cross site scripting (xss)
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
XSSAyman Babiker
You Should Already Know
• HTML.• JavaScript.• PHP, ASP… etc.
Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
• One of the most common application-layer web attacks.
• Operates on the client-side (in the user’s web browser).
• 13% of total hacking technics (in 2011).• Neglected by the developers. WHY ?!.• Executed every time the page is loaded.• JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML, or
Flash.
Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
• XSS can cause a variety of problems for the end user (annoyance “alerts” ~ complete account compromise “session hijacking”).
• Installation of Trojan horse programs.• Page modification and redirection.
XSS types
• Stored XSS Attacks.• Reflected XSS Attacks.• DOM Based XSS.
HACKED
Scenario
How it works
<form method=“get” action=“index.php”> <input name=“hack_me” /> <input type=“submit” value=“Submit” /></form>
How it works<?php $txt=$_GET[‘hack_me’]; echo $txt; // echo “<script>alert("Hacked");</script>”
?>
Alternate XSS Syntax
• Using Script in Attributes• <body onload=alert(Hacked ')>• <img src="http://url.to.file.which/not.exist"
onerror=alert(document.cookie);>• XSS using Script Via Encoded URI Schemes
• <img src=jAvascript:alert(‘Hacked')>
Commonly used to achieve the following malicious results:
• Identity theft.• Accessing sensitive or restricted
information.• Gaining free access to otherwise paid for
content.• Spying on user’s web browsing habits.• Altering browser functionality.• Web application defacement.• Denial of Service attacks.
• There are a huge number of XSS attack vectors, following a few simple rules can completely defend against this serious attack.
• The simplest form of XSS protection is to pass all external data through a filter (in server-side).
• It is recommended to use libraries that has been tried and tested by the community.
• XSS techniques keep changing (your filters will need to be updated periodically).
• ESAPI (OWASP), AntiXSS (Microsoft).
XSS Countermeasures
• HTML Escape Before Inserting Untrusted Data into HTML Element Content:• ESAPI Encoder Example:
String safe = ESAPI.encoder().encodeForHTML( request.getParameter( "input" ) );
• AntiXSS Equivalent:string safe = Microsoft.Security.Application.AntiXss.HtmlEncode( Request.QueryString[ "input" ] );
XSS Countermeasures
• Also untrusted Data into:• HTML Common Attributes.• JavaScript Data Values.• HTML Style Property Values.• HTML URL Parameter Values.
• Also use HTTPOnly cookie flag.
XSS Countermeasures
• http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html• https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_(Cross_
Site_Scripting)_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
More?
The End.