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VOL. CLXVIII . . . . No. 58,143 © 2018 The New York Times Company SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 2018

Two men are each trying to become thefirst to finish the 921-mile odysseycompletely unsupported. PAGE 1

SPORTSSUNDAY

Crossing Antarctica. Alone.

After Lawrence G. Nassar’s sentencing,U.S.A. Gymnastics’ decisions created abacklash that left it teetering. PAGE 1

A Gymnastics Rebellion

Michelle Goldberg PAGE 1

SUNDAY REVIEW

Starting today, Sunday Business gets anew look, along with new columns thatdispense advice on the office, moneyand careers; reveal the workweekdiaries of a rising generation of talent;and recap the week in business andpreview the week to come. The coverstory is about Hollywood, a year after#MeToo.

SUNDAY BUSINESS

A Redesigned Section

Well-off city dog owners are sendingtheir furry best friends on long hikes inthe woods while they work. PAGE 1

SUNDAY STYLES

City Dogs Gone Country

Shoyna, a fishing village in Russia’sfrigid far north, is slowly vanishingunder dunes that are engulfing entirehouses. PAGE 6

INTERNATIONAL 4-15

A Village Swallowed by Sand

Original stories by Mi-chael Cunningham onMontreal, Sarah Hall onTurkey, Lauren Groff onFlorida and more in TMagazine’s travel issue.

SPECIAL SECTIONS

Fiction for TravelersThis year’s offering ofThanksgiving recipes isfor pies, but with a twistand flair — from a two-tone ginger custard to acranberry herringbone.

Thanksgiving PiesThe Times is sortingthrough six million of thephotographs in its ar-chives to make themdigitally available to thepublic.

Past Tense

The Times traveled hundreds ofmiles into the Brazilian Amazon,staying with a tribe in theMunduruku Indigenous Territory.

By ERNESTO LONDOÑOThe miners had to go.Their bulldozers, dredges and

high-pressure hoses tore intomiles of land along the river, pol-luting the water, poisoning the fishand threatening the way life hadbeen lived in this stretch of the

Amazon for thousands of years.So one morning in March, lead-

ers of the Munduruku tribe read-ied their bows and arrows,stashed a bit of food into plasticbags and crammed inside fourboats to drive the miners away.

“It has been decided,” said Ma-ria Leusa Kabá, one of the womenin the tribe who helped lead the re-volt.

The confrontation had begun.The showdown was a small part

of an existential struggle indige-

nous communities are wagingacross Brazil. But the battle goesfar beyond their individual sur-vival, striking at the fate of theAmazon and its pivotal role in cli-mate change.

In recent years, the Braziliangovernment has sharply cutspending on indigenous commu-nities, while lawmakers havepushed for regulatory changeschampioned by industries seek-ing unfettered access to parts of

Deep in Amazon, a Lopsided Battle for Its Riches

Munduruku tribe members crossing protected land in Brazil that was ruined by illegal gold mining.MERIDITH KOHUT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page 14

BASE CAMP DONNA, Tex. —Sgt. 1st Class Daniel Micek, a pla-toon sergeant with the 89th Mili-tary Police Brigade, tore open thebrown packaging of his M.R.E. onThursday.

It was a chicken and noodledish, one of the more sought-afterrations because it came with Skit-tles. But from the cot outside hisplatoon’s tent at the Army’s latestforward operating base, Sergeant

Micek could almost see the brightorange and white roof ofWhataburger, a fast-food utopiaeight miles away but off limits un-der current Army rules. Thedesert tan flatbed trucks at thebase are for hauling concertinawire, not food runs.

Such is life on the latest frontwhere American soldiers are de-ployed. The midterm elections areover, along with PresidentTrump’s rafter-shaking rallieswarning that an approaching mi-grant caravan of Central Ameri-cans amounts to a foreign “inva-

sion” that warrants deploying upto 15,000 active-duty militarytroops to the border states ofTexas, Arizona and California.

But the 5,600 American troopswho rushed to the brown, dryscrub along the southwest borderare still going through the motionsof an elaborate mission that ap-peared to be set into action by acommander in chief determinedto get his supporters to the polls,and a Pentagon leadership unableto convince him of its perils.

Instead of watching footballwith their families on this Veter-

ans Day weekend, soldiers withthe 19th Engineer Battalion, freshfrom Fort Knox, Ky., were pains-takingly webbing concertina wireon the banks of the Rio Grande,just beneath the McAllen-Hidal-go-Reynosa International Bridge.

Nearby, troops from Joint BaseLewis-McChord in WashingtonState were making sure a sick calltent was properly set up next totheir aid station. And a few milesaway, Staff Sgt. Juan Mendozawas directing traffic as his engi-neer support company from Fort

No Combat Pay. Little Electricity. Just Waiting for the Caravan.This article is by Thomas Gib-

bons-Neff, Helene Cooper andTamir Kalifa.

Soldiers at their camp near Donna, Tex., expect to spend Thanksgiving deployed on a mission that President Trump boasted about but that the Pentagon is wary of.TAMIR KALIFA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page 26

The Rev. Joseph Musser’s fam-ily has always lived in the regionof Alsace, but not always in thesame country.

His grandfather fought for theGermans in World War I, and hisfather for the French in World WarII. Today, no one is fighting any-more. His great-niece lives inFrance but works in Germany,crossing the border her ancestorsdied fighting over without evennoticing it.

It is this era of peace and bor-derless prosperity that champi-ons of the European Union con-sider the bloc’s singular achieve-ment.

“The foundation of the Euro-pean Union is the memory of war,”said the Reverend Musser, 72.“But that memory is fading.”

On Sunday, as dozens of worldleaders gather in Paris to markthe centenary of the armisticethat ended World War I, the chainof memory that binds Mr.Musser’s family — and all of Eu-rope — is growing brittle.

The anniversary comes amid afeeling of gloom and insecurity asthe old demons of chauvinism andethnic division are again spread-ing across the Continent. And asmemory turns into history, onequestion looms large: Can welearn from history without havinglived it ourselves?

In the aftermath of their cata-clysmic wars, Europeans bandedtogether in shared determinationto subdue the forces of national-ism and ethnic hatred with a vi-sion of a European Union. It is nocoincidence that the bloc placedpart of its institutional headquar-ters in Alsace’s capital, Stras-bourg.

But today, its younger genera-tions have no memory of industri-alized slaughter. Instead, their

Century Later,War’s DemonsRevisit Europe

By KATRIN BENNHOLD

Continued on Page 10

WASHINGTON — For Demo-crats, the victories, near wins andstinging losses on Tuesday haveintensified a debate in the partyabout how to retake the WhiteHouse, with moderates arguingthey must find a candidate whocan appeal to President Trump’ssupporters and historically Re-publican suburbanites, and pro-gressives claiming they needsomeone with the raw authentici-ty to electrify the grass roots.

Rather than clarifying whatstrategy to adopt for 2020, thepatchwork of outcomes has onlydeepened the party’s disagree-ments. Both wings of the party arenow wielding fresh evidence fromthe midterm results to make theircase about the best path to assem-ble 270 electoral votes and oustMr. Trump from office.

At the center of the dispute isRepresentative Beto O’Rourke ofTexas, who has not even said hewould consider a 2020 bid butwhose competitive campaignagainst Senator Ted Cruz galva-nized Democrats nationwide.

The schism reflects the party’slongstanding internecine ten-sions, which flared again this yearwhen insurgents on the left chal-lenged establishment-alignedcandidates while voicing urgent

Democrats FindNo Map in 2018To a Sure 2020

By JONATHAN MARTINand ALEXANDER BURNS

Continued on Page 23

LOS ANGELES — After a masskilling in Santa Barbara in 2014,California passed a law that let po-lice officers and family membersseek restraining orders to seizeguns from troubled people. A yearlater, a shooting rampage in SanBernardino led to voters approv-ing a ballot proposition to outlawexpanded magazines for guns andrequire background checks forbuying ammunition.

The state has also banned as-sault weapons and regulates am-munition sales — all part of a waveof gun regulation that began aquarter century ago with a massmurder at a San Francisco lawfirm.

California may have the tough-est gun control laws in the nation,but that still did not prevent thelatest mass killing — a shooting onWednesday that left 12 peopledead at the Borderline Bar & Grillin Thousand Oaks.

The community of ThousandOaks is just starting to grieve itslosses, and investigators are stillcombing through the backgroundof the gunman, who was founddead after the shooting. But guncontrol activists and politicians inthe state are already weighingwhat more can be done, andwhether existing measures could

Tough on GunsBut EvaluatingAfter Rampage

By TIM ARANGOand JENNIFER MEDINA

Continued on Page 18

The Democrat slid into the lead in therace to fill Jeff Flake’s Senate seat. Butdays of tabulating remain. PAGE 21

NATIONAL 16-30

Arizona Is Still Counting

WASHINGTON — Turkey saidon Saturday that it had turnedover audio recordings of the bru-tal killing of a Saudi journalist tothe United States and other West-ern countries, intensifying thepressure on President Trump totake stronger punitive stepsagainst his allies in Saudi Arabia.

The disclosure, made by Presi-dent Recep Tayyip Erdogan, washis first public acknowledgmentof the existence of recordings ofthe murder of the journalist, Ja-mal Khashoggi, in the Saudi Con-sulate in Istanbul last month.Saudi Arabia has acknowledgedthat its operatives killed Mr.Khashoggi but denied that the at-tack was ordered at the top levelsof the royal court.

“We gave them the tapes,” Mr.Erdogan said at a news confer-ence in Ankara before flying toParis to join Mr. Trump and otherleaders at an international gather-ing. “They’ve also listened to theconversations, they know it.There is no need to distort this.”

The White House declined tosay whether it had a copy of the re-cording. But if true, Mr. Erdogan’sclaim puts Mr. Trump in a deeplyawkward position, suggesting hepossesses direct evidence of Mr.Khashoggi’s killing, even as hehas resisted tough sanctionsagainst the Saudis and declined tosay exactly who he believes wasresponsible for the crime.

The Trump administration hastaken modest steps against theSaudi government, suspendingair-refueling flights for the Saudimilitary campaign in Yemen andpreparing human rights sanctionsagainst Saudis who have been

TURKEY SAYS U.S. HAS AUDIO PROOF CRITIC WAS KILLED

A KHASHOGGI RECORDING

Claim May Raise DoubtsAbout Trump’s Stance

on Saudi Allies

By MARK LANDLERand DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK

Continued on Page 9

The New York Times’s 107th annualNeediest Cases Fund kicks off with alook at charity volunteers. PAGE 22

‘How Can I Help?’

President Trump met withPresident Emmanuel Macronamid tensions over European se-curity and trade. Page 10

Trump in France

Printed in Chicago $6.00

Varying amounts of clouds. Cold.Highs in upper 30s to middle 40s.Mostly cloudy tonight. Rain or snowsouth late. Lows in 20s to the 30s.Details, SportsSunday, page 10.

National Edition