crusades & black plague
TRANSCRIPT
The CrusadesThe Crusades1050-14501050-1450
Crusades were carried out by Crusades were carried out by Christian political and religious Christian political and religious leaders to take leaders to take control of the control of the Holy Land from the MuslimsHoly Land from the Muslims.. The “The “Holy LandHoly Land” is the ” is the
Christian term for Christian term for JerusalemJerusalem
Late Middle AgesLate Middle AgesThe CrusadesThe Crusades
The CrusadesThe CrusadesThere are five key events in There are five key events in the Crusadesthe Crusades
The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1stst Key Key EventEvent
Pope Urban II SpeechPope Urban II Speech – Islamic – Islamic armies had captured Jerusalem in armies had captured Jerusalem in 637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope 637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope Urban urged Christians to Urban urged Christians to use any use any means necessarymeans necessary to take back the to take back the Holy Land.Holy Land.
The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1stst Key Key EventEvent
Motives were Motives were not strictly religiousnot strictly religious.. He wanted to increase his power, heal He wanted to increase his power, heal
the great schism between the Eastern the great schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Catholic Church.
He also wanted to He also wanted to limit Christians limit Christians fighting Christiansfighting Christians, which was , which was common during this time.common during this time.
The Crusades – 2nd Key The Crusades – 2nd Key EventEvent
Capture of JerusalemCapture of Jerusalem – In 1099, – In 1099, Christian crusaders did manage to Christian crusaders did manage to recapture Jerusalem. recapture Jerusalem. In the process, they In the process, they slaughtered slaughtered
everyoneeveryone they came across, they came across, Muslim, Jew, and Christian.Muslim, Jew, and Christian.
The Crusades – 3rd Key The Crusades – 3rd Key EventEvent
Founding of the Crusader StatesFounding of the Crusader States After the success of the First After the success of the First
Crusade and the taking of Crusade and the taking of Jerusalem, the Christians set up Jerusalem, the Christians set up four small city-statesfour small city-states called the called the Crusader States.Crusader States.
County of Edessa, Principality of County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of TripoliCounty of Tripoli
County of Edessa
Principality of Antioch
County of Tripoli
Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Crusades – 3rd Key The Crusades – 3rd Key EventEvent
Despite this early success, Despite this early success, Muslims continued to fightMuslims continued to fight with with Christians over this territory.Christians over this territory.Christians responded by building Christians responded by building huge, huge, fortress castlesfortress castles to defend to defend themselves.themselves.
The Crusades – 4th Key The Crusades – 4th Key EventEvent
Loss of Jerusalem to SaladinLoss of Jerusalem to Saladin in in 1187. Saladin was a Muslim 1187. Saladin was a Muslim general who retook the city.general who retook the city.Unlike the Christian crusaders, Unlike the Christian crusaders, Saladin gave fair warningSaladin gave fair warning to to anyone that he was invading, and anyone that he was invading, and he allowed both Christians and he allowed both Christians and Jews to live in peace in the city.Jews to live in peace in the city.
The Crusades – 5th Key The Crusades – 5th Key EventEvent
Sacking of Constantinople by Sacking of Constantinople by Western CrusadersWestern Crusaders In 1204, during the 4In 1204, during the 4thth Crusade Crusade
(there were 7 major crusades and 4 (there were 7 major crusades and 4 or 5 minor ones), Venice sent or 5 minor ones), Venice sent Crusaders to attack Constantinople.Crusaders to attack Constantinople.
Now why would they do that?Now why would they do that?
The Crusades – 5th Key The Crusades – 5th Key EventEvent
Venice was a trading town. Its Venice was a trading town. Its biggest competitionbiggest competition was from was from Constantinople. Constantinople. Crusaders asked the Venetians to Crusaders asked the Venetians to
transport themtransport them to the Holy Land. to the Holy Land. Venetians convinced them to take a Venetians convinced them to take a
detour first.detour first.
The Crusades – 5th Key The Crusades – 5th Key EventEvent
Venetians convinced the Crusaders to Venetians convinced the Crusaders to sack the city. sack the city. Crusaders did successfully attack the cityCrusaders did successfully attack the city
and they stole everything that wasn’t and they stole everything that wasn’t nailed down, and some stuff that was!nailed down, and some stuff that was!
Today, the best Today, the best Byzantine artByzantine art can be can be found in Venicefound in Venice
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liPMRLO_GpIv=liPMRLO_GpI
Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades1.1. Weakened the PopeWeakened the Pope and nobles and nobles
but strengthened the kings and but strengthened the kings and monarchs.monarchs.
2.2. Stimulated tradeStimulated trade through the through the Mediterranean world and the Mediterranean world and the Middle EastMiddle East
Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades3.3. Left a legacy of bitternessLeft a legacy of bitterness among among
Christians, Jews, and Muslims Christians, Jews, and Muslims (and this bitterness still survives (and this bitterness still survives to this day!)to this day!)
4.4. After the 4After the 4thth Crusade, the Crusade, the Byzantine Empire is left very Byzantine Empire is left very weak.weak.
Invasions of the Late Invasions of the Late Middle AgesMiddle Ages
Three Types of InvasionsThree Types of Invasions
1.1.MongolMongol2.2.OttomanOttoman3.3.InfectiousInfectious
Mongol InvasionsMongol Invasions
Mongols, you’ll Mongols, you’ll remember are from remember are from north of Chinanorth of China
Mongol InvasionsMongol Invasions•They moved out from They moved out from Mongolia and Mongolia and invaded Russia, invaded Russia, China, and Muslim statesChina, and Muslim states in in Southwest Asia destroying Southwest Asia destroying cities and countrysidecities and countryside•Created a new empire.Created a new empire.
Ottoman invasionsOttoman invasions•Ottoman Turks Ottoman Turks conquered the conquered the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
• In 1453, they In 1453, they sacked the city of sacked the city of Constantinople, Constantinople, renaming it renaming it IstanbulIstanbul..
Ottoman invasionsOttoman invasions
Istanbul Istanbul became the became the capitalcapital of the of the Ottoman Ottoman Empire.Empire.
What is this architectural achievement?!??!
Infectious invasionsInfectious invasions•In the 14In the 14thth century, the century, the Black Black DeathDeath or or bubonic plaguebubonic plague decimated (wiped out) large decimated (wiped out) large portions of the populations of Asia portions of the populations of Asia and then Europe.and then Europe.
• Carried by Carried by fleas on ratsfleas on rats from from ChinaChina
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ
Infectious invasionsInfectious invasions
The impact of such a The impact of such a large loss of lifelarge loss of life reverberated throughout reverberated throughout the region.the region.
Infectious invasions - ImpactInfectious invasions - Impact
Loss of population which Loss of population which caused…caused…
Scarcity of laborScarcity of laborhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA6v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA66545C9BCE6545C9BCE
Infectious invasions - ImpactInfectious invasions - Impact
Loss of people and Loss of people and subsequent labor also subsequent labor also caused caused trade to declinetrade to decline..
Infectious invasions - ImpactInfectious invasions - Impact
Towns were no longer Towns were no longer bound by their feudal bound by their feudal obligationsobligations
Infectious invasions - ImpactInfectious invasions - Impact
The ChurchThe Church, unable to , unable to give a satisfactory give a satisfactory response to large scale response to large scale death, death, lostlost a great deal of a great deal of influenceinfluence..