croton_ghg_wmpf_20100310
DESCRIPTION
"Greenhouse Gas: How to get an Emissions Baseline & What’s next?"TRANSCRIPT
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
1
Village of Croton-on-Hudson New York
Community-Based Climate Action Strategies for the Westchester Municipal Planning Federation
10 March 2009
Leo Wiegman, Mayorwww.crotononhudson-ny.gov
Greenhouse GasHow to get an Emissions Baseline & What’s next?
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
2
“If you cannot measure it,
you cannot improve it." — Lord Kelvin
Why measure?
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
3
What’s best for the economy
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
Outdoor Lighting (Holiday Lights Benedict Blvd.)2007 (energy cost from line 4.11 on Table 2) $4912008 (estimated cost of electricity) $500Cost of new LED lights
$1700Annualized cost of LED light (10 year lifespan) $1702009 (estimated electric bill of 1,600 new LED lights)
$125New annual cost $295Savings (each year)
$20541%
is also what is best for the
environment.
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
4
How to do a GHG inventory
Engage hearts, heads, and hands
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
5
Step #1: Know what your “Ask“ is!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.
• Power emissions•electricity purchased from grid
• Indirect emissions•solvents, commutation, fertilizer, waste stream, etc.
•Government
•Business
•Residential
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
6
Step #2: Measure Easy Stuff first!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.
• Power emissions•electricity purchased from grid
• Indirect emissions•solvents, commutation, fertilizer, waste stream, etc.
•Government
•Business
•Residential
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
7
Step #3: Know what you missed!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.
• Power emissions•electricity purchased from grid
• Indirect emissions•solvents, commutation, fertilizer, waste stream, etc.
•Government
•Business
•Residential
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
8
Step #4: Use all hands on deck!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.
• Power emissions•electricity purchased from grid
• Indirect emissions•solvents, commutation, fertilizer, waste stream, etc.
•Government
•Business
•Residential
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
9
a holiday example...
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
photo courtesy of C. Romedenne
Outdoor Lighting (Holiday Lights Benedict Blvd.)2007 (energy cost from line 4.11 on Table 2) $4912008 (estimated cost of electricity) $500Cost of new LED lights
$1700Annualized cost of LED light (10 year lifespan) $1702009 (estimated electric bill of 1,600 new LED lights)
$125New annual cost $295Savings (each year)
$20541%
Holiday tree lights on Benedict Boulevard
2008: $500 for tree’s electricity2009: $295 for lights & power
Switching to LED lights will save us 40% every year.
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
10
what’s our tonnes? (table)
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
Summary by Sector Emissions (tonnes of
CO2e)
(%) Energy (MMBt
u)
(%) Cost ($)
(%)
1. Buildings and Facilities 528 29.8% 6,525 37% $149,262 28%
2. Water Delivery Facilities 369 20.8% 3,583 20% $149,560 29%
3. Vehicle Fleet 415 23.4% 5,701 32% $126,894 24%
4. Streetlights & Traffic Signals 184 10.4% 1,699 10% $88,791 17%
5. Wastewater Facilities 24 1.4% 252 1% $9,269 2%
6. Indirect Emissions: Commuting, solvents, etc.
254 14.3% 0 0% $8,430 0%
Totals1,774 100% 17,760 100% $532,206 100%
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
11
Mapping our emissions
Top 20 Emitters in
Village Operations
tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
12
What’s next? Immediate savings and more planning
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
13
Step #5: Share data=Get results!3 streams x Gov. sector action• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.
• Power emissions•electricity purchased from grid
• Indirect emissions•solvents, commutation, fertilizer, waste stream, etc.
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
2-3 year payoff for low-hanging fruit:
Firehouses Audit Municipal Bldg AuditWater Delivery AuditStreet Lighting Audit
Fleet & waste experiments
Fertilizer changes
•= used GHG data for this facililty to apply for NYSERDA RFP10 grant!
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
14
Resources
Croton’s GHG report (Gov. sector for all 3 emission sources 12/2009)www.crotononhudsonny.gov/Public_Documents/CrotonHudsonNY_BComm/Croton_GHG_Inventory_v2007.pdf
Other Westchester GHG inventories:Town of BedfordTown of SomersVillage of Mt KiscoTown of New Castle...who am I missing....?
for more see: Northern Westchester Energy Action Consortiumwww.nweac.org
How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010
15
my contact
info
Leo Wiegman, mayor
Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
thank you!
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
16
Appendix:Samples from slide deck we used for the GHG rollout in Croton with our residents and village
staff and volunteers
17
Emission Inventory steps
www.icleiusa.org
Five-Milestone MethodologyFive-Milestone Methodology
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
18
3 emission streams to track
This is what we examined: We asked 3 questions of each area:
1. Direct emission 1.What did it cost to operate this in 2007?2.How much stuff did we buy to run this? 3.How much emission did our stuff produce?
exhaust from vehicles (gas, diesel)
heating fuel combustion, etc.
2. Power emission
electricity from grid
3. Indirect emissions
employee commuting
solid waste disposal
fertilizer & solvent use, etc.
19
3 sectors to count
Governmental Sector
Commercial Sector
Residential Sector
1. Direct emission
exhaust from vehicles
fuel oil combustion, etc.
2. Power emission
electricity from grid
3. Indirect emissions
employee commuting
solid waste disposal
fertilizer & solvent use, etc.
For a full inventory, 3 different sectors need to counted.
Croton will use
2010/2011 data for these 2
Croton
used 2007 data
20
2007 emissions inventory
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
Energy: Operating Village government consumed 17.8 billion Btus in 2007
Expenses:$532,000
Emissions & Pollution:1,774 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent gas & 21 metric tonnes of other pollutants
21
Mapping our emissions
Top 20 Emitters in
Village Operations
tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
22
what’s our tonnes? (table)
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
Summary by Sector Emissions (tonnes of
CO2e)
(%) Energy (MMBt
u)
(%) Cost ($)
(%)
1. Buildings and Facilities 528 29.8% 6,525 37% $149,262 28%
2. Water Delivery Facilities 369 20.8% 3,583 20% $149,560 29%
3. Vehicle Fleet 415 23.4% 5,701 32% $126,894 24%
4. Streetlights & Traffic Signals 184 10.4% 1,699 10% $88,791 17%
5. Wastewater Facilities 24 1.4% 252 1% $9,269 2%
6. Indirect Emissions: Commuting, solvents, etc.
254 14.3% 0 0% $8,430 0%
Totals1,774 100% 17,760 100% $532,206 100%
23
what’s our tonnes? pie chart
The total cost of the energy consumed by each sector is displayed, together with the percent of the overall greenhouse gas emissions the energy consumption for that sector produced. We sorted these by largest to smallest emission source, with building and facilities as the #1 emitting sector. Notice that if we sort by largest to smallest cost, water delivery would be #1 most expensive sector, followed by buildings and facilities. (data is from table in prior slide)
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
24
Some things we learned• In 2007, village employees travelled 412,000 miles
commuting an average of 24 miles roundtrip to/from their village jobs.
• In 2007, 1 metric tonne of fertilizer was spread on village fields that subsequently released 9.8 metric tonnes of greenhouse gases. (Every pound of fertilizer causes over 9 pounds of climate disruption emissions.)
• In 2007, our government’s solid waste actually helped reduce our “carbon footprint.” Why? It is burned in an energy from waste plant in Peekskill rather than landfilled.
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
25
What does this data mean?
The Village will find ways to reduce its direct and indirect emissions by •seeking more efficient use of energy, •generating or purchasing more renewable energy, and •switching to cleaner fuels, and many other means.
For example, electrifying half our vehicle fleet would reduce our fleet fuel costs by $26,000 a year (a 20% savings). •But is it cost-effective or desirable to buy electric vehicles?
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
26
What are the next steps?
Develop Croton’s reduction goals and plans1.Analyze the energy, cost and emission reduction options (efficiency measures, renewables sources, fuel switching, etc).
2.Determine the lowest cost way to achieve them.
3.Commit to a climate action plan, while safeguarding
taxpayers.
4. Invite home & business owners to participate in
community wide greenhouse gas inventory to include
private sector buildings & operations.
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
27
Carbon Reduction Steps•Publish Baseline Emissions Report (Dec, 2009)
•Set reduction target for 2010 (Feb-Mar 2010)
•Develop 2010 climate action plan (Apr-May 2010)
•Low hanging fruit for 2010:
•Explore HVAC makeover of Municipal Bldg (#1 emitter of village’s 10 buildings)
•Lighting audit for street and muni parking lots.
•Purchase carbon offset credits from savings gained.
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
28
“Doing nothing about climate change is far more expensive and
risky than taking strong pro-active and immediate measures.”
–Sir Nicholas Stern (2007) www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.ht
m
Why bother?
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
29
#3: what citizens can do?Home Owners:Get a “Blower Door” home energy audit, by locating a “Home Performance Contractor” at the “Resource” page at www.getenergysmart.org
Faith Communities:Visit the New York Interfaith Power and Light for guidance on energy conservation and building energy audit for your buildings: www.nyipl.org
Businesses:Visit NYSERDA’s Commercial/Industrial web page for more on Flex-Tech and other programs: www.nyserda.org/programs/Commercial_Industrial/
More energy saving tips:www.askpsc.comwww.coned.com/customercentral/energysavings.aspwww.energystar.govwww.poweryourway.com
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
30
#3: US family’s emission pieTypical US family’s annual greenhouse gas emissions
pie:
Fact: Each gallon (3.7 liters) of gasoline burned produces 19.4 pounds (8.8 kilograms) of carbon dioxide emissions. The average US automobile emits 5.7 tons (5,200 kilograms) of carbon dioxide per year.
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
(Adapted from: Vandenbergh et al (2008) Individual carbon emissions: low hanging fruit. UCLA Law Review.)See also http://behavioralwedge.msu.edu/
31
#3: 7 low hanging family fruits#1. Reduce Engine Idling (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Restarting a warm engine consumes less fuel and emits less pollution than idling for 5 to 10 seconds.
#2. Maintain Tire Pressure (Cost: $10, Benefit: immediate) The USDOE estimates that vehicle gas mileage improves an average of 3.3 percent by inflating tires regularly to proper pressures.
#3. Replace Air Filters (Cost: about $30, Benefit: immediate)
Periodic air filter changes can save the vehicle owner anywhere from 7 to 10 percent in fuel mileage (as much as $240 per year).
#4. Reduce Standby Power (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Devices with remote controls, computer wireless networks, and home entertainment centers are big standby power hogs by drawing power on standby. Switch off their power strips at night.
#5. Install CFL Bulbs (Cost: $5 –$10, Benefit: immediate)
CFLs use 75% less electricity for the same amount of light and last two to four times longer.
#6. Lower Thermostat Settings (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Lowering the thermostat 2ºF in winter and raising it 2ºF in summer could save at least $125 a year in costs per household and add up to big emission reductions.
#7. Lower Water Temperatures (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Lowering the water heater setting by 20°F would make very little difference in our comfort level and yield an everyday savings in energy and emissions. (Adapted from: Vandenbergh et al (2008) Individual carbon emissions: low hanging fruit. UCLA Law Review.) See also http://behavioralwedge.msu.edu/
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
32www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action
(Fall 2009)32
One small example: http://bit.ly/Croton_Firehouse_SolarPanels
33www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action
(Fall 2009)33
http://bit.ly/Croton_Firehouse_SolarPanels
The Grand Street Firehouse consumed 52,459 kWh in 2007 at a utility cost of $5,988. The solar electric panel may generate 20% or more of the building’s electricity in 2009-2010. (Clean energy output should be about 12,000 kWh and represents and 8,000 kg (17,600 pounds) of avoided CO2e emissions. NYPA provided a grant that paid for the PV panel. The Village bore the installation costs. .
34
#2b: GHG report in 1 sentence
In 2007 Village of Croton-on-Hudson
•spent ~$532,000 on energy
•emitted ~1,774 tonnes of CO2e emissions
•consumed~17.8 billion Btus from all fuels.
Background info on energy costs:
•Since 2005, energy overall expenses rose ~20% to 2007.
•Since 2007, all fuels have become even more expensive.
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
35
#2b: #1=Water Dept: 400,000 gallons/year
35
Emission sources within Water Dept The dept-wide figures include water delivery total (369 t) plus heating/cooling for buildings operated by water dept (14 t) for 383 total tonnes.(Note on units: scale in tonnes is same for both figures; 1 metric tonne = 1 long ton = 2,204 pounds)
}www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action
(Fall 2009)
36
#2b: #2=DPW Dept: 7,455 tons/yr solid waste collected
Emission sources within DPW Dept (excluding street lighting)(Note on units: scale in tonnes is same for both figures; 1 metric tonne = 1 long ton = 2,204 pounds)
}
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
37
#2b: #3=Fire Dept: 3 firehouses
Emission sources within Fire Dept:188 tonnes emitted by 3 Firehouses combined, compared with 191 tonnes from Mun. Bldg. with its 24/7 Police Station. (Note on units: scale in tonnes is same for both figures; 1 metric tonne = 1 long ton = 2,204 pounds)
}{
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
38
Em
issi
ons
(lbs/
resi
dent)
Energ
y c
onsu
med (
kWh/r
esi
dent)
Energ
y c
ost
($/r
esi
dent)
Buildings &
Facilities
Vehicle
Fleet
Water
Delivery
Streetlights WastewaterIndirect
Emissions
Energy & costs per resident
Big “jumps” from energy to cost show up in those sectors MOST reliant on electricity which is MORE expensive per unit of energy consumed than other fuel sources: water and waste water (electric pumps).
Note on energy units:1 MMBtu =
1 millions Btus (therms) =293 kiloWatt-hours (kWh)
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)
39
Fuel cost per unit of energy
In 2007,•Electricity was the most expensive fuel per unit of energy ($44/MMBtu).•Electricity also varies the most (cheaper at night, & more during midday).•Average kilowatt-hour price Village paid NYPA for electricity was $0.15/kWh.•Natural gas is the least expensive ($11.79/MMBtu).
Note on energy units:1 MMBtu =
1 millions Btus (therms) =293 kiloWatt-hours (kWh)
www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)