CROSS-FEATURES & NORMATIVE ASSETS OF SMART CITIES &

INDUSTRY 4.0 Mokhtar BEN HENDA

Bordeaux-Montaigne University, France

Hanoï, 14 November 2018

Smart systems conceptual framework

Generation layering of systems intelligence:

Intelligent Web

Smart city

Smart factory

Smart society

Artificial Intelligence pedigrees

Algorithms

Iot (IIot)

Web 1.0 – The static web

Web 2.0 – The writing and

participating web

(Collaborative, social networks)

Web 3.0 – The semantic web

Semantic markup to provide

context to data

web service to support

computer-to-computer

interaction over the Internet.

Web 4.0 (5.0) - Open, Linked

and Intelligent Web = Emotional

Web (“symbiotic” web)

Communicates with us like we

communicate with each other

Implies Artificial Intelligence

(Smart)

Industry 1.0 – machine power

Industry 2.0 - technological

revolution (electricity)

Industry 3.0 – digital era

Calculators and computers in

the production process

Development of

communication technologies

Machines abolish the need

for human power.

Industry 4.0 (5.0) – Smart

factories

Machine no longer need

manpower;

IoT allows a product factory to

manage itself virtually;

Prevalence of algorithms & AI

Smart Cities 1.0: Technology

Driven

Smart Cities 2.0: Technology

Enabled, City-Led

Smart Cities 3.0: Citizen co-

creation

Active citizens in local projects

Smart city 4.0 (5.0?) - Co-

Innovation

Develop skills for Industry 4.0

Implementations of AI, IoT, Big

Data and Cloud on City

Planning and Development

Improving Citizens’ Lifestyle

with Smart Utilities

The “4.0” generation paradigm: intelligent systems

The web generations: crossing the chasm!

Web 5.0: Emotive (Neurotechnology)

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

The Industrial generations ... back to real world

4. Industrial

revolution Based on cyber-

physical-

systems

3. Industrial revolution Through the use of electronics

and IT further progression in

autonomous production

2. Industrial revolution Introducing mass production

lines powered by electric

energy

1. Industrial revolution Introducing mechanical

production machines powered

by water and steam

End of the

18th century. Beginning of the

20th century

Beginning of the

70th

Industry 1.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 4.0

Le

ve

l o

f c

om

ple

xit

y

Today

Source: DFKI/Bauer IAO

Sh

ift

Back from cyber

to real

environment

2015

5. Industrial revolution

through a closer

cooperation between man

and machine (Cobots)

Industry 5.0 … back to real world

Priority:

apply efficiently combined

workforce of machines and

people (Co-working)

The disruption:

Industry 4.0 valorizes best

quantity and mass production;

Industry 5.0 valorizes quality of

life standard, creativity and

high-quality custom-made

products (personalized).

COBOT or co-robot (from collaborative robot) is a

robot intended to physically interact with humans in

a shared workspace.

https://medium.com/@michael.rada/industry-5-0-definition-6a2f9922dc48

Smart city generations … the Citizen as key stakeholder Smart Cities 1.0: Technology Driven

Adoption of technology solutions (tech-driven futuristic urban vision);

Driven by private sector technology companies (Maket incentives);

Missing out on how cities interact with their citizens (no public polict)

Smart Cities 2.0: Technology Enabled, City-Led

Led by cities, as opposed to technology providers;

Technology solutions as enablers to improve quality of life;

Barcelona: more than 20 smart-citiy-program areas and literally more than 100 active smart-

citiy-projects (public Wi-Fi, intelligent lighting, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, etc.

Smart Cities 3.0: Citizen co-creation

Citizens as investors in local projects for co-creation of improved quality of life;

Example: Vancouver Greenest City 2020 Action Plan: 30,000 citizens involved.

A Smart City 4.0?

A unique initiative that will develop skills for Industry 4.0 (Berkley University project)

Accelerates technologies from young innovators, start-ups and large corporations to create

the best solutions for making cities smart, safe and sustainable. .

The 3 Generations Of Smart Cities. Fast Company Newslerter, October 2015

?

Smart city 5.0: Barcelona virtual model

Source: https://www.socinfo.es/contenido/seminarios/0508smartcities7/JuliaLopez.pdf

Industry 4.0 as part of Smart city Conjunction of the Smart City Initiative and the concept of

Industry 4.0 through:

Cyber-Physical System (CPS): networking machines and

components;

Internet of Things (IoT): a network of physical products

embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network

connectivity allowing collection and exchange of data

Internet of Services (IoS): advanced connectivity of

devices and products via machine-to-machine (M2M) or

human-to-machine (H2M) communications

Internet of People (IoP): Cyber-Physical System with

enhanced, people-centric applications (health monitoring,

social networks enhancement)

Internet of Energy (IoEn): integrated dynamic network

infrastructure interconnecting energy network with the

Internet

Internet of Everything (IoEv):

Smart society 5.0 , a ‘New ‘concept ? Proposed in the 5th Science and Technology

Basic Plan (Japan, 2016) as a future society for

Japan.

A natural evolution from:

Society 1.0: Hunting(prehistoric),

Society 2.0: Agricultural (Human settlement),

Society 3.0 (18th Century Industrial revolution)

Society 4.0 (20th Century Information Society)

Society 5.0 : A human-centered society by a

system that highly integrates cyberspace and

physical space

Sensors Big data AI Data Analysis

Feedback to humans in different forms

(DataViz)

Source: http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/society5_0/index.html

Intelligence, a common key concept of « 4.0 » generations

Intelligence in smart materials, systems and

machines:

Awareness and reaction are key attributes of smart

technology;

Ability to sense changes in the technological environment

and autonomous reaction to execute measures to adapt to the

change (Machine/Deep Learning);

Use of coherent systems of sensing and measurement;

All is made with devices, algorithms and processes

Worden, K., Bullough, W.

A., & Haywood, J. (2003).

Smart Technologies.

World Scientific.

Algorithms, the pedigree of intelligence (human and artificial)

An algorithm is a way of reasoning

(if…then…else // for … do, …);

Our behaviors are all based on

cognitive ‘algorithms’ (reasoning with

inferences, correlations, analogies…);

Algorithms are an ubiquitous part of

our lives (social and cultural)

A kitchen receipt,

A friendship code,

A marketing process,

… everything starting from xxx to conclusion Leo Hickman, The Guardian, 1 Jul 2013

Algorithms, the pedigree of intelligence (human and artificial) Artificial: mathematical instructions for computers to instruct

“a step-by-step procedure for calculations” (Wikipedia)

Memex machine of Vanevar Bush (As we may think, 1945)

Turing test (1950): whether or not computer(machine) can

think intelligently like human

Some computer algorithms are designed to allow computers

to learn on their own (i.e., facilitating machine learning and

automated reasoning) Deep Learning Intelligence !

Internet of Things: conveys Articial intelligence

New IoT solutions have in-

built AI capabilities from

the beginning

Smart objects:

Interact automatically with

people & other Smart Objects;

Interact automatically with

physical and virtual world

At the very base of Smart cities

and Internet 4.0

Source : Angelique Kramer. Erb's Technology Sollutions, 2017

What makes Smart cities « Intelligent »: (Smart City Wheel)

Six action areas of intelligent objects

1.Smart economy

2.Smart governance

3.Smart environment

4.Smart mobility

5.Smart population

6.Smart living environment

Source [Boyd Cohen, “The Smartest Cities in the World 2015: Methodology”, Nov. 2014]

Smart City Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Characteristics-and-factors-of-smart-city-Giffinger-et-al-2007_fig1_317305617

European Commission Smart city KPIs Indicators for the evaluation framework is based on

an inventory of the needs of cities and citizens:

People 1.Encouraging a healthy lifestyle

2.Waiting time

3. Quality of public transport

4.Improved flexibility in delivery services

5.Increased environmental awareness

6.Improved digital literacy

7.People reached

8. Increased participation of vulnerable groups

9.Increased use of groundfloors

Planet

1.Life time extension

2.Reduction in water consumption

3.Self-suffiency – Water

4.Self-suffiency – Food

Prosperity

1.Certified companies involved in the project

2.Green public procurement

3.Stimulating an innovation environment

4.Quality of open data

Governance

1.Involvement of the city administration

2.Bottom-up or top-down initiative

3.Participatory governance

Propagation

1.Smart city project visitors

Source: http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/CITYkeysD14Indicatorsforsmartcityprojectsandsmartcities.pdf

24-01-2017

Different city contexts, different classsifications

Each city develops its own vision of intelligence;

Each city meet special needs and face particular challenges;

Each city has its own experience with Smart systems;

What makes Industry 4.0 « Intelligent »: (I4.0 Wheel)

Nine smart system-areas

1.Cybersecurity

2.Augmented reality

3.Big Data

4.Robots

5.Additive manufacturing

6.Simulation

7.System integration

8.Could computing

9.IoT

Source [Boyd Cohen, “The Smartest Cities in the World 2015: Methodology”, Nov. 2014]

Industry 4.0 Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

KPIs are metrics that include

business dimensions like

customer, financial and process-

related views of the business,

along with measurement factors

like cost, productivity and

quality..

Source: https://www.silvon.com/blog/defining-kpis-manufacturing-business/

Smart emergent ICT: innovation measuring systems

Smart systems should be based on

innovative technologies;

Successful Smart systems should be

based on good knowledge of the

lifestyles, cultures, behaviors and needs

of the population;

Gartner Inc. is an information technology

(IT) research and consultancy company

that provides insights about emerging

technologies and their market impact

Gartner Hype Cycle of emerging technologies, 2018

Emerging

technologies for

2018

Gartner Hype Cycle of emergent technologies, 2017

Emerging

technologies for

2017

Gartner Hype Cycle of Artificial Intelligence 2017

Emerging

technologies

related with

Artifical

Intelligence for

2017

Hype Cycle for Internet of Things, 2017

Emergent

technologies

related with

Internet of

Things for 2017

Hype Cycle for Smart cities, 2012

Emergent

technologies

related with

Smart cities for

2012

Standards

Standardization bodies

Smart city standardization

Industry 4.0 standardization

Standardization bodies

Main goals of standardization process Interoperability among networks, sensors,

and heterogeneous systems;

Capability of two or more networks, systems,

devices, applications, or components to share

and readily use information securely and

effectively with little or no inconvenience to the

user;

Convergence of different technologies

A process by which telecommunications,

information technology and the media, sectors

that originally operated largely independent of

one another, are growing together.” (Papadakis,

2007).

Smart phone is a good example of converging

several technologies, communication and

broadcast media into one device (mobile

phone, camera, mp3 player, etc.)

Smart city standards

Smart City main Standardization bodies

ISO : International Standards Organisation;

Advisory Group on the Smart Cities Strategy (ISO-AGSC);

Technical Committee 268: Sustainable Development in Communities

IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission: International

Standards for All Electrical, Electronic and Related Technologies;

ITU: International Telecommunications Union;

Focus Group on Smart and Sustainable Cities (FG-SSC);

CEN/CENELEC/ETSI : Coordination Group focused on smart and

sustainable cities and communities;

CEN: European Committee for Standardization;

CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization;

ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

Smart City Standards production process

Strategic: advice on the process of

developing an intelligent and

effective global strategy for SCs

(priorities, roadmap, monitoring and

evaluation of progress);

Process: Acquisition and

management of SC projects, best

practices and associated guidelines;

Techniques: implementation of

products and services

Source : [BSI (2015), "Smart cities overview – Guide", BSI Standards Publication, PD

8100:2015]

Smart City Standardization cooperation process

Integrated approach: a global network rather than a set of distinct

sectors,

Source : [BSI (2015), "Smart cities overview – Guide", BSI Standards Publication, PD 8100:2015]

Smart City Standardization cooperation process

Liaison between standardization bodies

Source : Sustainability 2016, 8(3), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030206

(IFP)

Industry 4.0 standards

Overview of Industry 4.0 standards

Overview of Industry 4.0 key standards producers

ISO manufacturing–based standards Almost 1700 standards dealing with

« Automation systems »

IEC industry-based standards

IEEE IoT-based standards Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

DIN (Germany): a leader in Industry 4.0 standardization

The Standardization Council has the task to

coordinate standardization and regulation work in

the field of Industrie 4.0 in Germany and beyond.

The Plattform Industrie 4.0 primary objectives :

To secure and develop Germany’s top international

position in industrial manufacturing

To produced the “Reference Architectural Model

Industrie 4.0 » (RAMI 4.0) as a reference architecture

model to implement Industry 4.0 solution.

Reference Architectural Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0)

Architecture that offers the

capabilities to connect things even

though they should come from

different sources and design in

using administration shell as digital

interface (Interoperability).

Source: https://www.2b1stconsulting.com/industrie-4-0-or-industry-4-0/

Reference Architectural Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0)

Source: http://i40.semantic-interoperability.org/

A set of fondamental standards

are proposed within the

framework of RAMI 4.0, related

with:

Safety / Security / Semantics /

Hierarchy levels / Information

Layer / Communication layer /

Digital Factory / Configuration /

Life-cycle / Condition / Energy

Building smart cities & Industry 4.0 in Vietnam

Clear Government directions on using the advantages of Industry 4.0 and ICT infrastructure.

Major ICT and telecom groups such as Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group (VNPT), Viettel, FPT and

CMC Corporation have been setting up departments specializing in studying and developing technological

applications and smart urban area solutions.

Vietnam has several advantages:

Most public services are now online (88%),

Good telecommunication infrastructure,

High rate of internet users (54% of the country’s population),

In 2016, Vietnam ranked 79th among the 139 countries in networked readiness index (NRI) and 3rd in terms of

telecommunications affordability.

However, still difficulties in building smart urban areas, especially for limited capital and lack of international

standards

At the recent Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo 2018 in Hanoi, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc said Vietnam is

ready to overcome any challenges ahead, moving forward to grasp opportunities presented by Industry 4.0.

He said Vietnam has been researching new global technologies – such as the Internet of Things, big data and

artificial intelligence – to improve its competitiveness and boost innovation.

Source: The Voice of Vietnam, Monday, 07/16/2018. https://english.vov.vn/society/building-smart-cities-trend-of-industry-40-379133.vov

Le Quoc Huu, Chief Architect of Smart City of mobile

network operator Viettel: The Voice of Vietnam, Monday,

07/16/2018

Some recommendations Smart cities is one of the multiple challenges of XXIst C.

Acting with combined strategy of Revolution 4.0 and

Smart cities improves quality of life, developing

prosperity;

Recommendations to help Vietnam to capture the

opportunities offered by both technologies:

1. Legal framework,

2. Science & Technology development in combination with

human resource development (refined skills),

3. Developing communications industry,

4. Subscribing into international standards,

5. Strengthening international cooperation,

6. Creating a dynamic business environment that promotes

pervasive and ubiquitous smart technologies in the

society ...

VASS: International Workshop "Industrial Revolution 4.0: opportunities and challenges for Europe and experiences for Vietnam“, October 26, 2018

http://en.utc2.edu.vn/cooperations/international/the-intentional-conference-building-

smart-cities-in-vietnam-vision-and-solutions-6.html