CRP 5190 History and Theory of Urban Spatial Development Prof. Thomas J. Campanella; TA Peter Wissoker Spring 2016

History and Theory of Urban Spatial Development is a lecture course that explores the rich legacy of urban physical planning and design throughout history and around the globe. It will examine the reification of human values and ideals in the built environment, and the consequent shaping of society and culture by the places we envision, plan, build and inhabit. A broad spectrum of operative forces and agents—economic, cultural, political, religious, technological—will be analyzed to understand their often unanticipated formative impacts on cities and metropolitan regions. Among the themes explored in the class are the early origins of urban form; humanism, utopianism and the quest for the "ideal city"; the dynamics of power versus the grassroots; the struggle between modernity and tradition; the role of transportation and communications technology in shaping settlement patterns; the spatial dynamics of race and class; the impacts of housing policy on the postwar American city; and the urban crisis, "white flight" and the rise of suburbia. The course will end with an analysis of urbanization in contemporary China and the renewal of city life in this age of surging population, peak oil and lightspeed global flows. CRP5190 meets in Milstein Auditorium on Mondays and Wednesdays from 2:55 to 4:10pm.

Readings It is essential that you do all the readings for this course prior to each class meeting (with exception of the first one), as they will supplement and not simply duplicate the material covered in lectures. The midterm and final exams will draw equally from lectures and readings. With some exceptions, all required readings (and many optional) have been scanned to PDF and made available on the CRP5190 Blackboard site. There are two required texts for the course, from which we will be reading substantial selections toward the end of the semester. These include my own Concrete Dragon: China's Urban Revolution and What It Means for the World (2008) and Vishaan Chakrabarti's A Country of Cities: A Manifesto for an Urban America (2013). For those of you who love books and wish to build a library, the books listed

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below are classics in the field and well worth acquiring. All are drawn upon in this course:

• Peter Hall, Cities of Tomorrow (Basil Blackwell, 1988) • John Reps, The Making of Urban America (Princeton, 1992) • Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (Knopf, 1974) • Jane Jacobs, Death and Life of Great American Cities (Vintage, 1961) • Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier (Oxford University Press, 1985) • Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park (Noonday Press, 1992)

Exams and Assignments There will be a mid-term examination just before spring break (March 23) and a cumulative final exam during the University exam period in May (date/time to come). Students will also be required to complete two written papers on themes covered in class. Specifics on the assignments will be announced in coming weeks. Grades will be calculated as follows: the mid-term and final exams are each worth 25% of term grade; the papers are each worth 20% of term grade; attendance and participation is worth 10%.

Instructor and TA Access You are encouraged to meet with me and teaching assistant Peter Wissoker (wissoker@lightlink.com) to discuss lectures, readings, assignments or anything else related to urbanism or life. My office hours are Tuesdays 11-4pm, with these exceptions: February 16, April 19, April 26. If this time slot does not fit your schedule, see me after class. My office is 105 W. Sibley Hall; e-mail: tomcamp@cornell.edu; phone: 607-254-8934. Peter's office hours are Tuesdays, 11-1pm in 312 W. Sibley. NEW: If you haven’t had enough of me in class, you can check out my blog (builtbrooklyn.org) and/or follow me on Twitter: @builtbrooklyn.

PAB Learning Objectives An MRP core course, CRP5190 covers eight of the Planning Accreditation Board's "primary learning components" as stipulated in the 2103 Self-Study Report Manual and Template. These fall into both the General Planning Knowledge (A1) and Values and Ethics (A3) sections, with most extensive coverage in History of Planning and the Growth and Development of Human Settlements (A1D) and The Future of Cities (A1E). The course also encompasses Global Dimensions of Planning (A1F) and Planning Theory (A1B), especially in terms of physical planning and urban design. It includes substantial material on economic, social and cultural factors affecting urban and regional Growth and Development (A3D), Social Justice and Equity (A3E), Governance and Participation (A3B) and Sustainability (A3C).

Academic Integrity Violations of academic integrity such as plagiarism can result in failure of this course and even expulsion from the University. If you have any questions about attribution, citation, paraphrasing and so-forth, see me or Peter. Please review the University's Code of Academic Integrity (linked below), which requires that any work submitted by a student be his or her own: http://cuinfo.cornell.edu/Academic/AIC.html.

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SCHEDULE AND READINGS 27 JAN Course Introduction

Lewis Mumford, "What is a City?" (1937) reprinted in LeGates and Stout, eds., The City Reader (Routledge, 1996).

Kevin Lynch, "The Form of Cities," in Banerjee and Southworth, eds., City Sense and City Design (MIT Press, 1991): 36-46.

Optional Greg Hise, "Teaching Planners History," Journal of Planning History 5:4 (2006).

___________________________________________________________________________________ 01 FEB Sacred Space and Early Urban Form

Kevin Lynch, Good City Form (MIT Press, 1981): "Cosmic Theory," 73-79.

Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane (Harcourt Brace, 1987): "Sacred Space and Making the World Sacred," 20-65.

Jeffrey F. Meyer, "Traditional Peking: the Architecture of Conditional Power," in Smith and Reynolds, eds., The City as a Sacred Center (E.J. Brill, 1987): 262-279.

Optional Michael E. Smith, "Form and Meaning in the Earliest Cities," Planning History 6:1 (2007).

Amita Sinha, "Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras," Journal of Cultural Geography 17:2 (1998).

03 FEB Humanism and the Renaissance City

Edmund N. Bacon, Design of Cities (Penguin, 1976 [1967]): "Growth of Greek Cities"; "Design Order of Ancient Rome," 67-91; "Upsurge of the Renaissance," 106-127; "Design Structure of Baroque Rome," 130-155.

Lewis Mumford, The City in History (Harcourt Brace, 1961): "Emergence of the Polis: Town Hall and Marketplace," 148-157.

A. E. J. Morris, History of Urban Form (Godwin, 1979): "The Renaissance: Italy Sets a Pattern," 121-154.

Optional Wolfgang Lotz, "Sixteenth Century Italian Squares," in Studies in Italian Renaissance Architecture (Cambridge, MA, 1981): 74-116.

___________________________________________________________________________________

08 FEB Town Planning in the New World I: Mesoamerica and the Laws of the Indies

Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The True Story of the Conquest of Mexico (Dolphin Books, 1956): "Life in the City of Mexico," 165-174.

John W. Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in America (Princeton, 1992): "The Spanish Towns of Colonial America," 26-55.

Optional Axel I. Mundigo and Dora P. Crouch, "The City Planning Ordinances of the Laws of the Indies Revisited: Part I: Their Philosophy and Implications," Town Planning Review 48:3 (July, 1977): 247-268.

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10 FEB Town Planning in the New World II: New England and the Atlantic Seaboard

John W. Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in America (Princeton, 1992): "New Towns in a New England," 115-128; "William Penn and the Planning of Philadelphia," 157-174.

John Archer, "Puritan Town Planning in New Haven," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 34:2 (May, 1975), 140-149.

Sylvia D. Fries, The Urban Idea in Colonial America (Temple, 1977): "Savannah," 136-166.

Optional Thomas J. Campanella, "Sanctuary in the Wilderness: Deborah Moody and the Town Plan for Colonial Gravesend," Landscape Journal 12:2 (1993), 106-130.

___________________________________________________________________________________ 15 FEB NO CLASS – FEBRUARY BREAK ___________________________________________________________________________________

17 FEB The Arcadian Myth and Anti-Urbanism in America

Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: The Pastoral Ideal in America (Oxford, 1964): "The Garden," 73-144.

Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (1784): Query XIX.

Thomas J. Campanella, Republic of Shade: New England and the American Elm (Yale, 2003): "The Verdant Village," 83-98; "Yankee Elysium," 125-139.

___________________________________________________________________________________ 22 FEB Power and the Infinite Perspective: St. Petersburg, Washington and Paris

Marshall Berman, All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity (Penguin, 1982): "The Real and Unreal City," 176-212.

John W. Reps, Monumental Washington: The Planning and Development of the Capital Center (Princeton, 1967): "Washington: The Founding and the Founders," 1-25.

Lewis Mumford, The City in History (1961): "The Lessons of Washington," 403-409.

David P. Jordan, Transforming Paris (Free Press, 1995): "Paris Before Haussmann," 13-40; "The Implacable Axes of a Straight Line," 185-210.

Optional Joseph Brodsky, Less Than One (Farrar Straus, 1986): "Guide to a Renamed City," 69-94.

24 FEB The Urbanism of Bourgeois Order: London, Vienna and Barcelona

Steen Eiler Rasmussen, London: The Unique City vol. 1 (MIT Press, 1934; 1974): "Town-Planning Schemes in 1666," 99-122; "London Squares," 165-201.

Carl E. Schorske, Fin-de-síecle Vienna: Politics and Culture (Knopf, 1980): 24-115.

Arturo Soria y Puig, ed., Cerdá: The Five Bases of the General Theory of Urbanization (Electa, 1999): "An Introduction to Cerdá," 23-49.

Robert Hughes, Barcelona (Vintage, 1992): "The Feast of Modernity," 374-463.

Optional Walter Benjamin, "Paris, Capital of the Nineteenth Century," in Perspecta 12. (1969): 163-172.

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29 FEB Machines in the Garden: Manufacturing and the City of Industry

Peter Hall, Cities of Tomorrow (Basil Blackwell, 1988): "The City of the Dreadful Night,"13-46.

Thomas Bender, Toward an Urban Vision (Johns Hopkins, 1975): "Men, Machines, and Factories," 53-69; "Urban Industrialism and the American Landscape: Lowell," 71-93.

Margaret Crawford, Building the Workingman's Paradise (Verso1995): "Textile Landscapes," 11-28.

02 MAR The Progressive Era and the Urban Parks Movement

David Schuyler, The New Urban Landscape (Johns Hopkins, 1986): "The Didactic Landscape: Rural Cemeteries," 37-56; "Ideology of the Public Park," 59-76; "The Naturalistic Landscape: Central Park," 77-100; "Cities and Parks: The Lessons of Central Park," 101-125.

Frederick L. Olmsted, "Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns," in S. B. Sutton, ed., Civilizing American Cities (MIT Press, 1971): 52-99.

___________________________________________________________________________________ 07 MAR Utopianism and the Garden City Movement

Dolores Hayden, Seven American Utopias: The Architecture of Communitarian Socialism, 1790-1975 (MIT Press, 1979): "Idealism and the American Environment," 3-6.

Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-Morrow (Faber, 1902): "The Town-Country Magnet," 50-57, "Social Cities," 138-147.

Jonathan Barnett, The Elusive City: Five Centuries of Design, Ambition and Miscalculation (HarperRow, 1986): "Garden City and Garden Suburb," 63-105.

Optional Roger Biles, "The Rise and Fall of Soul City: Planning, Politics, and Race in Recent America," Journal of Planning History 4:1 (February, 2006): 52-72.

09 MAR World's Fairs and the Imagined Urban Future

William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Johns Hopkins, 1989): "The Columbian Exposition and the City Beautiful Movement," 53-74.

John Kasson, Amusing the Million: Coney Island at the Turn of the Century (Hill-Wang, 1978): 29-86.

Rem Koolhaas, Delirious New York (Monacelli, 1994): "Coney Island: The Technology of the Fantastic," 29-79.

Optional Donald L. Miller, City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America (Simon and Schuster, 1996): "1893," 488-532

___________________________________________________________________________________ 14 MAR Metropolitan Growth and the Transportation Revolution

Edward K. Spann, "The Greatest Grid: the New York Plan of 1811," in Daniel Schaffer, ed., Two Centuries of American Planning (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988): 11-39.

Nancy Seasholes, Gaining Ground: A History of Landmaking in Boston (MIT, 2004): 1-11.

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Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier (Oxford, 1985): "The Transportation Revolution and the Erosion of the Walking City," 20-44; "The Time of the Trolley," 103-115; "Affordable Homes for the Common Man," 116-120.

Optional Susan Porter Benson, Counter Cultures: Saleswomen, Managers, and Customers in American Department Stores, 1890-1940 (Illinois, 1986): "The New Kind of Store," 12-30.

16 MAR Downtown and the Skyscraper City

Montgomery Schuyler, American Architecture and Other Writings, Vol. II (Harvard Belknap, 1961): "The Evolution of the Skyscraper," 419-436.

Robert M. Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880-1950 (Yale, 2001): "The Central Business District: Downtown in the 1920s," 183-217.

Robert A. M. Stern, et al., New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars (Rizzoli, 1987): "Scaffolding the Sky," 507-549.

___________________________________________________________________________________ 21 MAR Modernism and the Rational City

Robert Fishman, Urban Utopias (MIT Press, 1982): "The Contemporary City," 188-204; "Plan Voisin," 205-212.

Eric Mumford, The CIAM Discourse on Urbanism, 1928-1960 (MIT Press, 2002): "The Theme of the Functionalist City," 59-91.

Lawrence Vale, Architecture, Power and National Identity (Yale, 1992): "Designed Capitals after World War Two: Chandigarh and Brasilia," 105-127.

Lewis Mumford, "The Case Against Modern Architecture," Architectural Record (April, 1962): 155-162.

Optional Tom Wolfe, From Bauhaus to Our House (Farrar Straus Giroux, 1981).

___________________________________________________________________________________ 23 MAR MID-TERM EXAM ___________________________________________________________________________________ 28 MAR NO CLASS – SPRING BREAK

30 MAR NO CLASS – SPRING BREAK ___________________________________________________________________________________ 04 APR American Regionalism and the Motoring Revolution

Robert M. Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880-1950 (Yale, 2001): "Wishful Thinking: Downtown and the Automotive Revolution," 249-316.

David A. Johnson, "Regional Planning for the Great American Metropolis," in G. K. Roberts, ed., The American Cities and Technology Reader (Routledge, 1999): 188-196.

Sigfreid Gideon, Space, Time, Architecture (Harvard, 1982): "The American Parkway in the Thirties," 823-832.

Optional Owen D. Gutfreund, "Rebuilding New York in the Auto Age: Robert Moses and His Highways," in Hilary Ballon and Kenneth T. Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York (Norton, 2007), 86-93.

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06 APR FILM The American Experience: The World That Moses Built (1988)

Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (Knopf, 1974): "One Year," 368-401; "The Meat Ax," 837-849.

Marshall Berman, All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity (Penguin, 1982): "Robert Moses: The Expressway World," 290-312.

Kenneth T. Jackson, "Robert Moses and the Rise of New York: The Power Broker in Perspective," in Robert Moses and the Modern City (Norton, 2007), 67-71.

___________________________________________________________________________________ 11 APR Suburbanization and the Age of Sprawl

Herbert J. Gans, The Levittowners (1967), reprinted in LeGates and Stout, eds., The City Reader (Routledge, 1996): "Levittown and America," 64-68.

Robert Fishman, "The Post-War American Suburb: A New Form, A New City," in Daniel Schaffer, ed., Two Centuries of American Planning (Johns Hopkins, 1988): 265-278.

Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (Oxford, 1985): "The Baby Boom and the Age of the Subdivision," 231-245.

James H. Kunstler, The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-made Landscape (Simon and Schuster, 1993): "The Evil Empire," 113-131.

Optional Dolores Hayden, A Field Guide to Sprawl (Norton, 2004).

13 APR The "Urban Crisis" and the Urban Renewal Era

Nicholas Lemann, The Promised Land (Vintage, 1992): "Chicago," 61-107.

Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers (Free Press, 1962): "The West End," 3-16; "Redevelopment of the West End," 281-304.

Gerald Gamm, Why the Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed (Harvard, 1999): "Introduction," 11-29; "Class, Crime, Homes, and Banks," 30-55; "The Uprooted and the Rooted," 222-260.

Samuel Zipp, Manhattan Projects: The Rise and Fall of Urban Renewal in Cold War New York (Oxford, 2010), "Introduction," 3-32.

___________________________________________________________________________________ 18 APR FILM The Pruitt-Igoe Myth (2011)

Katharine G. Bristol, "The Pruitt-Igoe Myth," Journal of Architectural Education 44:3 (May, 1991): 163-171.

Randall Roberts, "It Was Just Like Beverly Hills," Riverfront Times (June 1-7, 2005).

Hillary Ballon, "Robert Moses and Urban Renewal: The Title I Program," in Ballon and Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City (Norton, 2007), 94-115.

20 APR Environmentalism and the Grassroots Planning Revolution

Ian McHarg, Design with Nature (Natural History Press, 1969): "Nature in the Metropolis," 55-65; "On Values," 67-77.

Anne Spirn, "Urban Nature and Human Design: Renewing the Great Tradition," in Classic Readings in Urban Planning, edited by Jay M. Stein (McGraw-Hill, 1995): 475-497.

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Jane Jacobs, Death and Life of Great American Cities (Vintage, 1961): 3-25.

Raymond A. Mohl, "Stop the Road: Freeway Revolts in American Cities," Journal of Urban History 30:5 (July 2004): 674-700.

Thomas J. Campanella, "Jane Jacobs and the Death and Life of American Planning," in Tim Mennel and Max Page, eds., Reconsidering Jane Jacobs (APA Press, 2011): 141-160. [http://places.designobserver.com/feature/jane-jacobs-and-the-death-and-life-of-american-planning/25188/

___________________________________________________________________________________ 25 APR Fear, Gentrification and the Revanchist City

Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (Noonday Press, 1992): "Introduction," xi-xv.

Sharon Zukin, Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places (Oxford, 2010): "How Brooklyn Became Cool," 35-62.

Neil Smith, The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City (Routledge, 1996): "Is Gentrification a Dirty Word?," 30-47.

Mike Davis, "Fortress Los Angeles," in Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (1992): 154-180.

27 APR FILM Flag Wars (2003)

Lance Freeman and Frank Braconi, "Gentrification and Displacement: New York in the 1990s," Journal of the American Planning Association 70:1 (2004): 39-52.

Michael Powell, "A Contrarian's Lament in a Blitz of Gentrification," New York Times (19 February, 2010).

Steven Malanga, "The Curse of the Creative Class," City Journal (Winter, 2004) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 02 MAY Postmodernity, Globalization and the Generic City

William J. Mitchell, City of Bits (MIT Press, 1995): "Pulling Glass," 3-7; "Electronic Agoras," 7-24; "Soft Cities," 107-133.

Melvin Webber, "The Urban Place and The Non-Place Urban Realm," in Webber, J. , et al., eds., Explorations into Urban Structure (University of Pennsylvania, 1964): 79-120.

David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Blackwell, 1989): "Postmodernism in the City: Architecture and Urban Design," 66-98.

Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau, SMLXL (Monacelli, 1997): "The Generic City," 1248-1264.

Andres Duany, et al., Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream (Farrar Straus Giroux, 2001), "How to Make a Town," 183-214.

Optional Saskia Sassen, "A New Geography of Centers and Margins," reprinted in LeGates and Stout, eds., The City Reader (Routledge, 1996), 69-74.

04 MAY Smart Cities (Guest lecturer: Anthony Townsend, Sidewalk Labs/NYU Rudin Center)

Anthony Townsend, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia (Norton, 2013): "Introduction: Urbanism and Ubiquity," 1-18; "Cities of Tomorrow," 93-114; "Tinkering Toward Utopia," 142-167; "A New Civics for a Smart Century," 282-323.

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09 MAY China and the Urbanism of Ambition

Thomas J. Campanella, The Concrete Dragon: China's Urban Revolution and What it Means for the World (Princeton, 2008): "The Urbanism of Ambition,"12-25; "Thunder from the South," 27-55; "Suburbanization and the Mechanics of Sprawl," 189-215; "Theme Parks and Landscape of Consumption," 242-279; "China Reinvents the City," 281-301.

Dieter Hassenpflug, The Urban Code of China (Birkhäuser, 2010), "Introduction" and "How to Read a City," 8-22.

11 MAY The Triumph of Urbanism

Vishaan Chakrabarti, A Country of Cities: A Manifesto for an Urban America (Metropolis, 2013): "How to Build Good Cities," 126-214; "Of Trains, Towers, and Trees," 215-222; "The Manifesto," 223-229.

Alan Ehrenhalt, The Great Inversion and the Future of the American City (Vintage, 2012): "Prologue: Trading Places," 3-21.

David Owen, Green Metropolis (Riverhead, 2009): "More Like Manhattan," 1-48

Optional Edward L. Glaeser, Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier (Penquin, 2012).