crop yield and weed suppression in three different ... et... · antichi d.1, bigongiali f. 1, bocci...

Results In case of lettuce, precision hoeing performed before harvest reduced to zero weed biomass in all the systems. Crop yield was significantly higher in IS than CS, whilst no differences were found with respect to OS. In spinach we observed a lower weed biomass at harvest and a higher marketable fresh yield under IS and OS than in CS. IS and OS were more expensive than CS only as a consequence of the major labour demand due to hoeing and hand weeding, whilst soil disinfection costs almost the same. Materials & Methods The trial started in 2009 at the CIRAA “Enrico Avanzi” (University of Pisa, Italy) and is still on-going. The experimental design is a RCB (Randomized Complete Block) with 3 replications. Plot size is 50 x 1.5 m. The three management systems are characterized by different initial soil disinfection treatments, different weed control and different fertilization strategies. Steaming was performed with the self- propelled machine Celli Ecostar SC 600 and the subsequent physical treatments were carried out with a precision hoe equipped with rigid elements and elastic tines for intra-row and in-row weed control, respectively. Crop yield and weed suppression in three different vegetable management systems in Central Italy Aim of the study To compare a conventional (CS), an integrated (IS) and an organic (OS) management systems within the same vegetable crop rotation (lettuce, spinach, carrot, cauliflower). In this preliminary analysis we focus on the agronomic (yield and weed management), operative (machine performances and labour time) and economic aspects of the first two crops. Antichi D. 1 , Bigongiali F. 1 , Bocci G. 1 , Fontanelli M. 2 , Frasconi C. 2 , Ginanni M. 2 , Peruzzi A. 2 , Raffaelli M. 2 & Bàrberi P. 1 1 Land Lab, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy, [email protected] 2 MAMA - DAGA, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy LETT TUCE SPIN NACH TOTAL Marketable Fresh Yield (t ha -1 ) Weed Dry Matter (t ha -1 ) Marketable Fresh Yield (t ha -1 ) Weed Dry Matter (t ha -1 ) Crop production costs (€ ha -1 ) CS 9.69 b 0.00 3.40 b 0.08 a 4,998 IS 15.88 a 0.00 4.94 a 0.01 b 6,872 OS 13.37 ab 0.00 4.83 a 0.01 b 6,565 Significance * - ** * - LSD 4.59 - 0.47 0.06 - CS ‣ Soil steaming (pure steam); ‣ Post-emergence chemical weed control: 1600 g ha -1 of propyzamide for lettuce; 960 g ha -1 phenmedipham+69 g ha -1 fenoxaprop-P-ethyl for spinach; ‣ Mechanical weed control when necessary; ‣ Mineral fertilization IS ‣ Soil steaming (steam + 4000 kg ha -1 CaO); ‣ Physical weed control; ‣ Mineral-organic fertilization OS ‣ Biofumigation: 3000 kg ha -1 Biofence ® Brassica juncea L. meal); ‣ Physical weed control; ‣ Organic fertilization Acknowledgements - This research activity was funded by ENDURE (European Network for Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies, project number 031499, EU 6FP). Thursday, March 24, 2011

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Page 1: Crop yield and weed suppression in three different ... et... · Antichi D.1, Bigongiali F. 1, Bocci G. 1, Fontanelli M. 2, Frasconi C. 2, Ginanni M. 2, Peruzzi A. 2, Raffaelli M

Results

In case of lettuce, precision hoeing performed before harvest reduced to zero weed biomass in all the systems. Crop yield was significantly higher in IS than CS, whilst no differences were found with respect to OS.

In spinach we observed a lower weed biomass at harvest and a higher marketable fresh yield under IS and OS than in CS.

IS and OS were more expensive than CS only as a consequence of the major labour demand due to hoeing and hand weeding, whilst soil disinfection costs almost the same.

Materials & Methods

The trial started in 2009 at the CIRAA “Enrico Avanzi” (University of Pisa, Italy) and is still on-going. The experimental design is a RCB (Randomized Complete Block) with 3 replications. Plot size is 50 x 1.5 m.

The three management systems are characterized by different initial soil disinfection treatments, different weed control and different fertilization strategies.

Steaming was performed with the self-propelled machine Celli Ecostar SC 600 and the subsequent physical treatments were carried out with a precision hoe equipped with rigid elements and elastic tines for intra-row and in-row weed control, respectively.

Crop yield and weed suppression in three different vegetable management systems in Central Italy

Aim of the study

To compare a conventional (CS), an integrated (IS) and an organic (OS) management systems within the same vegetable crop rotation (lettuce, spinach, carrot, cauliflower). In this preliminary analysis we focus on the agronomic (yield and weed management), operative (machine performances and labour time) and economic aspects of the first two crops.

Antichi D.1, Bigongiali F. 1, Bocci G. 1, Fontanelli M. 2, Frasconi C. 2, Ginanni M. 2, Peruzzi A. 2, Raffaelli M. 2& Bàrberi P. 1

1 Land Lab, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy, [email protected] MAMA - DAGA, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

LETTUCELETTUCE SPINACHSPINACH TOTAL

Marketable Fresh Yield

(t ha-1)

Weed Dry Matter(t ha-1)

Marketable Fresh Yield

(t ha-1)

Weed Dry Matter(t ha-1)

Crop production

costs(€ ha-1)

CS 9.69 b 0.00 3.40 b 0.08 a 4,998

IS 15.88 a 0.00 4.94 a 0.01 b 6,872

OS 13.37 ab 0.00 4.83 a 0.01 b 6,565

Significance * - ** * -

LSD 4.59 - 0.47 0.06 -

CS‣ Soil steaming (pure

steam);‣ Post-emergence chemical

weed control: 1600 g ha-1 of propyzamide for lettuce; 960 g ha-1 phenmedipham+69 g ha-1 fenoxaprop-P-ethyl for spinach;‣ Mechanical weed control

when necessary;‣ Mineral fertilization

IS‣ Soil steaming (steam + 4000 kg ha-1

CaO);‣ Physical weed control;‣ Mineral-organic fertilization

OS‣ Biofumigation: 3000 kg ha-1 Biofence®

Brassica juncea L. meal);‣ Physical weed control;‣ Organic fertilization

Acknowledgements - This research activity was funded by ENDURE (European Network for Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies, project number 031499, EU 6FP).

Thursday, March 24, 2011

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