ioh
aza
rds o
f rD
NA
(la
b c
on
tain
me
nt)
•V
olu
nta
ry g
uid
elin
es to
en
su
re s
afe
ty (
se
lf-r
egu
latio
n)
•C
riticiz
ed
fo
r its la
ck o
f in
clu
siv
en
ess
•C
riticiz
ed
fo
r its n
arr
ow
te
ch
nic
al fo
cu
s
•M
ajo
r d
isa
gre
em
en
ts o
n a
pp
lica
tio
ns o
f b
iote
ch
no
log
y (
e.g
. G
MO
s)
•N
o m
ajo
r re
lea
se
-re
late
d in
cid
en
t
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
15
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
Volu
me X
XX
II,
Issue 1
, F
all
2015
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
16
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
Good
govern
ance
depe
nds
on
vis
ions
of
pro
gre
ss
that
are
co
llecti
vely
defi
ned
,
dra
win
gon
the
full
rich
ness
of
the
dem
ocra
tic
imag
inati
on
.
Even
wh
ere
there
are
calls
for
“b
road
pu
bli
cd
ialo
gu
e,”
these
are
co
nstr
ain
ed
by
exp
ert
acco
un
tsof
wh
at
ispro
per
(an
dnot
pro
per)
tota
lkabo
ut
inensu
ing
delib
era
tions.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
17
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
Though
such
exerc
ises
purp
ort
tosatisfy
the
need
for
public
engagem
ent,
the
yfa
ilto
reach
the
po
or,
the
marg
inal,
an
dth
eso
cia
lly
exclu
ded
inm
eanin
gfu
lw
ays.
They
afford
little
opp
ort
unity
for
the
em
erg
en
ce
of
dis
sen
tin
gvo
ice
san
d
pers
pectives
that
ch
all
en
ge
exp
ert
s’im
ag
inati
on
s.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
18
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
A1996
report
of
the
Nationa
lR
esearc
hC
ou
ncil
pro
pose
da
naltern
ative
appro
ach:
the
an
aly
tic-d
eli
bera
tive
mo
del.
Inth
ism
od
el,
the
move
ment
fro
mfa
ct-
fin
din
gto
inco
rpo
rati
ng
valu
eju
dg
men
tsis
no
tli
near.
Indem
ocra
cie
s,
the
pro
cess
of
un
ders
tan
din
gri
sk
req
uir
es
co
nsta
nt
revis
itin
g,
thro
ugh
delib
era
tion,
of
the
risks
fram
ed
and
the
questions
asked.
Refr
am
ed
questions
intu
rnla
yth
egro
un
dfo
rm
eanin
gfu
lfu
rther
analy
sis
an
dkeep
pu
bli
cs
en
gag
ed
in
the
pro
cess
of
go
vern
an
ce.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
19
Inte
rnatio
nal S
um
mit
on H
um
an G
ene E
diti
ng
Wash
ingto
n D
C, 1-3
Dece
mber 2015
#G
en
eE
dit
Su
mm
it
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
20
Inte
rnatio
nal S
um
mit
on H
um
an G
ene E
diti
ng
Wash
ingto
n D
C, 1-3
Dece
mber 2015
1.
Basic
an
d P
recli
nic
al R
esearc
h.
Inte
nsiv
eb
asic
an
dp
recli
nic
al
rese
arc
his
cle
arly
ne
ede
d
and
sh
ou
ldp
roceed
,subje
ct
toappro
priate
leg
al
and
eth
icalru
les
and
overs
ight.
If,
inth
epro
cess
of
researc
h,
early
hu
man
em
bry
os
or
germ
line
cells
underg
ogene
editin
g,
the
mo
dif
ied
cell
s
sh
ou
ldn
ot
be
used
toesta
bli
sh
ap
reg
nan
cy.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
21
Inte
rnatio
nal S
um
mit
on H
um
an G
ene E
diti
ng
Wash
ingto
n D
C, 1-3
Dece
mber 2015
2.
Cli
nic
al
Us
e (
res
ea
rch
& t
he
rap
y):
So
ma
tic
.
Th
ere
isa
ne
ed
tou
nd
ers
tan
dth
eri
sk
s,
su
ch
as
inaccu
rate
ed
itin
g,
an
dth
ep
ote
nti
al
be
ne
fits
of
ea
ch
pro
po
se
dg
en
etic
mo
dific
atio
n.
Be
ca
use
pro
po
se
dclin
ica
lu
se
sa
rein
ten
de
dto
affe
ct
on
lyth
ein
div
idu
al
wh
ore
ce
ive
sth
em
,th
ey
ca
nb
ea
pp
rop
ria
tely
an
dri
go
rou
sly
eva
lua
ted
wit
hin
ex
isti
ng
an
de
vo
lvin
gre
gu
lato
ryfr
am
ew
ork
sfo
rg
en
eth
era
py,
an
dre
gu
lato
rsca
nw
eig
hri
sks
an
dp
ote
ntia
lb
en
efits
ina
pp
rovin
gclin
ica
ltr
ials
an
dth
era
pie
s.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
22
Inte
rnatio
nal S
um
mit
on H
um
an G
ene E
diti
ng
Wash
ingto
n D
C, 1-3
Dece
mber 2015
3.
Clin
ica
l U
se
: G
erm
lin
e.
[…]
Itw
ou
ldb
eir
res
po
ns
ible
top
roc
ee
dw
ith
an
yclin
ical
use
of
ge
rmlin
ee
ditin
gu
nle
ss
an
du
ntil
(i)
the
rele
va
nt
sa
fety
an
de
ffic
ac
yis
su
es
ha
ve
be
en
reso
lve
d,
ba
se
do
na
pp
rop
ria
teu
nd
ers
tan
din
ga
nd
ba
lan
cin
go
fri
sks,
po
ten
tia
lb
en
efits
,a
nd
alte
rna
tive
s,
an
d
(ii)
the
reis
bro
ad
so
cie
tal
co
ns
en
su
sa
bo
ut
the
ap
pro
pri
ate
ne
ss
of
the
pro
po
se
da
pp
lica
tio
n.
Mo
reo
ve
r,a
ny
clin
ical
use
sh
ou
ldp
roce
ed
on
lyu
nd
er
ap
pro
pri
ate
reg
ula
tory
ove
rsig
ht.
At
pre
se
nt,
the
se
cri
teri
ah
ave
no
tb
ee
nm
et
for
an
yp
rop
ose
dclin
ical
use
[…].
Ho
we
ve
r,a
sscie
ntific
kn
ow
led
ge
ad
va
nce
sa
nd
so
cie
tal
vie
ws
evo
lve
,th
eclin
ical
use
of
ge
rmlin
ee
ditin
gsh
ou
ldb
ere
vis
ite
do
na
reg
ula
rb
asis
.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
23
Inte
rnatio
nal S
um
mit
on H
um
an G
ene E
diti
ng
Wash
ingto
n D
C, 1-3
Dece
mber 2015
4.
Go
ve
rna
nc
e.
Ne
ed
for
an
On
go
ing
Fo
rum
.[…
]T
he
inte
rna
tio
na
lc
om
mu
nit
ysh
ou
ldstr
ive
toe
sta
blis
hn
orm
sc
on
ce
rnin
ga
cc
ep
tab
leu
se
so
fh
um
an
ge
rmlin
e,
ino
rde
rto
dis
co
ura
ge
un
ac
ce
pta
ble
ac
tiv
itie
sw
hile
ad
va
ncin
gh
um
an
he
alth
an
dw
elfa
re.
Th
efo
rum
sh
ou
ldb
ein
clu
siv
ea
mo
ng
na
tio
ns
an
de
ng
ag
ea
wid
era
ng
eo
fp
ers
pe
ctive
sa
nd
exp
ert
ise
–in
clu
din
gfr
om
bio
me
dic
al
scie
ntists
,so
cia
lscie
ntists
,e
thic
ists
,h
ea
lth
ca
rep
rovid
ers
,p
atie
nts
an
dth
eir
fam
ilie
s,
pe
op
lew
ith
dis
ab
ilitie
s,
po
licym
ake
rs,
reg
ula
tors
,re
se
arc
hfu
nd
ers
,fa
ith
lea
de
rs,
pu
blic
inte
rest
ad
vo
ca
tes,
ind
ustr
yre
pre
se
nta
tive
s,
an
dm
em
be
rso
fth
eg
en
era
lp
ub
lic.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
24
Fulfi
lled p
rophecie
s
•A
ware
ness r
egard
ing inclu
siv
eness,
but
expert
s c
learly
take the lead
•S
afe
ty a
nd e
ffic
acy a
s t
he fra
min
g t
hem
es
•S
cope lim
ited t
o h
um
an g
ene e
ditin
g
…
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
25
Beyond h
um
an g
ene e
diti
ng: gene d
rive
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
26
Beyond h
um
an g
ene e
diti
ng: gene d
rive
CR
ISP
R/C
as9 c
an b
e u
sed t
o s
pre
ad m
uta
tions/t
raits in
wild
type p
opula
tions o
f sexually
repro
ducin
g s
pecie
s.
This
techniq
ue c
an b
e u
sed t
o a
lter
wild
type p
opula
tions in
vie
w o
f specific
hum
an e
nds:
•E
.g. e
limin
atin
g m
osq
uito
-bo
rne
dis
ea
se
s (
ma
lari
a, d
en
gu
e),
reve
rsin
g p
esticid
e/h
erb
icid
e r
esis
tan
ce
, e
rad
ica
tin
g in
va
siv
e
sp
ecie
s, e
tc.
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
27
Gene d
rive
Genes t
hat are
more
lik
ely
to b
e inherite
d e
ven if th
ey
reduce t
he o
dds t
hat an o
rganis
m w
ill r
epro
duce.
Di C
arlo e
t al. 2
015
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
28
Beyond h
um
an g
ene e
diti
ng: gene d
rive
PN
AS
, D
ec
20
15
, V
ol.
11
2 n
o.
49
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
29
Beyond h
um
an g
ene e
diti
ng: gene d
rive
Na
t B
iote
ch
no
log
y, 7
De
c 2
01
5,
do
i:1
0.1
03
8/n
bt.
34
39
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
30
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
Sc
ien
ce
, 8
Au
gu
st
20
14
; V
ol.
34
5 I
ss
ue
61
97
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
31
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
Sc
ien
ce
, 8
Au
gu
st
20
14
; V
ol.
34
5 I
ss
ue
61
97
1.
Develo
p r
evers
al drives
2.
Monitor
effect on g
enetic d
ivers
ity
3.
Conta
in e
xperim
ents
4.
Monitor
pre
sence a
nd p
revale
nce o
f drives
5.
Evalu
ate
candid
ate
gene d
rives c
ase-b
y-c
ase
6.
Model delib
era
te m
isuse
7.
Ris
k-b
enefit
assessm
ent
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
32
Talk
ing g
overn
ance
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
33
Outli
ne
1.
Eth
ica
lis
su
es
2.
Go
ve
rna
nc
eis
su
es
3.
Inte
lle
ctu
al
pro
pe
rty
iss
ue
s
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
34
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
35
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
36
Gene d
rive g
overn
ance
thro
ugh
IP
Kevin
Esvelt, M
IT
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
37
Conclu
sio
ns
•E
thic
ald
eb
ate
•F
ew
Cri
sp
r-sp
ecific
ne
w issu
es
•F
ocu
s o
n g
erm
line
mo
dific
atio
n
•G
overn
an
ce
deb
ate
•In
clu
siv
e p
ub
lic e
ng
ag
em
en
t in
vo
ke
d
•E
xp
ert
-ca
ptu
rea
nd
se
lf-r
eg
ula
tio
n
•In
tell
ectu
alP
rop
ert
yd
eb
ate
•D
isp
ute
on
go
ing
•E
ffe
cts
on
bo
thin
du
str
ial d
eve
lop
me
nta
nd
re
se
arc
h
A.
Bla
sim
me -
He
alth
Eth
ics a
nd
Po
licy L
ab
-U
ZH
Be
rn, 3
No
ve
mb
er
'16
38
TH
AN
KY
OU
FO
R Y
OU
RA
TT
EN
TIO
N!
Ale
ssa
nd
ro B
lasi
mm
e,
Ph
D
He
alt
hE
thic
sa
nd
Po
licy
La
b
SU
PR
IO-W
ork
sh
op
2016
Bern
, 03.1
1.2
016
ww
w.d
igit
ale
thic
s.c
h