crowdfunding overview
DESCRIPTION
Presentation in Sept 2014 in Stockholm Sweden for group of financial managersTRANSCRIPT
Crowdfunding
ROBIN TEIGLAND & CLAIRE INGRAM
STOCKHOLM SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
SEPTEMBER 2014
Today’s presentation
What is crowdfunding?Why crowdfund?Crowdfunding challenges?Q&A
What is crowdfunding?
Accumulation of small investments in individual projects by large number of individuals (the
“crowd”) via or with help of Internet and social networks (De Buysere et al., 2012)
Picture: FundedByMe
Four forms of crowdfunding
Form Benefits for funders
Donation-based Donation Intangible benefits.
Reward-based Donation or pre-purchase
Rewards in addition to intangible benefits.
Equity-based InvestmentReturn on investment if company
does well. Rewards sometimes also offered and intangible benefits may
motivate too.
Debt-based LoanRepayment of loan with interest. Alternatively intangible benefits if
loan given interest-free.
Ingram & Teigland 2013
Market sizeGlobal crowdfunding almost doubled 2012 to 2013 to USD 5.1 bln March 2014 Kickstarter passes USD 1 bln in total pledgesFundedByMe raised USD 10.5 mln to dateBy 2025, global crowdfunding could reach USD 90 to 96 bln (1.8 times today’s global VC industry)Growth potential greatest in emerging markets?USD 50 bln in China by 2025?
Some Swedish platforms
Local Stockholm success story:
Flippin’ Burgers
Money raised: SEK 36,502 / €4,000
Number of investors: 186
Date funded: September 2011
Sector: Food
Enabling local, small-scale solutions
Top 5 Best American Restaurants in Europe
http://travel.cnn.com/best-americana-restaurants-europe-023346
Crowd equity taking off
P2P lending in the US and UK…
•>USD 3.8 bln in personal loans since 2007
• USD 750 mln growth each quarter
•Now offering business loans
•Strategic alliance with Union Bank
P2P lending in Sweden
P2B lending in Sweden
Ingram &Teigland, 2013
Why crowdfund?Test market or establish user baseMarketing & publicity for your product or serviceFaster time to marketFunding (may not be large amount of money
though)Screening device for investorsAccess greater pool of investors: further afield or
people without right “connections”Skills, connections, and other resources?
Investment Role and Type Investment Value 2012
Angel Investors
Invest large amounts, make few investments, take equity share.
3.3-3.9 billion SEK p.a. (approximation based on 2008
data)
Soft LoansState loans at high interest rates
that can be written off if enterprise dissolution.
2.4 billion SEK p.a. (ALMI alone)
Venture Capitalists
Invest large amounts, make few investments, take equity share. 1.8 billion SEK p.a. (2010 data)
CrowdfundingDonation, pre-purchase/reward, or equity, depending on platform and
entrepreneur’s preferences.Estimated 37 million SEK p.a.
Ingram & Teigland 2013
“It’s not just about the money.”
685 people talking about product on
social media
Australia’s “Major Disaster Department”World’s largest telecom
Measuring demand in advance
One step in the financing chain
Nesta
Democratizing innovation through access to capital
Kickstarter• Women 13% more likely to to meet
crowdfunding goals than men• 67% of women-led technology ventures
reached goals vs 30% of male-led ventures
Indiegogo• Women 61% more likely than men to
meet goals • Women account for 41% of projects
that meet goals
http://online.wsj.com/articles/kickstarter-closes-the-funding-gap-for-women-1407949759
Toborrow.se
For all ages - including teenagers
http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/afripreneurs-and-the-leapfrog-effect
“Made in Africa” 3D printer (Togo)
Winner of International Space Apps Challenge
http://www.engineering.com/3DPrinting/3DPrintingArticles/ArticleID/5712/E-Waste-3D-Printer-to-Mars.aspx
Crowdfunding challenges?Skills: How to ensure knowledge/awareness and necessary skills for crowdfunding?Lack of support and strategic advice for funders/investors, entrepreneurs,
public sector? How to deal with many small investors in equity crowdfunding?
Regulation: How to protect investors without stifling innovation?Cross border investments?Secondary markets for crowd equity shares?Taxation issues for investors and entrepreneurs?
Local market: How to protect/ensure local markets against foreign competition?Local platforms vs global platforms?Significant/sufficient level of funding from local market?How to better leverage “crowd” for resources?
Source: Own research, Nesta
http://www.slideshare.net/eteigland/crowdfunding-in-sweden
Thank you!
Questions?
Image via NewYorker.com
Robin [email protected]
www.knowledgenetworking.org
www.slideshare.net/eteigland
@RobinTeigland
If you love knowledge, set it
free…
If you like this presentation and would like to contribute to our research, we accept bitcoins: 14hs4JbnQLXE87GGzu84uXGaspmxmnLpwC.Thank you!!!!!
Appendix
Crowdfunding 2012
Massolution 2013
Worldwide $2.7 bln
470k projects 800+ platforms
Est. 5.5 mln (Oct 2013)
Most popular crowdfunding activities
Massolution 2013
Sold 400,000 watches already
Who are the funders?Educated experts(?)University degree Knowledge and previous experience in same field
“In-crowd”“Entrepreneurs”Risk lovers
Skoglund & Stiernblad 2013
Who are the funders?Educated experts(?)85% respondents have university degree (vs 16%
women/22% men in general population, 2013)42% had knowledge in same field as project they
funded49% reported to have been better at judging project
quality due to previous experience“In-crowd”47% of “the crowd” classified themselves as
entrepreneurs – compared to only 7% of Swedish population (2012)
77% never bought shares in unlisted company before 41% risk loversSkoglund & Stiernblad 2013
Crowd equity raising its head…
• Politicians generally positive -> entrepreneurs + job creation
• But regulation is lagging in most countries
• US, Italy, Denmark changing regulations enabling equity
Massolution 2013
Millions of dollars
Equity crowdfundingEU/EEANo country can require a prospectus to be prepared
for rounds of <EUR 100 000For rounds of >EUR 5 million, EU prospectus always
required
SwedenFor rounds of >EUR 2.5 million, EU prospectus
always required<150 ‘non-qualified’ investors without prospectus
http://www.fundable.com/blog/crowdfunding-infographic---the-jobs-act-explained
How to succeed?Choose right platform– and crowdfunding form
Going global or local?What do you give in return (thank you, reward, pre-
purchase, shares)?Keep in mind platform fees
Define the concept Make it easily understoodMake it personal?
Feed the crowdEnsure initial critical mass (social media, newspapers)Keep followers up to date
MAGIC
Going global? Going local?Reward-based? l Niche product or
service?l Global appeal?l What are rewards?l How do you reach
international audience – and stand out?
l Community-specific product or service?
l Local appeal?l What are rewards?l Does community know
about you – can you reach them?
l Local benefits
Equity-based? l Looking to scale up?l How much equity?l How to value your
project?
l Looking to establish foothold?
l How much equity?l How to value your
project?l Local benefits –
experience, connections etc?
Lots to think about....
Trends in crowdfundingPeer to peer lendingNicheCommunityHybrid platformsEnterprise sponsoredInternal corporate crowdfundingLIVE!Economic developmentCelebrities…
Crowdfunding for research
Strategic partnership
+
Celebrities entering the scene
Executive Producer Robert RedfordNarrated by Jodie Foster
Donald Trump’s crowdfunding siteOpen to anyone
Internal corporate crowdfunding
iFundIT
More than 300 participantsEntry-level workers to VPs
Given $2,000 to invest over 8 week period Choose internal projects in which to invest
Enabling entrepreneurs anywhere
Ushahidi of Kenya
Kenya
Venture capitalists are the travel agents of yesterday – here today, gone tomorrow.
Venture capitalist in Silicon Valley –
June 2013
What’s next?