Criteria and Indicators for monitoring

and evaluating a sustainable ECO-City

El Gouna

Peter- D. Hansen1) 2), B. Gabriel2) und R. vom Lehn2)

1)Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät VI, FG Ökologische Wirkungsforschung

und Ökotoxikologie, Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology,

Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1 (BH9-01), 10587 Berlin

2)TU-Campus Wedding (TIB),Master’s Programme Real Estate Management,

Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25 (Haus 20/21), 13355 Berlin

Contents

Susstainability: ecological and economic Systems - Urban

Development and Design: Agro City, Petro City, Eco City –

Tools and Implementations

Do we have Benchmark? Greencity Index / Indicators / Scorecard

Dissemination of results: Indicator sheet and rating systems

WFC = World Future Council

cities as “eco-technical super-organism“

Metabolism of cities: from linear to circular

The metabolism of cities:

from linear to circular

(cities as “eco-tecnical super-organisms“)

Why?

Increasing: Decreasing:

Energy demand Fossil fuel reserves

Energy costs Natural resources

CO2- NOx- SO2- Emission Time left for action!

Climate Instability Costs of renewable energy

Sea levels

• > 60% of the “Ecosystems and their Services for

human quality of Life ” are allready distroyed.

• 25% of the earth is already in use by land

consumption and agriculture!

Questions we have to ask and to find sound answers

What are the benefits of protected habitats in terms of i.e.

water resources relative to a non-protected area?

What is the role of marine biota and the carbon emission

(benthic-pelagic coupling in the carbon cycling and primary

production in sea life – climate change)?

How can we measure natural capital

(renewable and non-renewable

resources)?

Ecosystem Services – benefit from nature

Service Status

Food - crops - substantial production increase

Food - lifestock - substantial production increase

Food - aquaculture - substantial production increase

Food - capture fisheries - declining production due to overharvest

Regulating Servives

Water purification and waste

treatment

- declining water quality

Pest regulation - natural control degraded through pesticide use

Natural hazard regulation - Loss of natural buffers (wetland

and management)

Erosion regulation - increased soil degradation

Ecosystem Services

Effluents (Emission) from Aquaculture

109 kg N / t produced fish

65 kg P / t produced fish

Ecosystem Service: Aquaculture

World: 45-50 Mill t / y

Cultural Services Status

Recreation and eco-tourism - more areas accessible but many degraded

Aestethic values - decline in quantity and quality of natural lands

Eco-City

Criteria and Indicators

for Monitoring and

Evaluating Sustainability

Social Factors Public Values

(& Politics)

ECOLOGICAL RISK –

MANAGEMENT DECISION

Technological

Feasibility

Economics

(Cost and Benefits)

Regulatory & Legal

Requirements

Consumption of Resources:

40 % of Energy

30 % of Materials

20 % of Water

10 % of Land Consumption

and producing 40 % CO2 - Emissionen

30 % solid Waste

20 % Waste Water

Buildings and Housing world wide:

Labelling Green innovation / Green Buildings

-world wide and US by „LEED“

(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) since 1998,

- in United Kingdom (GB) by „BREEAM“

(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment

Method) since 1990,

- in Australia by „Green Star“ GBCA

(Green Building Council of Australia) since 2003

- in Singapur by „Green Mark“ BCA

(Building and Construction Authority) seit 2005

- in Germany „DGNB“ (Sustainability)

(Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen) since 2009.

Reactions by the Economy (Building and Housing - constructions

and materials) – going for Gold, Silver and Bronze

In Germany: slightly overdone - Sealing by Quality Certificates

Sustainability

Building

and Housing

-Reduction Energy

and Contaminants

- Wellbeing employer

- increase of productivity

-Reduction

of Energy

-Low Life

Cycle Costs

Ecology

Social - cultural

Economy -None re-newable Resources

- Renewable Energies

- Waste reduction

- environmental safe materials

and recycled products

- 0pen space and urban form

- cost of operation & Investment

- return

- income and costs

- image

- improvement of noise- reduction

and improved indoor habitat

no Sick –Building-Syndroms

a

Reliable Size of Shoes

14

In reallity we use already Sizes of Shoes

>35

a

Ecological Foot Print

Benchmark – international Standards after ISO and CEN

The Green City Index

Indicators values in Scorecards

Indicators and the Target Definition of the projects are the

fundament “ready to go“ for the successful evaluation process

Indicator Criteria:

Easy to use, therefore restricted number of guiding indicators

(condensed not detailled) to keep an operational data set

Transparency, clear Strategies, effect and measures related project

steering instrument, market conform product

Benchmarking Copenhagen = “the greenest Metropolitan“ in Europa (87,13%) → Berlin Ranking 8

Labelling Green innovation / Green Buildings

-world wide and US by „LEED“

(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) since 1998,

- in United Kingdom (GB) by „BREEAM“

(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment

Method) since 1990,

- in Australia by „Green Star“ GBCA

(Green Building Council of Australia) since 2003

- in Singapur by „Green Mark“ BCA

(Building and Construction Authority) seit 2005

- in Germany „DGNB“ (Sustainability)

(Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen) since 2009.

Reactions by the Economy (Building and Housing - constructions

and materials) – going for Gold, Silver and Bronze medals

Established Indicators of relevant Evaluation Systems

including the MENA Region (Middle East / North Africa)

Input:

Established

Indicators of relevant

Evaluationsystems

Output:

Indicator Sets (1a)

organized after

Categories (1b)

Technical Quality and process orientated

Qualities are evaluated after the classical

dimensions of sustainibility:

social-cult., ecology, economic

*) Profile Qualities

Project specific indicators Project Objectives and WP

Set of project specific Indicators

Category Energy

Consumption

Degree of Strength

Renewable Energy Consumption

Clean and efficient Energy Policies

Category Water

Consumption

Leaking Pipes

Waste Water Treatment

Status of Connecting

Aquaculture / Agriculture

Category CO2

Emission

Intensity / Vol.

Reduction Strategies

Indicator Sheets (Score Cards): Rating System

The Rating-Table is coherent to the common Rating-Tables of International

Standards (ISO CEN): Comparing the "Data of initial situation“ with the

“Target Value“. The final result represents the magnitude of target achievement

(Objective Indicator).

Definitions of the rating level 1 - 10:

Definition 1-2: best practice

Definition 5: accepted average value

Definition 8-9: most worse rating

Definition 10: failure / criteria to prove a failure

Rating 3, 4, 6, 7: Refinements

Project

Results

In Conclusion

„The Road to Success - Gold Silver or Bronze“

Step 1: data mining organisation project data in matrices and I

ndicator Sheets

Step 2: data feeding the Eva.S evaluation tool by project data sets

Step 3: data check by a multi array grid (processor)

for sustainibility criteria

Step 4: monitoring and decision loop,

resulting products and alternative strategies

Dissemination YC-Project: overall results

In Conclusion

„The Road to Success - Gold Silver or Bronze“

Step 1: data mining organisation project data in matrices and I

ndicator Sheets

Step 2: data feeding the Eva.S evaluation tool by project data sets

Step 3: data check by a multi array grid (processor)

for sustainibility criteria

Step 4: monitoring and decision loop,

resulting products and alternative strategies

Summary

1.Urban planning, conceptsual evaluation and feasibility studies has to

consider more and more “biological / ecological mechanisms” and a

sustainable quality of Life. The Evablue professional strategies concept

serves as a valid communication, evaluation and monitoring of risk at urban

scale.

2.The Evablue professional strategies project data are evaluated by

qualitative and quantitative project specific indicators proved by the classical

dimensions of sustainability: socio-cultural quality, economic and ecological

quality.

3.The dynamic and constantly up-dated Evablue professional strategies

evaluation tool has many potential applications in the field of evaluation and

monitoring. Stakeholders are project developer, political decision maker of

municipal authorities

4.Evablue professional strategies data bank is growing and serving

(administrate) at this time the Megacity - YC-project, Deutsche Bahn, Local

Authorities, Evaluation of Research Programmes (EU, BMBF)

5.The Evablue professional strategies is a well known and successful

applied tool for feasibility studies and Risk Analysis surveys in

the Master´s Programme Real Estate Management (REM).

References

Hansen, P.-D. 1983. Regulatory Significance of Toxicological Monitoring by

Ed. Mervyn Richardson, VCH Publishers, New York 1993

Hansen, P.-D. 1997. Ecotoxicology and Landscape Planning. Quality

Assurance, 5,3 231-241

Hansen, P.-D. 2007. Risk assessment of emerging contaminants in aquatic

systems. Trends Anal. Chem. (TRAC), Vol. 26, No 11, 1095-1099

Hansen, P.-D., Blasco, J., De Valls, A., Poulsen, V., van den Heuvel-Greve,

M. 2007. Biological analysis (Bioassays, Biomarkers, Biosensors) In:

Sustainable management of sediment resources, Volume 2,

Sediment quality and impact assessment of pollutants. Eds. Damia Barceló

and Mira Petrovic, Elsevier Publishers Amsterdam, London, New York, 131-

157

Barcelo, Damia / Hansen, Peter-Diedrich (Eds.) 2009: Biosensors for the

Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Systems – Bioanalytical and Chemical

Methods for Endocrine Disruptors. Series The Handbook of Environmental

Chemistry. Vol. 5: Water Pollution, Part J, Springer Publishers, 278 pp

Hansen, P.-D. 2010. Unerwünschte Wirkungen. In: R. Nießner (Hrsg.), 9.

Auflage Karl Höll: Wasser,

Nutzung im Kreislauf, Hygiene, Analyse und Bewertung,Walter de Gruyter,

Berlin, New York, 602-615

Hansen, P.-D., Gabriel, B., Liebrenz, H., Herig, S., vom Lehn, R. 2013. Eva.S:

Evaluation Strategies and Data Processing of Indicator Values.

Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-2587-6 (Print), ISBN 978-

3-7983-2588-3 (Online), 17 pp

Sutherland, W.J. et al, 2006, The Identification of 100 ecological questions of

high policy relevance in the UK. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 617-627

ZIA 2013 Real Estate Industry Perspectives – Sustainability, 3rd Revised and

Amended Edition – March 2013

Acknowledgements

The authors thanks the Young Cities Project Center of the

world wide Megacities project for data mining and updating of

the data sets. We thank the members of the Evaluation

Working Group of the YC Project for competent contributions

in stimulating many frontiers approaches and evaluation

concepts. The authors gratefully acknowledge the BMBF for

funding the Young Cities Project – research for sustainable

development of the megacities of tomorrow – energy and

climate-efficient structures in urban growth centres.

The authors thanks for funding by Senate Department of

Urban Development of the City of Berlin – Fischereiamt (Berlin

Fishery Board, BFB), the European Commission

(SANDRINE: ENV4-CT98-0801 and CITY FISH: ENK1-CT

1999-00009 projects).

Thank you very much!

Joan Miró: “The singing Fish“ (1972)

Main Form of the Eva.S Evaluation

Strategy for the display of final

project results

Category Indicator Description YC Data

CO2 emissions total CO2 emissions, in tonnes per head 5,4 [tonnes/head]

intensity total CO2 emissions, in grams per unit for

real GDP 376

[grams /

€ GDP]

reduction strategy assessment of the ambitiousness of CO2

reductions strategies 9 Score

Category Indicator Description YC Data

Energy consumption total final energy consumption, in

gigajoules per head 73,3 [GJ/head]

intensity total final energy consumption, in

megajoules per unit of real GDP [€] 9,25 [MJ/€ GDP]

renewable energy

consumption

percentage of total energy derived from

renewable sources, as a share of the

city's total energy consumption, in

terajoules

0 [%]

Clean and efficient

energy policies

An assessment of the extensiveness of

policies promoting the use of clean and

efficient energy.

9 Score

• Comparable data, measures and scaling of the resulting values

• Example: Categories CO2 and Energy of the YC-Project calibrated

by the GCI

Indicator values:

Monitoring and Evaluation

the susstainable Eco-City

El Gouna

Social Factors Public Values

(& Politics)

ECOLOGICAL RISK –

MANAGEMENT DECISION

Technological

Feasibility

Economics

(Cost and Benefits)

Regulatory & Legal

Requirements