Critical Pedagogy in TESL/TEFL

Critical Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLHow Far Can We Go?Niswatul MustafidahNunuk ApriliantiPraisya JovaniUsman EffendiJoaninho Xavier

Critical Pedagogy Ice-BreakerQQ (Quick Questions)

Discuss your idea of Critical Pedagogy orDiscuss your idea of Pragmatic Pedagogy.HighlightApproaches in TESL/TEFLCritical pedagogyPragmatic pedagogyAiming to understand the path for better practices in teaching.Discussing its relevance to teaching English in Indonesian.

An approach to teaching and curriculum; Seeks to understand and critique the historical and sociopolitical context of schooling and to develop pedagogical practices that aim not only to change the nature of schooling, but also the wider society." (Pennycook, 1990a).

IntroductionCritical pedagogy emphasizes sociocultural & political dimensions of education (Freire, 1970)

Students and teacher act upon their sociopolitical surroundings as a result of what takes place in their classes.IntroductionTypes of Education

ModernismEmphasizes positivism in science and continual progress technology. All the advancement in science and technology, however, could not solve human problems as poverty, injustice, and oppression in society persist. IntroductionPoint of departure of CP(Why it exists):The failure of liberal/pragmatic education that focuses on the freedom and unlimited creativity of individuals. Postmodernism

a combination of reactionary and progressive possibilities & is critical to the grand project of enlightenment: reason and sciences could solve all problems of modern humanity.

Pedagogy gains the attribute critical it tends to be critical to the dominant power & the dominant discourse in the local and global society.

Critical Pedagogy Language Education.

A text is not an object The creation of texts and their interpretation are situated in the settings of social contexts and local practices. Autonomous situated Individual social Cognitive material Formal ideological Spatial historical In positivists views, literacythe ability to read and to writeis considered autonomous, objective, and it is a technology that shapes human cognition Introduction

Simon-Maeda (2004)Nine English female teachers in Japan (strong male-dominated society). It gives a glimpse on EFL female teachers lives and their struggle for life trajectory and career development. (Although the study does not directly provide an intersection between gender and English language teaching)

Soreide (2006)Norwegian female teachers identity construction (in positioning and negotiation). It does not directly link gender with English language teaching but the narratives of the female teachers could shed lights on how female teachers identities are acted out in narratives.Issues of Teachers Identities (Racial, Sexual, and Cultural)Introduction

Doubts about CPs effectiveness at the level of classroom practices.Introduction

Pragmatic education that inherits their thoughts from the positivists and naturalists views and by exploring the topic.

View the idea critically by contrasting it with the views of neo-pragmatic pedagogyIntroduction11Critical Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLThe Stances of Educators & Researchers Can be Seen in 4 areasThe purpose of education to develop critical thinking by presenting the students situation to them as a problem.The curriculum content derives from the life situation of the learners as expressed in the themes of their reality.Dialogue forms the content of educational situation.The organization of curriculum recognizes the class as a social entity and resources.

Critical Pedagogy in TESL/TEFL10 Principles in EFL/ESL (Crookes & Lehner, 1998)

The task of planningThe teacher participates as a learner among learners.Teachers contribute their ideas, experience, opinions, and perceptions to the dialogical processThe teachers function is one of posing problems.The students possess the right and power to make decisions

Critical Pedagogy in TESL/TEFL10 Principles in EFL/ESL (Crookes & Lehner, 1998)

John Dewey1859 - 1952Dewey considered as :The father of pragmatic pedagogyThe father of education philosophy

Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLIn English for Academic Purposes (EAP), pragmatic pedagogy along with critical pedagogy suggests what is called critical pragmatic pedagogy (Harwood and Hadley, 2004)

Critical pedagogy in TESL/TEFL is the ability to apply the competence to develop critical awareness Pragmatic pedagogy is a communicative action (Biesta 1994/1995)Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFL

Critical Pragmatic Pedagogy has 2 objectives :1. To help students perform well in their academic courses while encouraging them to question 2. Shape the education they are being offered (Benesch, 2001, p. xvii)Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLCritical Pragmatic PedagogyThe idea of Deweys democratic society is

One that permits growth of both the individual and the society in progressive directionsPragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFL2 (two) concepts of Deweys original idea (1916) in maintaining and developing a democratic society.1. The number of shared interests existing in the groups of the societyThe significance of common interest that could bring A unity and accumulate the individuals efforts to Achieve common goals Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFL2. The degree of fullness and freedom to interactThe advancement of a society depends on interactions.

By encountering with other groups, there will be learning taking place so that the advancement and progress can be maintained.Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLThe main difference of conception between Deweys democratic society & the one of critical

Dewey suggests the maintenance of order and modern achievements and he conceptualizes progress as an evolution

Critical pedagogues see critically the current democratic society that inherits the oppressive culture of modernism and capitalism (Freire, 1970)

Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLPragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLPragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLThe InfluenceEnglish education in Kachrus (1997) Pragmatic pedagogy is not as a result of linguistic colonialism but as opening the door for more opportunities.Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLA Representation of Educationlearning English to access economic capitals, science, and technology.

Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLThe Emphasisas used to access resources or as a tool for individual and societal advancementThe point of view of pragmatistsEnglish should be freed from the burden of history and should be viewed as a communicative tool for access and equality and for the advancement of individuals and the society.

Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLMaterials & Methods in the ClassroomPragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLThe individual who is to be educated is a social individual, and that society is an organic union of individuals. If we eliminate the social factors from the child we are left only with an abstraction; if we eliminate the individual factor from the society, we are left only with an inert and lifeless mass.

Pragmatic Pedagogy in TESL/TEFLCritics on pragmatic pedagogyCritics on critical pedagogy by pragmaticists in TESL/TEFL Understanding & continuing dialogue from the two camps could bring a productive & sustainable progress in TESL/TEFL.DiscussionLacking in political stances & tend to be neutral avoiding critical ideas on societys problemsAs a manifestation of liberal education the heir of modernism that cannot solve modern societal problems & has stuck in the celebration of individualism.The lack of social concerns (as commonly accepted characteristics of the pragmatic education) might not be accurate as many pragmatists embrace the idea of social construction & sociocultural perspective. DiscussionCritics on Pragmatic Pedagogy

Not many directly challenges it.Widely accepted concepts of multiculturalism. Inclusiveness, and equalityHas adopted & incorporated the others perspectives in their practicesDiscussionCritics on Critical Pedagogy

Johnstons Putting critical pedagogy in its place: a personal accountCritical PedagogyJohnstonsTendency of seeing the language classroom in terms of power relations View of education as primarily politicsIts position related to postmodernismClassroom as a place where social interaction take place (offer and transact values)Might not serve the students interest, but serve teachers.Might bring fragmentation & a descent into relativism of all kinds (political & social as well as cultural)

DiscussionDiscussionThe idea of social awareness, social interactions, and political dimension in educationUnderstanding both approaches could lead teachers to understand their roles & agency related to students English acquisition.Relevance for Teaching English in IndonesiaSignificances of the Pedagogies in Indonesian Teaching ContextConclusionSimulation of Reading Class Using Critical PedagogyPre-Reading ActivitiesTeachers Role: Students Role:Simulation of Reading Class Using Pragmatic PedagogyPre- Reading Activities:Teachers Role:Students Role: