criteria and indicators of the bangladesh forest inventory:...

2

Criteria and indicators of the Bangladesh Forest Inventory: towards the integration of

socio-economic and biophysical information for sustainable forest management and

conservation

Published by the Bangladesh Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2017.

Contact:

The Bangladesh Forest Department

Bana Bhaban, Plot No- E-8, B-2

Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar

Dhaka-1207

[email protected]

The preparation of this document is financially supported by USAID with technical support

from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Silvacarbon.

This document is a joint effort by the Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD), the

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Institute of Statistical Research and Training, Dhaka

University (DU), Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong

(IFESCU), Aranyak Foundation (AF), and the Food & Agriculture Organization of the United

Nations (FAO) and the US Forest Service.

Suggested Citation: Barua, Sepul Kanti, Mahmud, R, and Chakma, Nikhil. 2017, Criteria

and indicators of the Bangladesh Forest Inventory: towards the integration of socio-economic

and biophysical information for sustainable forest management and conservation. Forest

Department, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of the People’s Republic of

Bangladesh.

ISBN 978-984-34-4273-4

The following persons have also contributed towards the preparation of this document:

Md Zaheer Iqbal and Aminul Islam, BFD; Abdul Khaleque, BBS; Sayed Shahadat Hossain,

Institute of Statistical Research and Training, Dhaka University; Mohammed Jashimuddin and

M. Mahfuzur Rahman, IFESCU; Farid Uddin Ahmed, Arannayk Foundation; Illias Animon,

Liam Costello, Matieu Henry, Rashed Jalal and Shrabanti Hira, FAO; Delilah R Jaworski,

USFS.

3

Disclaimer

This report is designed to reflect the activities and progress related to the project GCP/GD/058/USAID “Strengthening National Forest Inventory and Satellite Forest Monitoring System in support of REDD+ in Bangladesh”. This report is not authoritative information sources – it does not reflect the official position of the supporting international agencies including USAID or FAO and should not be used for official purposes. Should readers find any errors in the document or would like to provide comments for improving its quality they are encouraged to contact one of above contacts.

© 2017 Bangladesh Forest Department, the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Bangladesh.

4

ACRONYMS BFD Bangladesh Forest Department

BFI Bangladesh Forest Inventory

C&I Criteria and Indicator

CIP Country Investment Plan

dbh Diameter Breast Height

EFCC Environment, forestry and climate change

ES Ecosystem services

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

7FYP Seventh Five Year Plan

GDP Gross domestic product

GoB Government of Bangladesh

ha Hectare

HH Household

LCC Land cover class

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals

SFM Sustainable forest management

yr Year

5

Table of Contents

ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................. 4

Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 5

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6

2 Linkages between objectives, criteria and indicators of Bangladesh Forest Inventory ...... 8

3 Scope and purpose of socio-economic and biophysical integration ................................. 10

4 Methodology for integration between socio-economic and biophysical information ...... 11

5 Examples of indicators requiring integration of socio-economic and biophysical

information ............................................................................................................................... 12

Example 1: Economic value of traditionally-marketed primary tree and forest products in

Bansthail forest range, Tangail district ................................................................................ 12

Example 2: Economic value of potable water collected in Khagrachari District ................ 16

Example 3: Gap between demand and supply of fuelwood in Chittagong district .............. 18

6 References ........................................................................................................................ 20

7 ANNEXES........................................................................................................................ 21

Annex 1: Conducted events for the finalization of socio-economic monitoring for BFI .... 21

Annex 2: Criteria and indicators for the Bangladesh Forest Inventory................................ 22

Annex 3: Equations for estimating selected indicators requiring integration of socio-

economic and biophysical information ................................................................................ 41

6

1 Introduction Measuring the progress or assessing the status of implementation is fundamental to any

development initiative. A set of criteria, indicator and variables are normally used for such

measurement or assessment for improving sustainable forest management (SFM). For example,

criteria and indicators (C&I) are used to strengthen results-based management of national forest

programmes. A number of sets of C&I are developed around the world to evaluate progress

towards SFM at different levels and national reports are being produced that assess this

progress (Larrubia et al. 2017). Criteria define and characterize the essential elements of and

conditions or processes for assessing the productive, protective and socio-economic functions

of forests and forest ecosystems (Prabhu, Colfer, & Shepherd, 1998). More precisely, criteria

represent or correspond to the objectives of forest and tree resources management, and thus

reflect forest values. The progress on any criteria is measured by a set of indicators which

themselves are calculated by using a group of variables.

C&I provide a basis for consistent monitoring of achievement towards desired targets. They

help measure and monitor the status and changes of forests and tree resources. A variable is

established by data or information that enhances the specificity or the ease of calculation of an

indicator. The variables provide specific details that would indicate or reflect a desired

condition of an indicator. They add meaning, precision and site-specificity to an indicator

(FAO, 2002) necessary to measure the progress of, for example, initiatives for sustainable

management of forest and tree resources.

Sustainable management of forests and tree resources is given high emphasis both in

international and national arena. These resources are integral to achieving all goals of the

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). In particular, the SDG 15 relies on the promotion,

restoration and conservation of biodiversity through ensuring sustainable management of

forests and tree resources for combating desertification and land degradation. There are a

number of targets under this goal which are measured using various indicators. In addition,

there are several international agreements and initiatives for C&I for sustainable forest

management (SFM) such as the Montréal Process, the Helsinki Process (now called Forest

Europe) and the International Tropical Timber Organization Process, which together involve

almost 150 countries including Bangladesh (CCFM, 2005; Process, 2015). The Government of

Bangladesh (GoB) has given priority to the sustainable management of forests and tree

resources. The 7th Five-Year Plan (7FYP) of Bangladesh, the country’s main planning

framework for development, focuses on sound natural resources management. It sets goal for

increasing forest cover to 20% by 2020 (GED, 2015). The Country Investment Plan on

Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (CIP EFCC) of Bangladesh has identified priority

investment areas for sustainable management of tree, forests and other natural resources (GoB,

2017). In order to achieve the relevant goals of SDGs and 7FYP related to trees and forests

and effectively implement the CIP EFCC, it is necessary to develop C&I framework for

sustainable management of these resources.

7

The Strengthening National Forest Inventory and Satellite Land Monitoring System in Support

of REDD+ in Bangladesh (in short, Bangladesh Forest Inventory [BFI])1 project is developing

such a framework. The BFI has two components: (i) biophysical, i.e. the inventory of tree and

forest resources, and (ii) socio-economic, i.e. socio-economic survey. Under these components,

both biophysical and socio-economic information about trees and forests are being collected to

assess the quantity and quality of these resources as well as their relationship with the people

of the country. For the latter, integration of socio-economic information with the biophysical

ones is required.

Sustainable natural resources management requires inputs from both natural and social

sciences. Since natural and social systems are interrelated and inter dependent, it is essential

that these data can be integrated for developing common indictors (De Lange, Wise, Forsyth,

& Nahman, 2010). Thus, an integrated approach is required for making decisions concerning

the management of the natural resources, building social capital, reducing stakeholder

conflicts, increasing government accountability and ensuring local knowledge-based planning

(Conley & Moote, 2003; Curtis, Byron, & MacKay, 2005; Lockwood, 2000; Schusler, Decker,

& Pfeffer, 2003). Naturally, there is an increasing need to integrate socio-economic and

biophysical attributes (Junkins, 2005). This kind of integration is challenging as different scales

are typically used for collecting socio-economic and biophysical data (Herr, 2007), but not

unprecedented. The concept of integration has already been applied to natural resources

management.

Notably, Pirani & Mousavi, (2016) integrated socio-economic information such as net

agriculture income of households, population size and growth rates, household number, and

literacy and unemployment rates with biophysical data (e.g. administrative unit layers) for

watershed management and planning. Du et al. (2013) developed land-use allocation model by

integrating socio-economic and biophysical parameters. The BFI is collecting different data

and information on biophysical and socio-economic attributes of forest and tree resources using

predefined variables. These variables will be integrated for specifying relationship between

these resources and human beings which will ultimately contribute to policy making and

prescribing management strategies for these resources in Bangladesh.

The objectives of this report are to explain:

the linkages between the objectives, and C&I of the BFI,

how C&I are identified and, how they can contribute to Bangladesh’s achieving SDGs

and implementing 7FYP and CIP EFCC,

extent of integration between biophysical and socio-economic information in the BFI,

and

the methodology of integration with examples.

1 The BFI is a four-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It

is implemented by the Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) with technical assistance from the Food and

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

8

2 Linkages between objectives, criteria and indicators of Bangladesh

Forest Inventory The BFI has two main objectives: (i) to provide information about the existing tree and forest

resources in Bangladesh, and (ii) to define relationships between these resources and the people

of the country. The objectives of the biophysical and socio-economic components are explained

below:

(i) Biophysical component: It includes the inventory of tree and forest resources in

Bangladesh. This component will provide biophysical information about these

resources in the country. The major biophysical information collected by the BFI

are the diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height, canopy cover, litter, soil and

woody debris by the land cover classes (LCC) defined in the national land cover

map (2015). This information will allow to assess the carbon, biomass and timber

stocks in trees and forests in the country.

(ii) Socio-economic component: It includes the socio-economic survey of households,

and community consultations. Household and community level information on

various aspects of collection, consumption and selling of tree and forest products

will be collected. These will help to better understand the relationship between

human, and tree and forest resources in the country.

The biophysical and socio-economic components together will provide information on eight

criteria (see Box 1) identified through review of relevant literature notably the Global Forest

Resources Assessment (FRA) 2015 (FAO, 2015) and consultation process as explained later in

this section. Naturally, these criteria together correspond to the overall objective of the BFI.

Box 1: Criteria

Criteria 1: Biodiversity and conservation

Criteria 2: Disturbance, forest degradation and resilience

Criteria 3: Economics and livelihood

Criteria 4: Forest area and characteristics

Criteria 5: Measuring progress towards sustainable forest management (SFM)

Criteria 6: Ownership

Criteria 7: Forest productivity

Criteria 8: Protective functions

Several key questions are identified under each criterion. Then indicators are identified to

correspond to each question. This means the performance under each criterion will be measured

by these indicators for which a set of variables were identified. The data and information for

these variables are being collected through the inventory of forests and tree resources (i.e.

biophysical component) and the socio-economic survey (i.e. socio-economic component). This

means the formulation process of criteria, indicators and variables is downward starting from

the objectives while the process of integrating these parameters with each other is upward

(Figure 1). For the formulation and integration process, FAO’s voluntary guidelines on national

forest monitoring (FAO 2017) are followed.

9

Figure 1: Linkages between objectives criteria, indicators and variables of the Bangladesh

Forest Inventory

As explained earlier in this section and illustrated by Figure 1, the criteria, key questions and

indicators of BFI have been identified consecutively through an extensive literature review and

consultation process. The review was conducted first. The literature reviewed included

scientific articles as well as relevant policy, planning and other documents. After the review a

number of consultation events including national-level consultations and expert group

meetings were organized (see Annex 2 for the list of events conducted). The outcomes of the

literature review and consultation process were combined to develop the criteria, key questions,

indicators and variables. Expert recommendations from FAO Headquarters in Rome and the

United States Forest Service were also considered for this purpose, and necessary expert review

was also done. In particular, for identifying the criteria, a tentative long list was made by

carefully reviewing FRA 2015 of FAO and other relevant literature (EFI, 2013; Scott, Bush, &

Brewer, 2015). The list was shortened and finalized to fit into the context of Bangladesh in

general and objectives of the BFI in particular through the consultation and expert review

process.

While developing the indicators under different criteria, their usefulness in measuring progress

towards achieving SDGs and effectively implementing 7FYP and CIP EFCC was carefully

considered. The SDGs, 7FYP and CIP EFCC have goals and targets related to the sustainable

management of tree and forest resources. Under the BFI, a significant number of indicators

(see Annex 3) are developed to measure the performance of activities related to sustainable tree

and forest management in Bangladesh. Naturally, these indicators will provide useful

information for measuring progress with SDGs, 7FYP and CIP EFCC. Moreover, the SDG 15

10

has two targets related the illegal trade of products of animals species that are placed in the Red

List. Under BFI, an indicator2 is specially developed to provide information for these SDG

targets. In addition, 7FYP and CIP EFCC aim to increase the forestry sector’s contribution to

the GDP of Bangladesh. The BFI has indicators estimating such contribution, and thus can help

measure the progress with the implementation of 7FYP and CIP EFCC.

3 Scope and purpose of socio-economic and biophysical integration For the BFI, a total of 79 indicators were identified under eight criteria (Annex 2). A significant

number of these indicators – spread across all eight criteria – require information coming from

both socio-economic and biophysical components3. Table 1 presents a list selected indicators

requiring integration between socio-economic and biophysical information.

Table 1: List of selected indicators requiring integration between socio-economic and

biophysical information*

Criteria Indicators Relevant

reporting

mechanisms Name Unit

Biodiversity

and

conservation

Number of tree species from the Red

List whose products are traded

Number SDG, CBD, CITES

Number of animal species from the

Red List whose products are traded

Number SDG, CBD, CITES

Disturbance,

forest

degradation

and resilience

Level of severity of anthropogenic

disturbances most cited by HHs in

each zone

% 7FYP, CIP EFCC

Economics

and livelihood

Quantity of each primary product

collected

Quantity/ha/yr SDG, 7FYP, CIP

EFCC

Share of collected primary products

sold

% 7FYP, CIP EFCC

Economic value of primary products

collected per year

BDT/ha/ yr SDG, 7FYP, CIP

EFCC

Quantity collected per year of each

primary product that are important

for livelihood

Quantity/ha/yr SDG, 7FYP, CIP

EFCC

Economic value of primary products

collected per year that are important

for livelihood


EFCC

Market value of wild meat and other

animal products traded illegally per

year


EFCC

2 Market value of wild meat and other animal products traded illegally per year (see Table 1 and Annex 2). 3 Many indicators require integration of different types of biophysical information. For example, the indicator

biomass in different forest zones requires integrating information on biomass and landing cover class [LCC]).

11

Criteria Indicators Relevant

reporting

mechanisms Name Unit

Income earned by HHs per year by

selling primary tree and forest

products


EFCC

Economic value of potable water BDT/ha/ yr 7FYP, CIP EFCC

Gap between demand and supply of

fuelwood

Tonnes/yr 7FYP, CIP EFCC

Measuring

progress

towards SFM

Income earned per year from

involvement in social forestry

BDT/ yr SDG, 7FYP, CIP

EFCC

Income earned per year from

involvement in co-management

BDT/ yr SDG, 7FYP, CIP

EFCC

Protective

Functions and

selected

ecosystem

services

Economic value of the Sundarbans

and coastal plantations in terms of

protection from tropical storms per

year

BDT/km width

of forests/yr

7FYP, CIP EFCC

*Some information will also come from secondary sources.

The indicators that integrate both socio-economic and biophysical information focus on

defining the relationship of people of Bangladesh with tree and forest resources from economic

and livelihood points of view. More precisely, these indicators aim to estimate the economic

value of the traditionally-marketed and important non-marketed ecosystem services (ES)4

provided by forests and trees across the country. Thus the BFI will allow estimating the income

earned by people of Bangladesh from trees and forests and the contribution of the forestry

sector to Bangladesh’s GDP more accurately.

4 Methodology for integration between socio-economic and

biophysical information For most indicators, the socio-economic information is integrated with an important

biophysical attribute, the land cover class (LCC). The integration of socio-economic

information with information on general and forestry administrative units (e.g. union, upazila,

districts and forest range) is also done for some indicators.

In order to make such integration possible, alongside the socio-economic information, the

relevant biophysical information is also collected during the socio-economic survey. For

example, while gathering information about primary forest and tree products collected by HHs,

the LCC and administrative unit of collection are also identified. This enables to group the HH-

level information into different LCCs or administrative units. Through this grouping, the

4 The non-marketed ones include potable water and protection from tropical storms. These are included as they

are of high national importance.

12

amount of primary tree and forest products collected from each LCC or administrative unit and

thus a forest zone and entire country can be easily estimated. Once the amount collected of

different products is estimated, their economic value can be estimated by applying appropriate

valuation methods. The same principle of integration applies to other indicators that, for

example, do not measure the quantity of collection of products and their economic value, but

income by selling them.

Equations are developed for all indicators that integrate socio-economic information with

biophysical ones (see Annex 3 for equations for indicators presented in Table 1).

5 Examples of indicators requiring integration of socio-economic

and biophysical information

Example 1: Economic value of traditionally-marketed primary tree and forest

products in Bansthail forest range, Tangail district

In this example, we demonstrate the indicator of the economic value of traditionally-marketed

primary forest products using hypothetical variable values for Bansthail forest range in Tangali

district. The indicator represents the economic values of all primary forest products that are

collected by people from different LCC of the forest range mentioned above and traditionally

traded in the markets.

13 LCCs are identified in this range. The quantity and then the economic value of the

traditionally-marketed primary forest products collected from each LCC are estimated using

Equations (1) and (3), respectively (Annex 3). The economic value of products collected from

the Bansthail forest range is calculated by summing up the values of all LCCs (see Table 3).

Table 2 shows that a total of 11 traditionally-marketed primary forest and tree products are

collected from the different LCCs of the Bansthail forest range by the HHs. The quantity of

collection varies among the products, and so are economic values of them (Table 3 and Figure

2).

13

Figure 2: An example of indicative economic valuation of traditionally-marketed primary

tree and forest products in Bansthail forest range, Tangail district

14

Table 2: An example of quantity of indicative traditionally-marketed primary tree and forest products (QTP) collected from Bansthail

forest range Land cover class

Quantity collected per ha per year

Name

Area

(ha)

Timbe

r (m3)

Poles

(m3)

Tree

barks

(kg)

Fuelwood

(kg)

Tree

leaves

(kg)

Mush

rooms

(kg)

Bamboo

(number)

Rattan

(bundle)

Honey

(kg)

Fodder

(kg)

Tree

seedlings

(number)

Brickfields 85 NA NA NA NA NA 0.23 NA NA NA NA 3

Built-up non-

linear 59

NA NA NA

679

NA NA NA

1.70

Forest plantations 2,908 3.44 NA 0.03 1.38 0.02 3.44 0.10 0.02 1.03 7

Fresh water

aquaculture 3

NA NA NA

33.68

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Lake 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 94.08 NA

Multiple crop 4,849 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.03 NA

Orchards and

other plantations

(trees) 5,145

NA NA NA NA

0.19

NA NA NA

0.58 1

Perennial

Beels/Haors 6

NA NA NA NA 7,833.

85

NA NA NA NA NA

Plain land forest

(Sal forest) 709 1.41 70.48 2.82 42.29 0.10 28.19 NA 0.56 14.10 28

Ponds 29 NA NA NA 34.05 NA NA NA NA NA 10.21 NA

Rivers and Khals 135 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.96 NA

Rural settlement 4,616 2.17 2.17 10.83 6.50 0.22 64.99 0.11 0.04 3.25 3

Single crop 2,915 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.03 6,000

Total 21,463 5 73 99 758 7,884 1 97 2 1 128 6,042

15

Table 3: An example of indicative economic values of traditionally-marketed primary forest and tree products collected from Bansthail

forest range

Land cover class

Economic value in BDT/ha/year

Total value

(BDT/ha/yr)

Name Area

in ha

Timb

er Poles

Tre

e

bar

ks

Fuel

wood

Tree

leaves

Mushr

ooms

Bamb

oo

Ratt

an

Hon

ey

Fodd

er

Tree

seedlings

Brickfields 85 NA NA NA NA NA 94 NA NA NA NA 23 117

Built-up non-linear 59 NA NA NA 3,395 NA NA NA 34 NA NA NA 3,429

Forest plantations 2,908 1,032 NA 3 55 7 69 2 12 10 69 1,259

Fresh water aquaculture 3 NA NA NA 168 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 168

Lake 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 941 NA 941

Multiple crop 4,849 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 10 NA 10

Orchards and other plantations

(trees) 5,145

NA NA NA NA NA 77

NA NA NA 6 12

95

Perennial beels/haors 6 NA NA NA NA 3,13,354 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,13,354

Plain land forest (sal forest) 709 423 7,048 282 NA 1,691 39 562 395 141 282 10,865

Ponds 29 NA NA NA 170 NA NA NA NA NA 102 NA 272

Rivers and khals 135

NA NA NA NA

NA NA NA NA NA 30

NA 30

Rural settlement 4,616 NA 217 217 54 260 87 1,300 2 30 33 33 2,231

Single crop 2,915 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 10 21 31

Total 21,463 1,455 7,264 502 3,788 3,15,360 304 1,932 38 437 1,283 439 3,32,802

16

Example 2: Economic value of potable water collected in Khagrachari District

This example explains the indicator economic value of potable water using hypothetical

variable values for different LCCs in the Khagrachari district in Chittagong Hill Tracts. As the

name of the indicator suggests, it represents the monetary value potable water collected by

people from different LCCs in the Khagrachari district. The district has 12 LCCs.

Equation 8 (Annex 3) is used for estimating the value of potable water collected from different

LCCs. The results - presented in Table 4 and Figure 3 – show that the value of water collected

per ha is the highest for forest plantation, while the total value is the highest for shrub-

dominated area. The former is probably because of needing longer time for collection from

water from that LCC, while the latter is due to having largest area under that LCC in

Khagrachari.

Table 4: An example of indicative economic value of water collected from different LLC

in Khagrachari district

*By treating water.

Land cover class

Area

(ha)

A

Gross value

(BDT/ha/yr)

B

Value

added*

(BDT/ha/yr)

C

Economic value

per ha

(BDT/ha/yr)

D = B +C

Total

(BDT/yr)

E = D*A

Forest plantation 3 12,038 634 12,671 41,689

Hilly forest 41,638 4,437 234 4,671 194,494,079

Mixed hill forest 61,561 2,266 119 2,385 146,835,345

Multiple crop 11,709

94

5 99 1,163,646

Orchards and other

plantations (shrub)

5 0 0 0 0

Orchards and other

plantations (trees)

1,135 4,249 224 4,472 5,075,378

Rubber plantation 1,205 2,091 110 2,201 2,653,063

Rural settlement 15,483 5,228 275 5,503 85,200,473

Shifting cultivation 6,541 195 10 205 1,340,887

Shrub dominated

area

136,314 3,844 202 4,046 551,556,891

Single crop 18,980 747 39 786 14,917,958

Total 1,003,279,408

17

Figure 3: An example of indicative economic value of potable water collected in

Khagrachari district

18

Example 3: Gap between demand and supply of fuelwood in Chittagong district

The indicator gap between demand and supply of fuelwood present the difference between the

demand for and supply of fuelwood in a particular area. It is estimated using Equation (16)

(Annex 3) with hypothetical variable values. The results are presented in Figures 4 and 5. It

shows that the fuelwood demand exceeds the supply (i.e. deficit) in the urban areas, while there

are surplus in most rural areas. In particular, there is fuelwood deficit in all upzillas and thanas

that fall under the Chittagong City Corporation (Figure 5). This can be explained by the fact

that in urban areas tree resources are scarce, while in rural areas tree and forest resources are

not as scarce as in urban areas.

Figure 4: An example of gap between demand and supply of fuelwood in Chittagong

district

19

Figure 5: An example of upazilla/thana-wise distribution of gap between demand and

supply of fuelwood in Chittagong district

1. Conclusions

The document provides an analytical framework for integration between socio-economic

and biophysical information as well as calculation of indicators of the BFI project. The

framework is illustrated with three examples. The analytical framework shows that the

process of formulating criteria, indicators and variables of BFI followed a top-down

approach starting from the objectives, while the process of integrating these parameters into

each other was bottom-up. Separate variables were formed based socio-economic and

biophysical information, which were then integrated into indicators by defining appropriate

relationship among them through equations.

The document also shows that all indicators of BFI will provide useful information for

measuring progress Bangladesh’s with SDGs, 7FYP and CIP EFCC. This can be explained

by the fact that the BFI indicators are developed to measure the performance of activities

related to sustainable tree and forest management in the country. On the other hand, the

SDGs, 7FYP and CIP EFCC have goals and targets related to the sustainable management

of tree and forest resources.

-200,000

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20

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FAO. (2015). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 - Desk reference. FAO. (2017). Voluntary guidelines on national forest monitoring. Rome, Italy. Available at

http://www.fao.org/3/a-I6767e.pdf (last sighted on 30 October 2017). GED. (2015). Seventh Five Year Plan, FY2016 – FY2020, Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens. GoB. (2017). Country Investment Plan on Environment, Forestry and climate Change. Herr, A. (2007). Data integration issues in research supporting sustainable natural resource

management. Geographical Research, 45(4), 376-386. Junkins, B. (2005). Linking Science to Policy. In A. Lefebvre, W. Eilers, et B. Chunn (Ed.),

Environmental Sustainability of Canadian Agriculture: Agri-Environmental Indicator Report Series (Vol. 2, pp. 36). Ottawa, Ontario: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

Lockwood, A. C., Michael. (2000). Landcare and catchment management in Australia: lessons for state-sponsored community participation. Society & Natural Resources, 13(1), 61-73.

Larrubia, C. J., Kane, K. R., Wolfslehner, B., Guldin, R. and Rametsteiner, E. 2017. Using criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management A way to strengthen results-based management of national forest programmes. Rome, Italy. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6883e.pdf (last sighted on 30 October 2017).

Pirani, F. J., & Mousavi, S. A. (2016). Integrating socio-economic and biophysical data to enhance watershed management and planning. Journal of Hydrology, 540, 727-735.

Prabhu, R., Colfer, C., & Shepherd, G. (1998). Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management: new findings from CIFOR's forest management unit level research. Retrieved from

Process, T. M. (2015). Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests.

Schusler, T. M., Decker, D. J., & Pfeffer, M. J. (2003). Social learning for collaborative natural resource management. Society & Natural Resources, 16(4), 309-326.

Scott, C. T., Bush, & Brewer, K. (2015). Bangladesh Report for DTIM.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC649E/ac649e0b.htm

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6883e.pdf

21

7 ANNEXES

Dates Name of events Location

March 3&5th 2015 National Forest Inventory Information Needs

Workshop

Dhaka

May 29th 2016 Mission of Socio-economic Forestry Expert from

FAO HQ Rome

Dhaka

June 2nd 2016 National consultation on socio-economic monitoring

of Bangladesh Forest Inventory

Dhaka

June 20th 2016 Socio-economic expert group formed, several expert

group meetings held since June 2016 for developing

objectives, questions, indicators and identification of

variables

Dhaka

July 31st 2016 Participation workshop to establish a National

agriculture and rural survey calendar based upon

integrated planning of agriculture census and

surveys held in Thailand

Thailand

October 27th 2016

Participation at the book launching on Socio-

economic Surveys in Forestry-guidance and survey

modules for measuring the multiple roles of forests

in household welfare and livelihoods held in Italy

Italy

January 20th 2017 Development of socio-economic survey design

prepared by Arannayk Foundation in association

with Institute of Forestry and Environmental

Sciences, University of Chittagong

Dhaka

February 13th 2017 Pre-test the survey design with questionnaire Dhaka,

Chittagong,

Sylhet,

Khulna

February 23rd 2017 Mission of Delilah, Social Scientist from USFS Dhaka

February 25th 2017 Mission of Socio-economic Forestry Expert from

FAO HQ Rome

Dhaka

February 28th 2017 National consultation about the socio-economic

survey design

Dhaka

March 6th 2017 Testing survey design with questionnaire

incorporated with national consultation findings

Dhaka

July 16th 2017 Endorsement of the socio-economic survey design of

the Bangladesh Forest Inventory

Dhaka

Annex 1: Conducted events for the finalization of socio-economic monitoring for

BFI

22

ID_CRITE

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ID_INDICA

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UNIT

ID_VARIA

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VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

1 Biodivers

ity and

Conservat

ion

1.1.1. Compositi

on of

species in

different

dbh class

% 1.1.1.1 No. of

individual

species

per DBH

class

number

1.1.1.2 Total no.

of

individual

species in

certain

DBH

class

number

1.1.1.3 DBH

class

list

1.1.1.4 Proportio

n of n/N

of

individual

s of one

particular

species

%

1.1.1.5 Total

number of

individual

s

number

1.1.1.6 Zone list

1.2.2. Abundanc

e of the

species

number/ha 1.2.2.1 Total

number of

individual

of species

in all

quadrats/p

lots

number

1.2.2.2 Total

number of

quadrats

in which

the

species

occurred

number

1.2.2.3 Area of

sample

plot

ha

1.3.3. Number of

seedlings

number/ha 1.3.3.1 Name of

seedlings

list

1.3.3.2 Zone List

1.3.3.3 Area of

sample

plot

ha

1.3.3.4 Number

of

seedling

number

1.4.4. Dominant

tree

species

% 1.4.4.1 Relative

density

%

1.4.4.2 Relative

frequency

%

Annex 2: Criteria and indicators for the Bangladesh Forest Inventory

23

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1.4.4.3 Relative

dominanc

e

%

1.5.5. Recruitme

nt status of

tree

species

% 1.5.5.1 Number

of stem

stem/ha

1.5.5.2 Number

of

seedling

seedling/ha

1.5.5.3 Area of

land

ha

1.6.6. Exotic/Inv

asive

species in

different

zones

% 1.6.6.1 Total

number of

Exotic

species

number

1.6.6.2 Total

number of

species

number

1.7.7. Number of

tree

species

from the

Red List

whose

products

are traded

number/zone 1.7.7.1 Name of

threatened

tree

species

list

1.7.7.2 Number

of

threatened

tree

species in

trade

number

1.8.8. Number of

animal

species

from the

Red List

whose

products

are traded

number/zone 1.8.8.1 Name of

threatened

animal

species

list

1.8.8.2 Number

of

threatened

animal

species in

trade

number

1.9.9. Percentage

of

endangere

d animal

species

Percentage/zon

e

1.9.9.1 Number

of

endangere

d animal

species

number

1.9.9.2 Total

animal

species

number

1.10.10. Percentage

of

endangere

d tree

species

Percentage/zon

e

1.10.10.1 Number

of

endangere

d tree

species

number

1.10.10.2 Total tree

species

number

1.11.11. Protected

and

Conservati

on forest

area

% 1.11.11.1 Total

protected

area for

conservati

on

ha

24

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VARIABLE_

UNIT

1.11.11.2 Total land

area

ha

2 Disturban

ce, Forest

Degradati

on and

Resilienc

e

2.12.12. Level of

severity of

anthropoge

nic

disturbanc

es most

cited by

HHs in

each zone

% 2.12.12.1 Frequency

of HH

responses

on a

severity

level of

anthropog

enic

disturbanc

e

number

2.12.12.2 Most

important

anthropog

enic

disturbanc

es

list

2.13.13. Level of

severity of

natural

disturbanc

es most

cited by

HHs in

each zone


of HH

responses

on a

severity

level of

natural

disturbanc

e

number

2.13.13.2 Most

important

natural

disturbanc

es

list

2.14.14. Forest area

with

reduced

canopy

cover

ha 2.14.14.1 forest land

cover

polygons

with

reduced

canopy

cover

ha

3 Economic

s and

Livelihoo

d

3.15.15. Quantity

of each

primary

product

collected

in each

zone per

year

quantity unit/yr 3.15.15.1 Quantity

collected

by a

member

of ith HH

per day

quantity

unit/day/perso

n

3.15.15.2 Number

of family

members

of ith HH

involved

in product

collection

per day

number

3.15.15.3 Total

number of

days a

month the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

number of

days/month

25

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UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

in

collection

3.15.15.4 Total

number of

months

the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in

collection

number of

months/yr

3.15.15.5 Total

number of

HH in the

forest

zone

number

3.15.15.6 Total

number of

HH

Surveyed

number

3.16.16. Percentage

of

collected

primary

products

sold in

each zone

% 3.16.16.1 Quantity

of a

particular

product

sold per

month by

ith HH

Quantity

unit/month

3.16.16.2 Number

of months

a year the

ith HH sell

the

particular

products

number of

months/yr

3.17.17. Economic

value of

collected

primary

products

collected

in each

zone each

year

USD/ha/yr 3.17.17.1 Gross

value of

collected

products

per year

USD/yr

3.17.17.2 Price of

products

USD/unit

3.17.17.3 Cost of

collection

USD/yr

3.17.17.4 Number

of hours a

member

of ith HH

spent per

day in

collecting

hours/day

26

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ID_INDICA

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UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

the

products

3.17.17.5 Wage rate USD/day

3.17.17.6 Total area

of jth LCC

ha

3.18.18. Quantity

collected

per year of

each

primary

product

that are

important

for

livelihood

in each

zone

quantity/yr 3.18.18.1 Quantity

collected

by a

member

of ith HH

per day

quantity

unit/day/perso

n

3.18.18.2 Number

of family

members

of ith HH

involved

in product

collection

per day

number

3.18.18.3 Total

number of

days a

month the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in

collection

number of

days/month

3.18.18.4 Total

number of

months

the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in

collection

number of

months/yr

3.18.18.5 Total

number of

HH in the

forest

zone

number

3.18.18.6 Total

number of

HH

Surveyed

number

27

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VARIAB

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VARIABLE_

UNIT

3.19.19. Economic

value per

year of

collected

primary

products

collected

that are

important

for

livelihood

in each

zone


value of

collected

products

per year

USD/yr

3.19.19.2 Price of

products

USD/unit

3.19.19.3 Cost of

collection

USD/yr

3.19.19.4 Number

of hours a

member

of ith HH

spent per

day in

collecting

the

products

hours/day

3.19.19.5 Wage rate USD/day

3.19.19.6 Total area

of jth LCC

ha

3.20.20. Market

value per

year of

wild meat

and other

animal

products

sold

illegally by

HHs in

each zone

USD/yr 3.20.20.1 Quantity

collected

by a

member

of ith HH

per day

quantity

unit/day/perso

n

3.20.20.2 Number

of family

members

of ith HH

involved

in product

collection

per day

number

3.20.20.3 Total

number of

days a

month the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in

collection

number of

days/month

28

ID_CRITE

RIA

CRITER

IA

ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

3.20.20.4 Total

number of

months

the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in

collection

number of

months/yr

3.20.20.5 Total

number of

HH in the

forest

zone

number

3.20.20.6 Total

number of

HH

Surveyed

number

3.20.20.7 Quantity

of a

particular

product

sold per

month by

ith HH

Quantity

unit/month

3.20.20.8 Number

of months

a year the

ith HH sell

the

particular

products

number of

months/yr

3.21.21. Income

earned by

HHs by

selling

primary

tree and

forest

products in

each zone

per year


collected

by a

member

of ith HH

per day

quantity

unit/day/perso

n

3.21.21.2 Number

of family

members

of ith HH

involved

in product

collection

per day

number

3.21.21.3 Total

number of

days a

month the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in

collection

number of

days/month

29

ID_CRITE

RIA

CRITER

IA

ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

3.21.21.4 Total

number of

months

the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in

collection

number of

months/yr

3.21.21.5 Total

number of

HH in the

forest

zone

number

3.21.21.6 Total

number of

HH

Surveyed

number

3.21.21.7 Quantity

of a

particular

product

sold per

month by

ith HH

Quantity

unit/month

3.21.21.8 Number

of months

a year the

ith HH sell

the

particular

products

number of

months/yr

3.22.22. Income

earned by

HHs by

selling

processed

tree and

forest

products

(i.e. gross

value

added) in

each zone

per year


of

secondary

product

sold per

year by ith

HH

unit/yr

3.22.22.2 Price of

secondary

products

USD/unit

3.22.22.3 Raw

material

cost of the

ith HH

USD/unit

3.22.22.4 Transport

ation cost

per month

for selling

a product

by the ith

HH

USD/month

30

ID_CRITE

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ID_INDICA

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INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

3.22.22.5 Other cost

per month

for selling

a product

by the ith

HH

USD/month

3.22.22.6 cost of

hired

labour per

month for

producing

a product

by the ith

HH

USD/month

3.22.22.7 number of

months

per year

the ith HH

involved

in

productio

n and

selling

months/yr

3.22.22.8 number of

hours a

day the ith

HH spent

in

processin

g and

selling

hours/day

3.22.22.9 number of

days a

month a

member

of the ith

HH spent

in

processin

g and

selling

days/month

3.22.22.10 number of

family

members

of ith HH

involved

in

processin

g and

selling

number

3.23.23. Income

earned by

HHs from

employme

nt in

institutions

or

USD/yr 3.23.23.1 number of

months

per year

the

members

ith HH

employed

months/yr

31

ID_CRITE

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ID_INDICA

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INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

businesses

related to

tree and

forest

products in

each zone

each year

3.23.23.2 Number

of family

members

of ith HH

employed

number

3.23.23.3 Average

monthly

salary

USD/month

3.24.24. Percentage

of total

annual HH

income

contribute

d by

forests and

trees in

each zone

% 3.24.24.1 Total

income of

all HH in

a zone

USD/yr

3.25.25. Percentage

s of male

and female

involved in

collection

of primary

forest

products,

processing

and

employme

nt

% 3.25.25.1 Total

number of

female

involved

Number

3.25.25.2 Total

number of

male

involved

Number

3.26.26. Percentage

of HHs in

each zone

that are

dependent

on trees

and forests

for energy

for

cooking

and

heating

% 3.26.26.1 Total

number of

HH that

use

firewood

and other

tree

biomass

for energy

Number

3.27.27. Level of

dependenc

e most

cited by

HHs in

each zone

on trees

and forests

for

cooking

and

heating

energy


of HH

responses

on a

dependen

ce level

for energy

on trees

and forest

number

32

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ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

3.28.28. Economic

value of

potable

water per

year in

zone(s)

where it is

available


value of

collected

water

USD/yr

3.28.28.2 number of

hours a

member

of ith HH

spent per

day in

collecting

water

hours/day

3.28.28.3 number of

family

members

of ith HH

involved

in water

collection

per day

number

3.28.28.4 total

number of

days a

month the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in water

collection

days/month

3.28.28.5 total

number of

months

the

members

of the ith

HH are

involved

in water

collection

months/yr

3.28.28.6 cost of

water

collection

and

treatment

USD/yr

3.28.28.7 transporta

tion cost

per month

for the ith

HH for

water

collection

USD/month

3.28.28.8 treat cost

per litter

of water

by the ith

HH

USD/litre

3.28.28.9 quantity

of water

collected

litre/yr

33

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ID_INDICA

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OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

3.28.28.10 quantity

water

collected

by a

member

of ith HH

per day

litres/day

3.29.29. Employme

nt in forest

related

activities

% 3.29.29.1 People

employed

in forest

related

activities

number

3.29.29.2 Total

employme

nt

number

3.30.30. Public

expenditur

e in tree

and forest

manageme

nt

% 3.30.30.1 Expenditu

re in tree

and forest

conservati

on

BDT/yr

3.30.30.2 Total

expenditu

re

BDT/yr

3.31.31. Forest

sector

contributio

n in GDP

(%)

% 3.31.31.1 Forest

GDP

contributi

on

BDT/quantity

3.31.31.2 Total

GDP

BDT/quantity

4 Forest

area and

characteri

stics

4.32.32. Tree cover

change in

different

land cover

by zone

% 4.32.32.1 Land

cover

ha

4.32.32.2 Tree

cover

change

%

4.32.32.3 zone list

4.32.32.4 People

perception

on tree

and forest

cover

change?

list

4.32.32.5 Main

reason for

tree and

forest

resources

changes

list

4.33.33. Forest area

per capita

ha 4.33.33.1 Land

cover

ha

4.33.33.2 Total

populatio

n

number

4.33.33.3 zone list

4.33.33.4 Total

populatio

n

number

4.34.34. ha 4.34.34.1 Land

cover

ha

34

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LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

Land cover

change by

zone

change

area

4.34.34.2 zone list

4.35.35. Land cover

area by

zone

ha 4.35.35.1 Land

cover

ha

4.35.35.2 Zone List

4.36.36. Land area

under

afforestati

on

ha 4.36.36.1 Total

afforestati

on area

ha

4.36.36.2 Other

forest area

ha

4.36.36.3 Total

forest area

ha

4.37.37. Land area

under

reforestati

on

ha 4.37.37.1 Total

reforestati

on area

ha

4.37.37.2 Other

forest area

ha

4.37.37.3 Total

forest area

ha

4.38.38. Area of

forest

manageme

nt

activities

ha 4.38.38.1 Area of

forest

managem

ent

activities

ha

4.38.38.2 Other

forest area

ha

4.38.38.3 Total

forest area

ha

4.39.39. Amount of

fine woody

material

Mg/ha 4.39.39.1 Volume m^3

4.39.39.2 Density of

FWD

kg/m3

4.39.39.3 Area ha

4.40.40. Amount of

coarse

woody

debris

Mg/Ha 4.40.40.1 Volume m^3

4.40.40.2 Density of

CWD

kg/m3

4.40.40.3 Area ha

4.41.41. Abundanc

e of dead

trees

Number/Ha 4.41.41.1 Total no.

of

Standing

dead trees

in all plots

number

4.41.41.2 Total no.

of plot

where

dead trees

occurred

number

4.42.42. Biomass in

different

zones

kg 4.42.42.1 Diameter

breast

height

cm

4.42.42.2 Height m

4.42.42.3 Wood

density

m3

4.42.42.4 Zone List

35

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ID_VARIA

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VARIAB

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VARIABLE_

UNIT

5 Measurin

g

progress

towards

SFM

5.43.43. Frequency

of the

occurrence

of conflicts

associated

with trees

and forests

in each

zone per

year

number/yr 5.43.43.1 number of

occurrenc

e of social

conflicts

per year

mentioned

by ith HH

number/yr

5.44.44. Rate of

involveme

nt of

different

actors in

solving

conflicts in

each zone


of HH

responses

on a

particular

actor in

solving

social

conflicts

number

5.45.45. Level of

forest law

enforceme

nt cited the

most by

HHs in

each zone


of HH

responses

on a

particular

level of

law

enforceme

nt

number

5.46.46. Income

earned

from

involveme

nt in social

forestry

each year

in each

zone

USD/yr 5.46.46.1 income

per year

from

social

forestry of

ith HH

USD/yr

5.47.47. Income

earned

from

involveme

nt in co-

manageme

nt each

year (in sal

zone)

USD/yr 5.47.47.1 income

per year

from co-

managed

forests of

ith HH

USD/yr

5.48.48. Preference

for

different

types of

supports

provided


of HH

responses

on a

particular

support

number

5.49.49. Level of

involveme

nt of

different

actors in

terms of

providing

supports


of HH

responses

on a

particular

factor

number

36

ID_CRITE

RIA

CRITER

IA

ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

5.50.50. Percentage

of HHs in

each zone

receive

seedlings

from the

Banglades

h Forest

Departmen

t


of HH

receiving

seedlings

from HH

number

5.51.51. Average

number of

seedlings

received

by HHs in

each zone

Number 5.51.51.1 number of

seedlings

received

from

Banglades

h Forest

Departme

nt ith HH

number

5.52.52. Money

paid HHs

per

seedling

on average

in each

zone

USD/seedling 5.52.52.1 money

paid per

seedling

by ith HH

USD/seedling

5.53.53. Number of

species of

seedlings

received

by HH in

each zone

Number 5.53.53.1 number of

species of

seedlings

received

from

Banglades

h Forest

Departme

nt ith HH

number

5.54.54. Level of

satisfactio

n cited the

most by

HHs in

each zone


of HH

responses

on a

particular

level of

satisfactio

n with

species

number

Ownershi

p

6.55.55. Percentage

s of value

of different

products

shown by

different

land

ownership

types in

each zone

% 6.55.55.1 Value of

products

collected

from a

particular

ownership

type

USD/yr

6.56.56. Percentage

of HHs in

each zone

having

secure

tenure

right to

land with

trees and

forests


of HHs

having

secured

land

tenure

rights

number

37

ID_CRITE

RIA

CRITER

IA

ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

7 Forest

Productiv

ity

7.57.57. Compositi

on of

species in

different

Height

class

% 7.57.57.1 No of

individual

species

per Height

class

number

7.57.57.2 Height

class

List

7.57.57.3 No of

individual

species

per Height

class

number

7.58.58. Growing

stock in

different

zone

m3/ha 7.58.58.1 Basal area m2

7.58.58.2 Height m

7.58.58.3 Zone list

7.59.59. Growing

stock in

other

wooded

land

m3/ha 7.59.59.1 Basal area m2

7.59.59.2 Height m

7.59.59.3 Zone list

7.60.60. Above-

ground

biomass

forests

kg/ha 7.60.60.1 Diameter

breast

height

cm

7.60.60.2 Height m

7.60.60.3 Wood

density

m3

7.60.60.4 Zone List

7.61.61. Above-

ground

other

wooded

land


breast

height

cm

7.61.61.2 Height m

7.61.61.3 Wood

density

m3

7.61.61.4 Zone List

7.62.62. Amount of

below

ground

biomass


breast

height

cm

7.62.62.2 Height m

7.62.62.3 Wood

density

m3

7.62.62.4 Zone List

7.63.63. Amount of

Below-

ground


breast

height

cm

38

ID_CRITE

RIA

CRITER

IA

ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

biomass -

other

wooded

land

7.63.63.2 Height m

7.63.63.3 Wood

density

m3

7.63.63.4 Zone List

7.64.64. Volume of

dead wood

in forest

m^3/ha 7.64.64.1 Volume

of dead

wood

m^3

7.64.64.2 Area ha

7.65.65. Volume of

dead wood

in other

wooded

land

m^3/ha 7.65.65.1 Volume

of dead

wood in

other

wooded

land

m^3

7.65.65.2 Area ha

7.66.66. Carbon in

above

ground

biomass in

forest

ton/ha 7.66.66.1 Above

ground

biomass

kg

7.67.67. Carbon in

above

ground

biomass in

ToF


ground

biomass

kg

7.68.68. Amount of

Carbon in

below-

ground

biomass in

forest


ground

biomass

kg

7.69.69. Carbon in

below

ground

biomass in

ToF


ground

biomass

kg

7.70.70. Amount of

Subtotal

carbon in

living trees

in forest

Mg/ha 7.70.70.1 Bulk

density

g.m3

7.70.70.2 Soil depth cm

7.70.70.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

7.71.71. Amount of

subtotal

carbon in

living in

other

wooded

land


density

g.m3


7.71.71.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

39

ID_CRITE

RIA

CRITER

IA

ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

7.72.72. Amount

Carbon in

woody

debris in

forest


density

g.m3


7.72.72.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

7.73.73. Carbon in

woody

debris in

ToF


density

g.m3


7.73.73.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

7.74.74. Carbon in

litter in

forest


density

g.m3


7.74.74.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

7.75.75. Amount of

Carbon in

litter - ToF


density

g.m3


7.75.75.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

7.76.76. Amount of

soil carbon

in forests


density

g/m3


7.76.76.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

7.77.77. Amount of

soil carbon

in ToF


density

g.m3


7.77.77.3 Organic

Carbon

content

%

7.77.78 Gap

between

demand

and supply

of

fuelwood

Tons/yr 7.77.78.1 Quantity

fuelwood

collected

by ith HH

per year

ton

7.77.78.2 Quantity

fuelwood

consumed

by ith HH

per year

ton

8 Protective

Functions

8.78.78. Economic

value of

the

Sundarban

s and

coastal

plantations

in terms of

protection

from

USD/event 8.78.78.1 Damaged

per event

to ith

control

HH

USD/event

8.78.78.2 Damaged

per event

to ith

treatment

HH

USD/event

40

ID_CRITE

RIA

CRITER

IA

ID_INDICA

TOR

INDICAT

OR

INDICATOR_

UNIT

ID_VARIA

BLE

VARIAB

LES

VARIABLE_

UNIT

tropical

storms per

year

8.78.78.3 Number

of control

HH

number

8.78.78.4 Number

of

treatment

HH

number

8.78.78.5 total

number of

control

HH

number

8.78.78.6 total

number of

treatment

HH

number

41

Indicator: Quantity of each primary product collected

Unit: quantity per ha per yr

Equation:

𝑸𝑪𝒒𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 =

∑ (𝑄𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝑀𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁

𝐴𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗(1)

where

QCqLLCj = Quantity of product q collected from jth LLC per ha per year

QHHi = Quantity collected by ith HH per month

FMHHi =Number of family members of ith HH involved in collection product q

DHHi = Total number of days in a month the members of ith HH are involved in

collection

MHHi = Total number of months in a year the members of ith HH are involved in

collection

N =Total number of HH in a forest zone

n = number of HH surveyed in a forest zone

ALCCj = Total area of jth LCC

Indicator: Share of collected primary products sold in each zone

Unit: %

Equation:

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒒𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒅 =(

∑ (𝑞𝑠𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝑚𝑠𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁)

𝑄𝐶𝑞𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗𝐴𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗100 (2)

where,

qsHHi= Quantity of product q sold per month by ith HH

msHHi= Number of months in a year the ith HH sell the product q

the rest symbols denote as in (1)

Annex 3: Equations for estimating selected indicators requiring integration of

socio-economic and biophysical information

42

Indicator: Economic value of primary products collected

Unit: BDT per ha per yr

Equation:

𝐄𝐕𝑷𝒓𝒊𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒔 = ∑ 𝑵𝑽𝒒𝒎𝒒=𝟏 (3)

where

𝑵𝑽𝒒 =∑ (𝐺𝑉𝑞𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗𝐴𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗−𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑞𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗)𝑘

𝑗=1

∑ 𝐴𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗𝑘𝑗=1

(4)

𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒒𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 =∑

(𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝐹𝑀𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝐷𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝑀𝐻𝐻𝑖) 𝑊

8𝑛𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁 (5)

𝑮𝑽𝒒𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 = 𝑄𝐶𝑞𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗𝑝𝑞 (6)

EVPriProducts = Economic value of all primary products collected per ha per year

NVq = Economic value of product q collected from a forest zone

GVqLCCj = Gross value of product q

CostqLCCj = Cost of collecting product q from jth land cover class

k = total number of LLCs

HHHi = Number of hours a member of ith HH spent per day in collecting product q

FMHHi = Number of family members of ith HH involved in product collection per day

DHHi = Total number of days in a month the members of the ith HH are involved in

collection

MHHi =Total number of months in a year the members of the ith HH are involved in

collection

W = Wage rate per day

pq = Price of product q

m = Total number of products

the rest symbols denote as in (1 -2)

Indicator: Quantity collected per year of each primary product that is important for

livelihood

Unit: quantity per ha per yr

Equation: Equation (1) applies here.

Indicator: Economic value of collected primary products those are important for

livelihood


Equation: Equations (3 - 6) apply here.

43

Indicator: Income earned by HHs by selling primary tree and forest products per year


𝑰𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝑷𝒓𝒊𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒔 = ∑ 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒒𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒅𝑵𝑽𝒒𝒎𝒒=𝟏 (7)

where,

m = number of primary products collected

the rest symbols denote as in (1-6)

Indicator: Market value of wild meat and other animal products traded illegally per year


Equation: Equation (7) applies here.

Indicator: Economic value of potable water per year

Unit: BDT/ha/yr

Equation: Production cost method will be used as potable water collected is not traditionally

marketed and thus does not have a market price. The time spent for collection and cost of

transporting water to home will determine the value of collection. Thus the economic value

of water can be calculated as follows:

𝑬𝑽𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 =∑ (𝐺𝑉𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟−𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗+𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟−𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗) 𝑘

𝑗=1

∑ 𝐴𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗𝑘𝑗=1

(8)

where,

𝑮𝑽𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓−𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 =∑

(𝐻𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝐹𝑀𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝐷𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝑀𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖) 𝑊

8𝑛𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁 (9)

𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝑪𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓−𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 =∑ ( 𝑡𝑐𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝑀𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛

𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁 (10)

𝑸𝑪𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓−𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 =∑ (𝑄𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖∗ 𝐹𝑀𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖∗ 𝐷𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖 ∗ 𝑀𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛

𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁 (11)

EVwater = Economic value of water collected

GVwater-LCCj = Gross value of water collected from jth LCC

VAwater-LCCj = Valued added to water collected from jth LCC

Hwa-HHi = Number of hours a member of ith HH spent per day in collecting water

FMwa-HHi= Number of family members of ith HH involved in water collection per day

Dwa-HHi = Total number of days a month the members of ith HH are involved in water

collection

Mwa-HHi= Total number of months the members of the ith HH are involved in water

collection

tcwa-HHi= Transportation cost per month for the ith HH for water collection

QCwater-LCCj= Quantity water collected from jth LCC per year

Qwa-HHi= Quantity water collected by a member of ith HH per day


44

Indicator: Water treatment cost

Unit: BDT per litre

𝑻𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝑪𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 =∑ (𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝐶𝑤𝑎−𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛

𝑖=1

𝑛(12)

Where,

TreatCwater= Average treatment cost per litre of water collected

TreatCwa-HHi= Treatment cost per liter of water by the ith HH


Indicator: Income from social forestry

Unit: BDT per yr

Equation:

𝑺𝑭𝑩 =∑ 𝑆𝐹𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑠−𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗

𝑘𝑗=1

∑ 𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐶𝑗𝑘𝑗=1

(13)

where

𝑺𝑭𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒕𝒔−𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 =∑ (𝐵𝑠𝑓−𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛

𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁 (14)

SFB = Social forestry income per ha per yr

SFBenefits-LCCj = Social forestry income per year from jth LCC

Bsf-HHi= Social forestry income per year by ith HH


Indicator: Income from co-managed forests

Unit: BDT per yr

Equation:

𝑪𝑴𝑩 =∑ 𝐶𝑀𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑠−𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑗

𝑘𝑗=1

∑ 𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐶𝑗𝑘𝑗=1

(15)

where

𝑪𝑴𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒕𝒔−𝑳𝑪𝑪𝒋 =∑ (𝐶𝑀𝑠𝑓−𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛

𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁 (16)

CMB = Social forestry income per ha per yr

CMBBenefits-LCCj = Social forestry income per year from jth LCC

CMsf-HHi= Social forestry income per year by ith HH


45

Indicator: Gap between demand and supply of fuelwood

Unit: Tonnes per yr

Equation:

𝑸𝑪𝒇𝒘 =∑ 𝑓𝑤𝐻𝐻𝑖

𝑛𝑖=1 −∑ (𝑄𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝐹𝑀𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝐷𝐻𝐻𝑖 𝑀𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛

𝑖=1

𝑛𝑁 (17)

where

QCfw= Quantity of fuelwood collected by ith HH per year

fwHHi = Quantity fuelwood consumed by ith HH per year


Indicator: Economic value of protection from tropical storms

Unit: BDT per km width of forests per yr

Equation:

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 = (∑ (𝐷𝑚𝑔𝑐𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛𝑐

𝑖=1

𝑛𝑐−

∑ (𝐷𝑚𝑔𝑡𝐻𝐻𝑖)𝑛𝑡𝑖=1

𝑛𝑡) 𝑁 (18)

Protectionvalue = Protection value of each km width of forest

DmgcHHi= Damage per storm to ith control HH

DmgtHHi= Damage per storm to ith treatment HH

nc= Number of control HH

nt= Number of treatment HH


criteria and indicators of the bangladesh forest inventory:...

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