Rhode Island Convention Center • Providence, Rhode Island

Critical Infrastructure and Resiliency Benefits of CHPand CHP Technical Assistance

Session: Enabling Technologies for Energy Resiliency 

Beka KosanovicU.S. DOE Northeast Combined Heat and Power Technical Assistance Partnership (CHP TAP)

August 11, 2016

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President’s Executive Order 13624: 40GW of new CHP by 2020

DOE’s AMO CHP Deployment Program assists industrial, institutional, commercial, and multifamily facilities/buildings to accelerate investment in energy‐efficient CHP thereby improving competitiveness, heightening energy security, and  protecting our environment.  The DOE CHP Technical Assistance Partnerships (CHP TAPs) provide:•Regional CHP expertise•Fact‐based, un‐biased information on CHP:

• Technologies

• Project development

• Project financing

• Local electric and natural gas supplier interfaces

• State best practice policies

•Vendor, fuel, and technology neutral assessments of CHP viability

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DOE CHP Technical Assistance Partnerships (CHP TAPs)

• Market Opportunity AnalysisSupporting analyses of CHP market opportunities in diverse markets including industrial, federal, institutional, and commercial sectors

• Education and Outreach Providing information on the energy and non‐energy benefits and applications of CHP to state and local policy makers, regulators, end users, trade associations, and others.

• Technical AssistanceProviding technical assistance to end‐users and stakeholders to help them consider CHP, waste heat to power, and/or district energy or microgrid with CHP in their facility and to help them through the development process from initial CHP screening to installation. www.energy.gov/chp

DOE's CHP TAPs promote and assist in transforming the market for CHP, waste heat to power, and district energy or microgrid with CHP throughout the United States. Key services include:

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CHP: A Key Part of Our Energy Future Form of Distributed Generation 

(DG)

An integrated system

Located at or near a                        building / facility

Provides at least a portion of the electrical load and

Uses thermal energy for:

– Space Heating / Cooling

– Process Heating / Cooling

– Dehumidification

CHP provides  efficient, clean, reliable, affordable energy –today and  for the future.

Source: www.energy.gov/chp

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Fuel 100 units

CHP75% efficiency

Total Efficiency~ 75%

Fuel

Fuel

30 units

Power Plant32% efficiency(Including T&D)

Onsite Boiler80% efficiency

45 units

ElectricityElectricity

HeatHeat

Total Efficiency~ 50%

94 units

56 units

30 to 55% less greenhouse gas emissions

CHP Recaptures Heat of Generation, Increasing Energy Efficiency, and Reducing GHGs

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What Are the Benefits of CHP?

CHP is more efficient than separate generation of electricity and heat

Higher efficiency translates to lower operating cost, (but requires capital investment)

Higher efficiency reduces emissions of all pollutants

CHP can also increase energy reliability and enhance power quality

On‐site electric generation reduces grid congestion and avoids distribution costs

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Emerging Drivers for CHP

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o Benefits of CHP recognized by policymakers

o President Obama signed an Executive Order to accelerate investments in industrial EE and CHP on 8/30/12 that sets national goal of 40 GW of new CHP installation over the next decade

o State Portfolio Standards (RPS, EEPS, Tax Incentives, Grants, standby rates, etc.)

o Favorable outlook for natural gas supply and price in North America

o Opportunities created by environmental drivers

o Utilities finding economic value

o Energy resiliency and critical infrastructure

DOE / EPA CHP Report (8/2012)

Executive Order: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/30/executive-order-accelerating-investment-

industrial-energy-efficiency Report:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/pdfs/chp_clean_energy_solution.pdf

CHP Today in the United States

• 82.7 GW of installed CHP at over 4,400 industrial and commercial facilities 

• 8% of U.S. Electric Generating Capacity; 14% of Manufacturing 

• Avoids more than 1.8 quadrillion Btus of fuel consumption annually

• Avoids 241 million metric tons of CO2 compared to separate production

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Critical Infrastructure and Resiliency Benefits of CHP

“Critical infrastructure” refers to those assets, systems, and networks that, if incapacitated, would have a substantial negative impact on national security, national economic security, or national public health and safety.”Patriot Act of 2001 Section 1016 (e)  

Applications:

o Hospitals and healthcare centers

o Water / wastewater treatment plants

o Police, fire, and public safety 

o Centers of refuge (often schools or universities)

o Military/National Security

o Food distribution facilities

o Telecom and data centers

CHP (if properly configured):o Offers the opportunity to

improve Critical Infrastructure (CI) resiliency

o Can continue to operate, providing uninterrupted supply of electricity and heating/cooling to the host facility

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Resilient University Microgrids in Super-storm Sandy The College of New Jersey (NJ) – 5.2 MW CHP

◦ “Combined heat and power allowed our central plant to operate in island mode without compromising our power supply.” ‐ Lori Winyard, Director, Energy and Central Facilities at TCNJ

Fairfield, University (CT) – 4.6 MW CHP◦ 98% of the Town of Fairfield lost power, university only lost power for a brief period at 

the storm’s peak◦ University buildings served as area of refuge for off‐campus students

Stony Brook University (LI, NY) – 45 MW CHP◦ < 1 hour power interruption to campus of 24,000 students (7,000 residents)

NYU Washington Square Campus (NY, NY) – 13.4 MW CHP

Princeton University (NJ) – 15 MW CHP◦ CHP/district energy plant supplies all heat and hot water and half of the electricity to 

campus of 12,000 students/faculty◦ "We designed it so the electrical system for the campus could become its own island in 

an emergency. It cost more to do that. But I'm sure glad we did.“ – Ted Borer, Energy Manager at Princeton University [see Wednesday am Ted Talk]

http://www.districtenergy.org/26th‐annual‐campus‐energy‐conference/

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Super Storm Sandy CHP

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Princeton University, NJ Stony Brook Univ, NY

Fairfield, CT Ewing, NJ12

CHP and Critical Infrastructure“Critical infrastructure” refers to those assets, systems, and networks that, if incapacitated, would have a substantial negative impact on national security, national economic security, or national public health and safety.” Patriot Act of 2001 Sec. 1016 (e)  

Critical Infrastructure CHP Applications:

o Military and national securityo Hospitals and healthcare centerso Water and wastewater

treatment plantso Police, fire, and public safety o Centers of refuge (often schools

or universities)o Food distribution facilitieso Telecom and data centers

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Resilient Critical Infrastructure in Super-storm Sandy

Danbury Hospital (Danbury, CT) – 4.5 MW CHP◦ supplies 371 bed hospital with power and steam to heat buildings, sterilize 

hospital instruments & produce chilled water for AC◦ $17.5 million investment, 3‐4 year payback, cut AC costs 30%

Nassau Energy Corp. (Long Island, NY) – 57 MW CHP◦ Supplies thermal energy to 530 bed Nassau University Medical Center, Nassau 

Community College, evacuation center for County ◦ No services lost to any major customers during Sandy

The Long Island Home (Long Island, NY) – 1.3 MW CHP◦ Serves 197 bed South Oaks Hospital and 320 resident Broadlawn Manor◦ Stayed operational and isolated from LIPA grid for 15 days

Hartford Hospital/Hartford Steam (CT) – 14.9 MW CHP

Bergen County Utilities Wastewater (Little Ferry, NJ) ‐ 2.8 MW CHP 

◦ Process sewage for 47 communities)

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Combined Heat and Power: Enabling Resilient Energy Infrastructure for 

Critical Facilities

Read More:

Oak Ridge National LaboratoryMarch 2013

https://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/pdfs/chp_critical_facilities.pdf

Guide to Using Combined Heat and Power for Enhancing Reliability and

Resiliency in Buildings

DOE and EPASeptember 2013

http://www.southwestchptap.org/Data/publications/chp_for_reliability_guidance.pdf

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CHP Project ResourcesGood Primer Report DOE/EPA Catalog

of CHP Technologies (updated 2014)

energy.gov/chpwww.epa.gov/chp/chp-technologies

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CHP Project ResourcesDOE Project Profile Database

(150+ case studies)

energy.gov/chp-projects

DOE Database of Incentives & Policies (DSIRE)

www.dsireusa.org

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CHP Project ResourcesDOE CHP Installation Database

(List of all known CHP systems in U.S.)

Low-Cost CHP Screening and Other Technical Assistance from

the CHP TAP

energy.gov/chp-installs energy.gov/chp-contacts

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CHP Technical Assistance

Screening and Preliminary

AnalysisFeasibility Analysis

Investment Grade Analysis

Procurement, Operations,

Maintenance, Commissioning

Uses available site information.Estimates savings,Installation costs, simple paybacks, equipment sizing and type.

Quick screening questions with spreadsheet payback calculator.

3rd Party review of engineering analysis. Review equipment sizing and choices.

Review specifications and bids, limited operational analysis.

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Important Concern about energy costs Concern about power reliability Concern about sustainability 

and environmental impacts Long hours of operation Concurrent thermal loads or 

Storage Central heating and cooling 

distribution system

Favorable Characteristicsfor CHP Applications

Helpful Future central plant replacement and/or upgrades

Future facility expansion or new construction projects

EE measures already implemented

Access to nearby renewable fuels

Facility energy champion

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Screening QuestionsWhat makes a “good” CHP project?

Do you pay more than $.06/kWh on average for electricity (including generation, transmission and distribution)?

Are you concerned about the impact of current or future energy costs on your business?

Are you concerned about power reliability? Is there a substantial financial impact to your business if the power goes out for 1 hour? For 5 minutes?

Does your facility operate for more than 6000 hours per year?

Do you have thermal loads throughout the year (including steam, hot water, chilled water, hot air, etc.)?

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Screening QuestionsWhat makes a “good” CHP project?

Does your facility have an existing central plant? Do you expect to replace, upgrade, or retrofit central 

plant equipment within the next 3‐5 years? Do you anticipate a facility expansion or new 

construction project within the next 3‐5 years? Have you already implemented energy efficiency 

measures and still have high energy costs? Are you interested in reducing your facility's impact on 

the environment? Do you have access to on‐site or nearby biomass 

resources (i.e. landfill gas, farm manure, food processing waste, etc.?

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High level assessment to determine if site shows potential for a CHP project◦ Qualitative Analysis

– Energy Consumption & Costs– Estimated Energy Savings &

Payback– CHP System Sizing

◦ Quantitative Analysis– Understanding project drivers– Understanding site

peculiarities

DOE TAP CHP Screening Analysis

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CHP TAP Feasibility Analysis (Technical and Financial)

Feasibility Analysis typically involves: Electrical load profiling (minimum of 12 month prior electric 

usage ‐ hourly/daily) Thermal load profiling(minimum of 12 month prior fuel usage ‐

hourly/daily) Thermal use determination (opportunities to use the heat) Unit sizing Installation cost estimations (including available incentives) Financial calculations (simple payback, ROI, etc.) Other CHP system benefits (environmental, resiliency, etc.)

Screening and Preliminary Analysis

Feasibility Analysis Investment Grade Analysis

Procurement, Operations, Maintenance, Commissioning

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CHP TAP 3rd Review: Investment Grade Audit

Independent Review of an Engineering Firm’s Analysis encompassing:• Feasibility Analysis results • Design specifications • Equipment sizing and selection• Facility design for “balance of plant” (items needed to install

CHP but not part of CHP unit – e.g. piping, switchgears, pumps, etc.)

• Utility interconnection studies, if appropriate

Screening and Preliminary Analysis

Feasibility Analysis Investment Grade Analysis

Procurement, Operations, Maintenance, Commissioning

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CHP TAP Procurement, O&M and Commissioning Support

Services include:• Support preparation of an RFP for engineering and CHP

equipment• Review of specifications and bids• Review of O & M procedures• Assess “as-built” to ensure design specifications met and

facility operating as expected

Screening and Preliminary Analysis

Feasibility Analysis Investment Grade Analysis

Procurement, Operations, Maintenance, Commissioning

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Factors For Successful CHP Development

CHP Champion on staff Include CHP in the initial design or master plan Interaction and Relationship with local Utility System design

◦ Collaborate with DOE CHP TAPs◦ Experienced project developer preferred◦ Visit DOE CHP Deployment website for project profiles 

www.energy.gov/chp

Operation and Maintenance◦ Requires trained personnel or 3rd party with appropriate CHP 

O&M training

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Proposed Packaged CHP Accelerator

Purpose: to increase the penetration of CHP in the commercial building and manufacturing sectors estimated at ~ 85GW of technical potential:◦ Targeted at packaged system requirements of 10 MW or below◦ Designed to reduce perceived risks to both end users and CHP system 

vendors and speed install time

◦ Builds off of the NYSERDA packaged CHP program

CHP Accelerator has two primary parts:◦ National electronic Catalog (eCatalog) of approved packaged CHP 

systems by pre‐qualified CHP system vendors◦ Market Mover Partners providing market engagement for CHP 

programs at the state, local and utility level, from outreach efforts to incentive programs

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Next Steps

We invite you to: Work with us to perform CHP Qualification 

Screening/Feasibility Analyses for your facilities Call us with questions on Federal and State policies 

and incentives for CHP Let us know about CHP projects under development Stay in touch to learn about upcoming events, 

including site tours, workshops/webinars and publications

Thank You

A program sponsored by

www.energy.gov/chp

Beka Kosanovic, NE CHP TAP Co-Director(413) 545-0684, kosanovic@umass.edu

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Claudia Tighe, CHP Deployment Program Manager 202-287-1899, Claudia.Tighe@ee.doe.gov