Cross Sectional Anatomy

Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M)

ABDOMEN Musculo-Skeletal

System Psoas muscle Crura of Diaphragm Vertebra Ilium Pubic Ribs

ABDOMEN

Digestive system Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Accessory organs

• Liver & gall bladder

• Bile ducts• Pancreas

Esophagus Anterior to vertebral

bodies; aorta Posterior & medial to

stomach Stomach Fundus-superior to EG

junction; very posterior

Body-more anterior than fundus

Pylorus-retroperitoneal & medial

Small Intestine Duodenum-

retroperitoneal Jejunum-anterior

midabdomen Ileum-anterior in pelvis Large intestine Cecum-retroperitoneal Ascending colon-

retroperitoneal Hepatic flexure-posterior Transverse colon-most

anterior Splenic flexure-most

superior

Descending colon-retroperitoneal

Sigmoid colon-anterior

Rectum-retroperitoneal

Accessory Organs Liver Right lobe Left lobe Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe Falciform ligament Ligamentum

venosum

Gall bladder Pancreas

Head Tail Body

Lymphatic System Spleen

LUQ Posterior to

stomach

Endocrine System Adrenal Glands

Retroperitoneal Superior poles of

kidneys

Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra

KidneysRetroperitonealCortex-doughnutRt-post. to liverLt-post. to stomach,

pancreas, spleen

Ureters Retroperitoneal Ant. to IIA & IIV;

Post. to EIA & EIV Urinary Bladder Post. to symphysis Urethra

Vascular System Arterial Phase Venous Phase Hepatic-Portal

system

Veins larger in diameter

Upper abd-Veins anterior to arteries

Lower abd/Pelvis-arteries anterior to veins

ABDOMEN Abdominal

Aorta Fairly midline

Celiac Trunk Branches: Left Gastric Splenic artery Hepatic artery

Superior Mesenteric Artery Just below Celiac Same level as Lt

renal vein entering IVC

Renal Arteries Inferior to SMA Rt-longer Lt-superior to Rt

Common Iliac Arteries Bifurcation of

Aorta Level of L4 Superior to

formation of IVC

Internal iliac arteries Posterior to

external External iliac

arteries IIA posterior to EIA

ABDOMEN Venous Phase

Inferior vena cava Renal v. Common iliac v. Internal iliac v. External iliac v.

Hepatic-Portal System Hepatic v. Portal v. Splenic v. Superior mesentaric v. Inferior mesentaric v.

Internal & External Iliac veins

Common Iliac veins

Inferior Vena Cava Ascends on Rt

side of Aorta Largest vein Retroperitoneal

Renal veins Lateral aspects

of IVC Lt-longer;

Anterior to aorta

Hepatic veins Drain into IVC Superior to Portal

vein Most superior of

liver vessels

Hepatic Portal System Porta Hepatis Portal vein: IMV SMV Splenic vein

CHEST Cardiovascular System

Heart Great vessels

• Aorta• Superior vena cava• Inferior vena cava• Pulmonary artery• Pulmonary vein

Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung

Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung

Heart 4 chambers

• Right atrium• Right ventricle• Left atrium• Left ventricle

Right Atrium most superior

Right Ventricle most anterior

Left Atrium most posterior

Left ventricle most inferior

Arterial Phase Aortic arch

• Brachiocephalic a.• R Common

carotid a.• R Subclavian a.

• L Common carotid a.

• L Subclavian a.

Aortic Arch Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta

Venous Phase Superior vena cava

• R & L Brachiocephalic v.

Superior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Phase Pulmonary

trunk/artery• R & L Pulmonary

Arteries

Pulmonary veins 2 from Right 2 from Left