cryogenic gases data book
DESCRIPTION
cryogenic gasesTRANSCRIPT
DATA BOOK for Cryogenic Gases
and Equipment
1
Common Equivalents & Conversions
Approximate Common Equivalents
1 inch = 25 millimeters
1 foot = 0.3 meter
1 yard = 0.9 meter
1 mile = 1.6 kilometers
1 sq inch = 6.5 sq cm
1 sq foot = 0.09 sq meter
1 sq yard = 0.8 sq meter
1 acre = 0.4 hectare+
1 cu inch = 16 cu cm
1 cu foot = 0.03 cu meter
1 quart (lq) = 1 liter+
1 gallon = 0.004 cu meter
1 ounce (avdp) = 28 grams
1 pound (avdp = 0.45 kilogram
1 horsepower = 0.75 kilowatt
1 millimeter = 0.04 inch
1 meter = 3.3 feet
1 meter = 1.1 yards
1 kilometer = 0.6 mile
1 sq centimeter = 0.06 cu inch
1 cu meter = 35 cu feet
1 cu meter = 1.3 cu yards
1 cubic meter = 250 gallons
1 liter+ = 1 quart
1 gram = 0.035 oz (avdp)
1 kilogram = 2.2 lbs (avdp)
1 kilowatt = 1.3 horsepower
Conversions Accurate to Parts Per Million
inches x 25.4 = millimeters
feet x 0.3048” = meters
yards x 0.9144 = meters
miles x 1.609.34 = kilometers
sq inches x 6.4516* = sq centimeters
sq feet x 0.0929030 = sq meters
sq yards x 0.836127 = sq meters
acres x 0.404686 = hectares
cu inches x 16.3871 = cu centimeters
cu feet x 0.0283168 = cu meters
cu yards x 0.764555 = cu meters
quarts (lq) x 0.946353 = liters
gallons x 0.00378541 = cu meters
ounces (avdp) x 28.3495 = grams
pounds (avdp) x 0.453592 = kilograms
horsepower x 0.745700 = kilowatts
millimeters x 0.03937701 = inches
meters x 3.28084 = feet
meters x 1.09361 = yards
kilometers x 0.621371 = miles
sq centimeters x 0.155000 = sq inches
sq meters x 10.7639 = sq feet
sq meters x 1.19499 = sq yards
hectares x 2.47104 = acres
cu cm x 0.0610237 = cu inches
cu meters x 35.3147 = cu feet
cu meters x 1.30795 = cu yards
liters x 1.05669 = quarts (lq)
cu meters x 264.172 = gallons
grams x 0.0352740 = ounces (avdp)
kilograms x 2.20462 = pounds (avdp)
kilowatts x 1.34102 = horsepower
+ common term not used in S1* exactSource: NBS Special Pub. 304.
WARNING
Don’t become a casualty!
Beware of confined spaces where there is insufficient oxygen to supportlife. Types of confined spaces include:
A. Pits and deep depressions, sewers
B. Above-ground confined spaces such as air separation cold boxesand similar insulated cavities, silos, furnace boxes, combustionchambers, etc.
C. Tanks on railroad cars and highway vehicles, storage tanks,mixing tanks
D. Reaction kettles, stills, receivers, steam drums
E. Acetylene generators and gas holders
Where atmospheric air is not deliberately provided, or where breathingequipment is not available, Tank Entry Procedures as published andprovided by this company or similarly detailed procedures published byother interested organizations must be rigidly followed.
All data set forth herein is provided for general information only andis based on generally accepted tests and on published data fromstandard technical reference works. The accuracy or completeness ofany such information, test or data is not warranted in any way.
3
Table of Contents
2
Table of Contents
Page No.
Common Equivalents and Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Physical Properties of Selected Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5Carbon Dioxide–Chemical and Physical Constants -
Physical State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7Nitrous Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Conversion Data
Nitrous Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Oxygen and Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Argon and Neon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Helium and Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Krypton and Xenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Carbon Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Tonnage Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Mean Specific Heats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Densities at Various Saturation Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Pressure–Density–Temperature Relationships for Liquid Oxygen,
Nitrogen and Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Vapor Release from Depressurized:
Liquid Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Liquid Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Liquid Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Liquid Helium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-23Liquid Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Refrigeration Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Net Positive Suction Head Requirements for Cryogenic Pumps . . . . . . . . . .26Head to PSI Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Air Pressure Drop in Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28-29Pipe Capacities Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Combustion Constants of Hydrocarbon Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Storage Systems
VS Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32-33Siphon 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34-35VS-CO2 Bulk Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36-37VS-DSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-39VS High Pressure Bulk Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-41Dura-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42-43
Cryo-Cyl LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-45Mega-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46-47Laser-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49Ultra Helium Dewar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51Trifecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53Perma-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55Orca MicroBulk Delivery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-60
Biological SystemsXC & SC Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61-63Lab Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64-65Vapor Shippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66-67
Beverage SystemsCarbo-Mite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68-69Carbo-Charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-71Carbo-Mizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72-73Carbo-Max 750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-75CO2 Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76-77CO2 Safety System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78-79
Vacuum Insulated Piping SystemsCryogenic Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-81
Vaporizer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Conversion Factors:
Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89Specific Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Velocity, Flow Rate, Thermal Conductivity & Temperature . . . . . . . . . . .93
Temperature Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96-97Miscellaneous Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
5
Physical Properties of Selected Gases
4
Physical Properties of Selected Gases
Acetylene Hydrogen Neon Krypton Xenon AirC2H2 H2 Ne Kr Xe —
26.0382 2.01594 20.183 83.80 131.30 28.96None None None None None NoneSweet None None None None NoneNone None None None None None
0.9053 0.0695 0.6958 2.898 4.56 1.0
0.06785 0.005209 0.05215 0.2172 0.3416 0.07493
14.7 192.0 19.175 4.604 2.927 13.3
0.10800 0.083133 0.5963 0.536 0.718-118.5* -423.0 -410.8 -243.8 -162.5
344.8** 191.7 38.3 46.3 41.4 88.3
60.58 12.98 26.19 54.3 57.64890.3 190.8 384.9 798.0 847.1
+95.32 -399.96 -379.75 -82.8 +61.86
1.2651 0.071 0.4273 0.7220 0.806418.592 1.04 6.28 10.61 11.85-112.99 -434.56 -415.49 -251.28 -169.180.4067 3.4202 0.2462 0.0597 0.0382 0.2406@80°F @77°F @77°F @87°F @77°F @80.3°F1.234 1.405 1.642 1.701 1.666 1.4017
@77°F @77°F @68°F @87°F @68°F @80.3°F95.5 89.37 313.81 251.71 231.02 184.67
@68°F @80°F
0.0123 0.0973 0.021087 0.00501 0.00293 0.0139@80°F
11.6 13.5 21.5 13.9 12.1
10.2 16.58 9.98 8.3916.62 10.51 9.416.53 9.86 8.28
Name of Gas Oxygen Nitrogen Argon Helium MethaneChemical Symbol O2 N2 Ar He CH4
Molecular Weight 31.9988 28.0134 39.948 4.0026 16.043Color None None None None NoneOdor None None None None NoneTaste None None None None None
Spec. Gravity (Air=1)70°F. 1 Atm. 1.105 0.9669 1.395 0.13796 .5539
Density lb Per cu ft70°F 1 Atm. 0.08281 0.07245 0.1034 0.01034 .0415
Spec Vol. cu ftper lb 70°F 1 Atm. 12.076 13.803 9.671 96.71 24.096
Density Sat’d Vapor,lb per cu ft 1 Atm. 0.27876 0.2874 0.35976 1.0434 .1134
Normal Boiling Point °F -297.33 -320.36 -302.55 -452.1 -258.7Heat of Vaporization
BTU per Pound 91.7 85.6 70.1 9 223.3Critical Pressure
Atmospheres, Abs. 50.14 33.54 48.34 2.26 666.88lb per sq in, Abs. 736.9 492.9 710.4 33.2Critical Temp. °F -181.08 -232.40 -188.12 -450.31 -116.67
Triple Point PressureAtmosphere, Abs. 0.00145 0.1238 0.68005 Nonelb per sq in, Abs. 0.0213 1.189 9.994 1.7032
Triple Point Temp. °F -361.83 -346.01 -308.8 None -296.45Specific Heat Const. 0.2199 0.2488 0.1244 1.2404 .5339
Press @77°F @77°F @77°F @77°F @80°FRatio Specific Heats 1.396 1.4014 1.6665 1.6671 1.305
@80.3°F @70°F @86°F @77°F @80°FCoeff. Viscosity,
Micropoises @77°F 206.39 177.96 226.38 198.5 112Thermal Conductivity,
32°F 0.0142 0.0139 0.00980 0.08266 .0193BTU/(sq ft)(Hr.)(°F/ft) @40°F @70°FIonization Potential,
Volts 13.6 14.5 15.7 24.5Exitation Potentials:
First ResonancePotential, Volts 9.1 6.3 11.56 20.91
Metastable 11.66 19.77
* Normal sublimation temperature ** Latent heat of sublimation
7
Carbon Dioxide
6
Carbon Dioxide
Chemical Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CO2
Molecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.01
Color-Vapor and Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .None
Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .translucent whiteOdor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .slight-pungentTaste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .biting
Specific Gravity (Air-1.0)
Gas at 70°F, atmospheric pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.53
Specific Volume at atmospheric pressure
Gas 60°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.57 cu ft/lbGas 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.74 cu ft/lb
Temperature of Solid at atmospheric pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-109.25°F
Density
Solid: -109.25°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97.6 lb/cu ftLiquid: +1.7°F 300 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.36 lb/cu ftLiquid: +70°F 839 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47.35 lb/cu ft
Heat Vaporization
Solid: -109.25°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246.6 BTU/ lb
Liquid: +1.7°F 300 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119.2 BTU/ lb
Liquid: +70°F 839 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.9 BTU/ lb
Specific Heat — gas—varies
(At constant pressure of 1 atmosphere) 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.20 BTU/lb(At constant volume) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.15 BTU/lb
Viscosity— gas at atmosphere pressure & 70°F . . . . . . . . . . .0.015 Centipoise
Liquid at 0°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.14 Centipoise
Critical temperature (highest temperature at which
CO2 can exist as a liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87.82°F
Triple Point (temperature pressure combination at whichCO2 can exist simultaneously as a solid, liquid or gas) . .-69.83°F & 75.13 psia
(Reference: Airco R687 A and data of Plank & Kuprianoff)
Phys
ical
Sta
te o
f CO 2
Vers
us S
atur
ated
Vap
or T
empe
ratu
re a
nd P
ress
ure
Tem
pera
ture
Ga
uge
Pres
sure
Spec
ific
Volu
me
Cu F
t/Lb
Phys
ical
Sta
te(°F
)(L
b/Sq
In)
(Liqu
id or
Soli
d)(G
as)
of C
O 2+8
8.41
1057
.00.
0345
30.
0345
Gas
Only
abov
e th
is po
int
+60.
073
2.7
0.01
970
0.09
95Li
quid
and
Gas
+32.
049
0.6
0.01
730.
1663
Liqu
id a
nd G
as
0.0
291.
10.
0157
10.
2905
Liqu
id a
nd G
as
-20
200.
40.
0149
80.
4165
Liqu
id a
nd G
as
-40
131.
20.
0143
70.
6113
Liqu
id a
nd G
as
-69.
83 tr
iple
60.4
0.01
360
1.15
70Li
quid
and
Gas
-69.
83 p
oint
60.4
0.01
059
1.15
70G
as a
nd S
olid
-90.
019
.40.
0104
02.
52G
as a
nd S
olid
-109
.25
0.0
0.01
025
5.69
Gas
and
Sol
id
-140
.023
.4*
0.01
007
24.5
Gas
and
Sol
id
* Inc
hes
of m
ercu
ry v
acuu
m
9
Nitrous Oxide Conversion Data
8
Nitrous Oxide
International Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N2OMolecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.013Vapor Pressure, psia @ -4°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
@ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736@ 98°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055
Density, gas @ 1 atm, lb/cu ft @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1230@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1146
Specific Gravity, gas @ 32°F and 1 atm (air=1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.529Specific Volume, gas @ 1 atm, cu ft/lb @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.130
@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.726Density, saturated vapor, lb/cu ft @ boiling point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.194
@ -4°F and 262 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.997@ 68°F and 736 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.051
Density, liquid @ boiling point and 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6@ 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3
Specific Gravity, liquid @ 68°F and 736 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.785Boiling Point @ 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –127.3°FMelting Point @ 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –131.5°FTriple Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –131.5 @ 12.74 psiaCritical Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.7°FCritical Pressure, psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054Critical Density, lb/cu ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.15Latent Heat of Vaporization, BTU/lb @ boiling point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.8
@ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.5@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7
Latent Heat of Fusion at triple point, BTU/lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9Specific Heat, gas, at 1 atm, BTU/(lb)(°F) Cp 77°F to 212°F . . . . . . . . . 0.212
Cp @ 59°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2004Cv @ 59°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1538
Ratio of Specific Heats, Cp/Cv @ 59°F and 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.303Solubility in Water at 1 atm, vol/1 vol of water @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3
@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.72@ 77°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66
Solubility in Alcohol at 68°F and 1 atm, vol/1 vol of alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0Weight/gal, liquid, lb @ boiling point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.23
@ -4°F and 262 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.35@ 68°F and 736 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.54
Viscosity, gas, centipoises @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0135@ 80°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0149
Thermal Conductivity, gas @ 32°F (BTU)(ft)/(sq ft)(hr)(°F) . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0083
Poun
dsTo
nsS.
C.F.
Gas
S.G.
Gas
Gallo
ns/L
iquid
Cu F
t/Liqu
idLit
ers/L
iquid
1 Po
und
10.
0005
8.71
165
.158
0.09
782
0.01
308
0.37
023
1 To
n20
001
17.4
2213
0.31
619
5.64
26.1
274
0.46
1 S.
C.F
Gas
70°F
— 1
4.7
psia
0.11
4857
.4 x
10-
61
7.48
050.
0112
40.
0015
020.
0425
0
1 Ga
llon
Gas
70°F
— 1
4.7
psia
0.01
535
7.67
5 x
10-6
0.13
371
10.
0015
00.
0002
100.
0056
8
1 Ga
llon
Liquid
10.2
230.
0051
1189
.053
666.
171
0.13
3680
3.78
533
1 cu
ft L
iquid
76.4
740.
0382
3766
6.17
4983
.28
7.48
052
128
.316
2
1 Lit
er L
iquid
2.70
10.
0013
5023
.528
176.
000.
2641
780.
0353
154
1
S.C.
F. (S
tand
ard
Cubic
Fee
t) Ni
trous
Oxid
e Ga
s ar
e m
easu
red
at 7
0°F
and
14.7
psia
.
S.G.
(Sta
ndar
d Ga
llons
) Nitr
ous
Oxide
Gas
are
mea
sure
d at
70°
F an
d 14
.7 p
sia.
Liquid
Nitr
ous
Oxide
qua
ntitie
s ar
e m
easu
red
at -1
27.2
°F a
nd 1
4.7
psia.
Oxyg
en
Wei
ght
Gas
Liqu
idPo
unds
Kilo
gram
sCu
bic
Feet
Cubi
c M
eter
sG
allo
nsLi
ters
(Lb)
(Kg)
(SCF
)(N
m3 )
(Gal
)(L
)1
Poun
d1.
00.
4536
12.0
760.
3174
0.10
500.
3977
1 Ki
logr
am2.
205
1.0
26.6
20.
6998
0.23
160.
8767
1 SC
F G
as0.
0828
10.
0375
61.
00.
0262
80.
0086
910.
0329
1 Nm
3G
as3.
151
1.42
9138
.04
1.0
0.33
101.
2528
1 G
al L
iqui
d9.
527
4.32
211
5.1
3.02
51.
03.
785
1 L
Liqu
id2.
517
1.14
1730
.38
0.79
830.
2642
1.0
Nitro
gen
1 Po
und
1.0
0.45
3613
.803
0.36
270.
1481
0.56
061
Kilo
gram
2.20
51.
030
.42
0.79
960.
3262
1.23
491
SCF
Gas
0.07
245
0.03
286
1.0
0.02
628
0.01
074
0.04
065
1 Nm
3G
as2.
757
1.25
0638
.04
1.0
0.40
801.
5443
1 G
al L
iqui
d6.
745
3.06
093
.112.
447
1.0
3.78
51
LLi
quid
1.78
20.
8083
24.6
00.
6464
0.26
421.
0
SCF
(Sta
ndar
d Cu
bic
Foot
) gas
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 70
°F.
Nm3
(nor
mal
cub
ic m
eter
) mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 0°
C.Li
quid
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d bo
iling
tem
pera
ture
.Al
l val
ues
roun
ded
to n
eare
st 4
/5 s
igni
fican
t num
bers
.
Argo
n
Wei
ght
Gas
Liqu
idPo
unds
Kilo
gram
sCu
bic
Feet
Cubi
c M
eter
sG
allo
nsLi
ters
(Lb)
(Kg)
(SCF
)(N
m3 )
(Gal
)(L
)1
Poun
d1.
00.
4536
9.67
10.
2543
0.08
600
0.32
551
Kilo
gram
2.20
51.
021
.32
0.56
050.
1895
70.
7176
1 SC
F G
as0.
1034
0.04
690
1.0
0.02
628
0.00
8893
0.03
366
1 Nm
3G
as3.
933
1.78
4038
.04
1.0
0.33
821.
2802
1 G
al L
iqui
d11
.630
5.27
611
2.5
2.95
71.
03.
785
1 L
Liqu
id3.
072
1.39
3629
.71
0.78
120.
2642
1.0
Neon
1 Po
und
1.0
0.45
3619
.175
0.50
400.
0992
80.
3758
1 Ki
logr
am2.
205
1.0
42.2
71.
1112
0.21
910.
8292
1 SC
F G
as0.
0521
50.
0236
61.
00.
0262
80.
0051
770.
0195
941
Nm3
Gas
1.98
400.
8999
38.0
41.
00.
1971
40.
7462
1 G
al L
iqui
d10
.065
4.56
519
3.2
5.07
71.
03.
785
1 L
Liqu
id2.
661
1.20
7051
.03
1.34
100.
2642
1.0
SCF
(Sta
ndar
d Cu
bic
Foot
) gas
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 70
°F.
Nm3
(nor
mal
cub
ic m
eter
) mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 0°
C.Li
quid
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d bo
iling
tem
pera
ture
.Al
l val
ues
roun
ded
to n
eare
st 4
/5 s
igni
fican
t num
bers
.
11
Argon and Neon Conversion Data
10
Oxygen and Nitrogen Conversion Data
Kryp
ton
Wei
ght
Gas
Liqu
idPo
unds
Kilo
gram
sCu
bic
Feet
Cubi
c M
eter
sG
allo
nsLi
ters
(Lb)
(Kg)
(SCF
)(N
m3 )
(Gal
)(L
)1
Poun
d1.
00.
4536
4.60
40.
1209
80.
0496
70.
1880
1 Ki
logra
m2.
205
1.0
10.1
470.
2667
0.10
939
0.41
411
SCF
Gas
0.21
720.
0985
21.
00.
0262
80.
0107
730.
0407
81
Nm3
Gas
8.26
63.
749
38.0
41.
00.
4101
1.55
251
Gal L
iquid
20.1
39.
131
92.6
92.
436
1.0
3.78
51
LLiq
uid5.
318
2.41
224
.51
0.64
410.
2642
1.0
Xeno
n
1 Po
und
1.0
0.45
362.
927
0.07
692
0.03
921
0.14
840
1 Ki
logra
m2.
205
1.0
6.45
10.
1695
80.
0864
20.
3271
1 SC
F Ga
s0.
3416
0.15
495
1.0
0.02
628
0.01
3392
0.05
069
1 Nm
3Ga
s13
.000
5.89
738
.04
1.0
0.50
961.
9291
1 Ga
l Liqu
id25
.51
11.5
7274
.67
1.96
231.
03.
785
1 L
Liquid
6.73
83.
056
19.7
260.
5185
0.26
421.
0
SCF
(Sta
ndar
d Cu
bic F
oot)
gas
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 70
°F.
Nm3
(nor
mal
cubic
met
er) m
easu
red
at 1
atm
osph
ere
and
0°C.
Liquid
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d bo
iling
tem
pera
ture
.Al
l valu
es ro
unde
d to
nea
rest
4/5
signif
icant
num
bers
.
13
Krypton and Xenon Conversion Data
12
Helium and Hydrogen Conversion Data
Heliu
m
Wei
ght
Gas
Liqu
idPo
unds
Kilo
gram
sCu
bic
Feet
Cubi
c M
eter
sG
allo
nsLi
ters
(Lb)
(Kg)
(SCF
)(N
m3 )
(Gal
)(L
)1
Poun
d1.
00.
4536
96.7
12.
542
0.95
933.
631
1 Ki
logr
am2.
205
1.0
213.
25.
603
2.11
58.
006
1 SC
F G
as0.
0103
40.
0046
901.
00.
0262
80.
0099
190.
0375
41
Nm3
Gas
0.39
350.
1784
738
.04
1.0
0.37
751.
4289
1 G
al L
iqui
d1.
0423
0.47
2810
0.80
2.64
91.
03.
785
1 L
Liqu
id0.
2754
0.12
4926
.63
0.69
980.
2642
1.0
Hydr
ogen
1 Po
und
1.0
0.45
3619
2.00
5.04
71.
6928
6.40
81
Kilo
gram
2.20
51.
042
3.3
11.1
263.
733
14.1
281
SCF
Gas
0.00
5209
0.00
2363
1.0
0.02
628
0.00
8820
0.03
339
1 Nm
3G
as0.
1981
50.
0898
838
.04
1.0
0.33
551.
2699
1 G
al L
iqui
d0.
5906
0.26
7911
3.41
2.98
11.
03.
785
1 L
Liqu
id0.
1560
40.
0707
829
.99
0.78
810.
2642
1.0
SCF
(Sta
ndar
d Cu
bic
Foot
) gas
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 70
°F.
Nm3
(nor
mal
cub
ic m
eter
) mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 0°
C.Li
quid
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d bo
iling
tem
pera
ture
.Al
l val
ues
roun
ded
to n
eare
st 4
/5sig
nific
ant n
umbe
rs.
Hydr
ogen
gas
valu
es e
xpre
ssed
in th
e sta
ble c
ondit
ions
75%
orth
o, 2
5% p
ure.
Hydr
ogen
liquid
valu
es e
xpre
ssed
in th
e sta
ble p
ara
cond
ition.
Carb
on D
ioxi
de
Weig
htGa
sLiq
uidSo
lid
Poun
dsTo
nsKi
logra
ms
Cubic
Fee
tCu
bic M
eter
sGa
llons
Liter
sCu
bic F
eet
(Lb)
(T)
(Kg)
(SCF
)(N
m3 )
(Gal)
(L)
(Cu
Ft)
1 Po
und
1.0
0.00
050.
4536
8.74
10.
2294
0.11
806
0.44
690.
0102
46
1 To
n20
00.0
1.0
907.
217
,483
.045
8.8
236.
189
3.9
20.4
9
1 Ki
logra
m2.
205
0.00
1102
31.
019
.253
0.50
580.
2603
0.98
600.
2260
1 SC
F Ga
s0.
1144
—0.
0518
91.
00.
0262
80.
0135
060.
0511
30.
0011
723
1 Nm
3Ga
s4.
359
0.00
2180
1.97
7238
.04
1.0
0.51
461.
9480
0.04
468
1 Ga
l Liqu
id8.
470
0.00
4235
3.84
274
.04
1.94
311.
03.
785
0.08
678
1 L
Liquid
2.23
80.
0011
185
1.01
5119
.562
0.51
340.
2642
1.0
0.02
293
1 Cu
Ft S
olid
97.5
60.
0488
044
.25
852.
822
.38
11.5
1843
.60
1.0
SCF
(Sta
ndar
d Cu
bic F
oot)
gas
mea
sure
d at
1 a
tmos
pher
e an
d 70
°F.
Nm3
(nor
mal
cubic
met
er) g
as m
easu
red
at 1
atm
osph
ere
and
0°C.
Liquid
mea
sure
d at
21.
42 a
tmos
pher
es a
nd 1
.7°F
.
Al
l valu
es ro
unde
d to
nea
rest
4/5
signif
icant
num
bers
.So
lid m
easu
red
at -1
09.2
5°F.
15
Tonnage Conversion Factors*
14
Carbon Dioxide Conversion Data
Oxygen1 lb Gaseous Oxygen =12.08 scf at 14.7 psia and70°F.
1 ton Gaseous Oxygen =24,160 scf at 14.7 psiaand 70°F.
scf/mo(millions) tons/day
1 1.382 2.763 4.144 5.525 6.906 8.287 9.668 11.049 12.4210 13.8020 27.5930 41.3940 55.1950 68.98
scf/motons/day (millions)
10 7.2512.5 9.0625 18.1250 36.2475 54.36100 72.5
Nitrogen1 lb Gaseous Nitrogen =13.80 scf at 14.7 psia and70°F.
1 ton Gaseous Nitrogen =27,605 scf at 14.7 psiaand 70°F.
scf/mo(millions) tons/day
1 1.212 2.423 3.624 4.835 6.046 7.257 8.458 9.669 10.8710 12.0820 24.1530 36.2340 48.3050 60.38
scf/motons/day (millions)
10 8.2812.5 10.3525 20.7050 41.4175 62.11100 82.82
Hydrogen1 lb. Gaseous Hydrogen =192.0 scf at 14.7 psia and 70°F.
1 ton Gaseous Hydrogen =383,950 scf at 14.7 psiaand 70°F.
scf/mo(millions) tons/day
1 0.0872 0.1743 0.264 0.355 0.436 0.527 0.618 0.699 0.7810 0.8720 1.7430 2.6040 3.4750 4.34
scf/motons/day (millions)
10 115.212.5 14425 28850 57675 864100 1152
* Based on 30 day month
OXYG
ENNI
TROG
ENAR
GON
Satu
ratio
nLi
quid
Gas
Liqu
idGa
sLi
quid
Gas
Pres
sure
Dens
ityDe
nsity
Dens
ityDe
nsity
Dens
ityDe
nsity
PSIG
Lbs/
Ft3
SCF/
Gal
Lbs/
Ft3
SCF/
Gal
Lbs/
Ft3
SCF/
Gal
071
.17
115.
1050
.44
93.11
87.5
111
2.50
570
.42
113.
7249
.62
91.5
585
.77
110.
89
1069
.80
112.
7349
.00
90.4
084
.77
109.
60
2567
.86
109.
5947
.50
87.6
382
.46
106.
61
5065
.55
105.
8645
.69
84.1
879
.90
103.
31
7563
.76
102.
9744
.19
81.5
377
.90
100.
71
100
62.4
310
0.82
42.8
879
.12
76.1
598
.45
150
59.8
096
.57
40.7
075
.08
73.1
694
.59
200
57.6
293
.05
38.7
671
.51
70.2
890
.87
250
55.6
089
.79
36.8
367
.95
67.7
987
.65
Note
: Den
sity
of w
ater
at 6
0°F
= 62
.30
lbs/cu
ft
17
Densities At Various Saturation Pressures
16
Mean Specific Heats
–Cp = H/t—60 BTU per lb, per °F
t (°F) O2 H2 H2O N2 CO CO2
100 0.2188 3.420 0.4448 0.2482 0.4285 0.2022200 0.2203 3.434 0.4472 0.2485 0.2488 0.2086300 0.2221 3.442 0.4499 0.2488 0.2493 0.2145400 0.2240 3.448 0.4529 0.2493 0.2501 0.2201500 0.2259 3.452 0.4562 0.2500 0.2511 0.2253600 0.2279 3.455 0.4597 0.2509 0.2522 0.2301700 0.2299 3.458 0.4634 0.2520 0.2535 0.2346800 0.2318 3.462 0.4674 0.2531 0.2549 0.2388900 0.2337 3.466 0.4715 0.2544 0.2564 0.24281000 0.2355 3.470 0.4757 0.2558 0.2580 0.24651100 0.2373 3.475 0.4800 0.2572 0.2596 0.25001200 0.2390 3.480 0.4844 0.2586 0.2611 0.25331300 0.2406 3.487 0.4888 0.2600 0.2627 0.25641400 0.2420 3.494 0.4932 0.2614 0.2642 0.25931500 0.2434 3.501 0.4976 0.2628 0.2657 0.26201600 0.2448 3.510 0.5021 0.2642 0.2672 0.26461700 0.2461 3.519 0.5066 0.2656 0.2686 0.26711800 0.2473 3.528 0.5111 0.2669 0.2700 0.26941900 0.2484 3.538 0.5156 0.2682 0.2713 0.27162000 0.2495 3.549 0.5201 0.2695 0.2726 0.27372100 0.2506 3.460 0.5245 0.2707 0.2739 0.27572200 0.2517 3.572 0.5289 0.2719 0.2751 0.27762300 0.2527 3.584 0.5334 0.2732 0.2763 0.27952400 0.2536 3.596 0.5375 0.2742 0.2774 0.28132500 0.2545 3.608 0.5415 0.2753 0.2784 0.28302600 0.2554 3.620 0.5456 0.2764 0.2794 0.28452700 0.2562 3.632 0.5496 0.2774 0.2804 0.28602800 0.2570 3.644 0.5536 0.2784 0.2814 0.28752900 0.2578 3.656 0.5575 0.2793 0.2823 0.28893000 0.2585 3.668 0.5614 0.2802 0.2831 0.29023100 0.2593 3.680 0.5652 0.2811 0.2840 0.29153200 0.2600 3.692 0.5688 0.2819 0.2848 0.2927
Courtesy of AFS Handbook of Cupola Operation
1918
Comparison Charts
Pressure over liquid oxygen, nitrogen and argon comparedwith temperature at which liquids boil
Density-temperature relationships for liquid oxygen, nitrogen and argon
Vapor Release Charts
Vapor release from depressurized liquid oxygen
2120
Vapor Release Charts Vapor Release Charts
Vapor release from depressurized liquid argonVapor release from depressurized liquid nitrogen
23
Vapor Release Charts
22
Vapor Release Charts
Vapor release from depressurized liquid helium
In addition to liquid losses due to container and transfer tube normal heatleak, tube and receiving vessel cool down, boil-off in the container resultingfrom heat input of the pressurizing gas and saturated vapor equalization,there is a flash loss from the pressure drop in a transfer line and a loss fromdepressurizing a container after making a partial withdrawal.
For best transfer efficiency, the withdrawal should be started andmaintained with as low a pressure as practical. Too low a pressure willrequire a longer time to make a transfer and thus permit heat leak in thetransfer system to become excessive. A balance between effects of heat leakand depressurization generally may be attained by operating in a pressurerange of 2 to 3 psig.
Flash loss due to pressure drop through the transfer line may be estimatedby use of Chart 1 “Helium Flash Rate.” Depressurization loss of liquid in thecontainer may be estimated by use of Chart 2 “Helium DepressurizationLosses.”
For example: Assume a helium container is discharging at a constantpressure of 5 psig. From Chart 1 the flash loss is approximately 13.8%of the liquid entering the transfer tube. From Chart 2 the loss fromdepressurizing the container is approximately 12.5% of the liquidremaining in the container.
25
Refrigerant Values
24
Vapor Release Charts
Refri
gera
tion
Valu
es to
+40°
F fo
r Exp
enda
ble
Refri
gera
nts
Refri
gera
ntPr
essu
reLa
tent
Hea
tSe
nsib
le H
eat
Tota
l Hea
tRe
frige
rant
Tem
p °F
psia
BTU/
lbBT
U/lb
BTU/
lbW
ater
Ice
32°
14.7
144.
08.
015
2.0
Liquid
CO 2
-109
°14
.711
3.0*
29.8
149.
8(fl
ashe
d to
sno
w)Dr
y Ice Bl
ocks
-109
°14
.724
6.3
29.8
276.
1Pe
llets
-109
°14
.724
6.3
29.8
276.
1Liq
uid N
itrog
en@
1 a
tm-3
20°
14.7
85.6
94.0
179.
6@
5 a
tm-2
88°
73.5
61.0
95.0
156.
0
Effe
ctive
Ref
riger
ant C
ost =
Ref
riger
ant C
ost P
er P
ound
To
tal H
eat R
emov
ed P
er P
ound
Wat
er ic
e ha
s a
liquid
resid
ue w
hile
rem
aining
refri
gera
nts
are
conv
erte
d to
the
gas
phas
e. C
O 2sn
ow is
flas
hed
from
liquid
CO 2
at 3
14.7
psia
sto
rage
pre
ssur
e. S
now
yield
is 46
% b
y we
ight.
Liquid
car
bon
dioxid
e is
store
d at
zer
o de
gree
s an
d m
ainta
ined
at z
ero
degr
ees
by a
mec
hanic
al re
frige
rato
r. Th
is pe
rmits
sto
rage
of li
quid
carb
ondio
xide
with
out l
oss.
Dry
ice p
ellet
s ar
e m
anuf
actu
red
by c
ompr
essin
g CO
2sn
ow in
an
extru
sion
mac
hine.
Liqu
id nit
roge
n los
ses
are
pres
ent d
uring
sto
rage
.
* This
late
nt h
eat v
alue
is BT
U pe
r pou
nd o
f liqu
id CO
2.
Vapor release from depressurized liquid hydrogen
27
Head to PSI Conversion
26
Net Positive Suction Head Requirements forCryogenic Pumps
More pump problems result from incorrect determination of Net PositiveSuction Head (NPSH) than from any other single cause.
Liquids at any temperature above their freezing have a corresponding vaporpressure which must be taken into account when planning a pumping system.NPSH can be defined as the difference between the actual pressure and thevapor pressure of the liquid at the suction port of the pump. This is alsosometimes referred to as “sub-cooling” or “super pressure.”
While sitting idle, the liquid in a storage vessel will gradually absorb heat andwith all the vents closed, will generate pressures that are directly related to thetemperature of the liquid. These pressures are called the “saturated vaporpressures.” This saturated condition exists as long as the liquid is at its boilingpoint for any given pressure in the vessel. The important point to remember isthat no matter what the tank pressure is, any reduction in pressure will cause thesaturated liquid to boil.
No cryogenic pump can operate on saturated liquid since in order to establishflow into the pump suction, there must be lower pressure in the pump. Thispressure drop causes the saturated liquid to boil, and the resultant vapors enterthe pump causing it to “cavitate” and lose prime.
To prevent cavitation, some NPSH must be provided to the pump. Theamount of minimum NPSH varies with size, type and make of pump, and isgenerally indicated on the nameplate. The NPSH can be provided by static head,or elevation of liquid above the pump suction and/or by building an artificialpressure in the supply tank with a pressure building coil. This artificial pressuremust be maintained throughout the pumping cycle to insure proper and efficientpump operation.
It is easy to lose, or offset, this “artificial” pressure or liquid head by warmingthe liquid in the suction line to the pump by heat from the atmosphere. It ispossible to have a high “super pressure” in the storage tank so that the liquid ishighly “subcooled” and still have saturated liquid at the pump suction. To preventthis, pump suction lines should be short and well insulated.
CFM CFMFree Air Compr. Air Air Pressure Drop In Pounds per Sq Inch per 100 ft
at 60°F and at 60°F and of Schedule 40 Pipe For Air at 100 PSIG and 60°F14.7 psia 100 psig
1/4" 3/8" 1/2"1 0.128 0.083 0.0182 0.256 0.285 0.064 0.0203 0.384 0.605 0.133 0.042 3/4"4 0.513 1.04 0.226 0.0715 0.641 1.58 0.343 0.106 0.027
1"6 0.769 2.23 0.408 0.148 0.0378 1.025 3.89 0.848 0.255 0.062 0.01910 1.282 5.96 1.26 0.356 0.094 0.029 1 1/4"15 1.922 13.0 2.73 0.334 0.201 0.06220 2.563 22.8 4.76 1.43 0.345 0.102 0.026 1 1/2"25 3.204 7.34 2.21 0.526 0.156 0.039 0.01930 3.845 10.5 3.15 0.748 0.219 0.055 0.02635 4.486 14.2 4.24 1.00 0.293 0.073 0.03540 5.126 18.4 5.49 1.30 0.379 0.095 0.04445 5.767 23.1 6.90 1.62 0.474 0.116 0.055 2"50 6.408 8.49 1.99 0.578 0.149 0.066 0.01960 7.690 2 1/2" 12.2 2.85 0.819 0.200 0.94 0.02770 8.971 16.5 3.83 1.10 0.270 0.126 0.03680 10.25 0.019 21.4 4.96 1.43 0.350 0.162 0.04690 11.53 0.023 27.0 6.25 1.80 0.437 0.203 0.058100 12.82 0.029 3" 7.69 2.21 0.534 0.247 0.070125 16.02 0.044 11.9 3.39 0.825 0.380 0.107150 19.22 0.062 0.021 17.0 4.87 1.17 0.537 0.151175 22.43 0.083 0.028 23.1 6.60 1.58 0.727 0.205200 25.63 0.107 0.036 30.0 8.54 2.05 0.937 0.264225 28.84 0.134 0.045 10.8 2.59 1.19 0.331250 32.04 0.164 0.055 13.3 3.18 1.45 0.404275 35.24 0.191 0.066 16.0 3.83 1.75 0.484300 38.45 0.232 0.078 19.0 4.56 2.07 0.573325 41.65 0.270 0.090 22.3 5.32 2.42 0.673350 44.87 0.313 0.104 25.8 6.17 2.80 0.776375 48.06 0.356 0.119 29.6 7.05 3.20 0.887400 51.26 0.402 0.134 33.6 8.02 3.64 1.00425 54.47 0.452 0.151 37.9 9.01 4.09 1.13450 57.67 0.507 0.168 10.2 4.59 1.26475 60.88 0.562 0.187 11.3 5.09 1.40500 64.08 0.623 0.206 12.5 5.61 1.55550 70.49 0.749 0.248 15.1 6.79 1.87600 76.90 0.887 0.293 18.0 8.04 2.21650 83.30 1.04 0.342 21.1 9.43 2.60700 89.71 1.19 0.395 24.3 10.9 3.00750 96.12 1.36 0.451 27.9 12.6 3.44800 102.5 1.55 0.513 31.8 14.2 3.90840 108.9 1.74 0.576 35.9 16.0 4.40900 115.3 1.95 0.642 40.2 18.0 4.91950 121.8 2.18 0.715 20.0 5.471000 128.2 2.40 0.788 22.1 6.061100 141.0 2.89 0.948 26.7 7.291200 153.8 3.44 1.13 31.8 8.631300 166.6 4.01 1.32 37.3 10.11400 179.4 4.65 1.52 11.81500 192.2 5.31 1.74 13.51600 205.1 6.04 1.97 15.31800 203.7 7.65 2.50 19.32000 256.3 9.44 3.06 23.9
29
Air Pressure Drop In Pipe
28
Air Pressure Drop In Pipe
For lengths of pipe other than 100 feet, the pressure drop is proportional to thelength. Thus, for 50 feet of pipe, the air pressure drop is approximately one-halfthe value given in the table. The pressure drop is also inversely proportional to theabsolute pressure and directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
To determine the pressure drop for inlet or average air pressures other than100 psi and at temperatures other than 60°F, multiply the values given in the tableby the formula:
( 100 + 14.7 ) ( 460 + t )P + 14.7 520
“P” is the inlet or average gauge pressure in pounds per square inch.
“t” is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
The flow of compressed air in cubic feet per minute at any pressure is inverselyproportional to the absolute pressure and directly proportional to the absolutetemperature.
To determine the cubic feet per minute of compressed air at any temperature andpressure other than standard conditions, multiply the value of cubic feet per minuteof free air by the fomula:
( 14.7 ) ( 460 + t )14.7 + P 520
Calculations For Pipe Other Than Schedule 40
To determine the velocity of water, or the pressure drop of water or air, throughpipe other than Schedule 40 use the following formulas:
va = v40 ( d40 )2\] Pa = P40 ( d40 )5
da da
“a” refers to velocity or pressure drop through the desired Schedule pipe.
“40” refers to the velocity or pressure drop through Schedule 40 pipe as givenin the table on the facing page.
P P
31
Combustion Constants of Hydrocarbon Gases
Heat
of C
ombu
stio
nPo
und
Per P
ound
of C
ombu
stib
le G
as
BTU
per P
ound
Requ
ired
for C
ombu
stio
nPr
oduc
ts o
f Com
bust
ion
Nam
e of
Gas
Sym
bol
Mol
Wei
ght
Gros
sNe
tO 2
+N 2
=Ai
rCO
2H 2
PN 2
Carb
on (S
olid)
C12
.011
14,0
9314
,093
2.66
48.
863
11.5
273.
664
—8.
863
Hydr
ogen
H 22.
016
61,1
0051
,623
7.93
726
.407
34.3
44—
8.93
726
.407
Carb
on M
onox
ideCO
28.0
1043
4743
470.
571
1.90
02.
471
1.57
1—
1.90
0
Met
hane
CH4
16.0
4323
,879
21,5
203.
990
12.2
5717
.265
2.74
42.
246
13.2
75
Etha
neC 2
H 630
.070
22,3
2020
,432
3.72
512
.394
16.11
92.
927
1.79
812
.394
Prop
ane
C 3H 8
44.0
9721
,661
19,9
943.
629
12.0
7415
.703
2.99
41.
634
12.0
74
Ethy
lene
C 2H 4
28.0
5421
,644
20,2
953.
422
11.3
8514
.807
3.13
81.
285
11.3
85
Prop
ylene
C 3H 6
42.0
8121
,041
19,6
913.
422
11.3
8514
.807
3.13
81.
285
11.3
85
Acet
ylene
C 2H 2
26.0
3821
,500
20,7
763.
073
10.2
2413
.297
3.38
10.
692
10.2
24
30
Pipe Capacities Flow
PIPE
CAP
ACIT
IES
FLOW
— G
ALLO
NS P
ER M
INUT
EW
ater
70SS
U10
0SSU
150S
SU20
0SSU
300S
SU50
0SSU
Pipe
Size
Inch
esGr
avity
Pres
sure
Grav
ityPr
essu
reGr
avity
Pres
sure
Grav
ityPr
essu
reGr
avity
Pres
sure
Grav
ityPr
essu
reGr
avity
Pres
sure
3 /41.
424.
700.
584.
210.
394.
010.
253.
790.
183.
640.
123.
450.
068
3.21
12.
659.
201.
.04
8.27
0.69
27.
850.
432
7.43
0.32
47.
140.
216
6.75
0.13
05.
6611
/45.
3018
.93.
2416
.92.
0216
.11.
3015
.30.
943
14.7
0.63
413
.90.
389
12.9
11/2
8.10
28.4
5.90
25.5
3.74
24.2
2.38
22.9
1.73
20.9
1.17
19.8
0.70
619
.42
15.6
054
.711
.95
49.0
10.2
246
.76.
5544
.24.
8642
.43.
2440
.11.
9437
.421
/225
.10
87.4
23.0
478
.319
.50
77.0
13.3
270
.59.
6567
.86.
5564
.23.
9259
.83
44.5
015
433
.213
829
.513
127
.112
423
.211
915
.711
39.
2210
5.0
491
.00
317
80.5
284
7727
072
256
69.8
246
5423
332
.321
7.0
516
4.0
573
139
514
131
489
123
463
116
445
99.1
421
7139
26
267
930
212
834
202
794
187
751
176
722
159
683
143
570
855
019
1046
91,
710
436
1,63
040
11,
540
379
1,48
035
01,
400
312
1,31
010
1,01
03,
480
940
3,12
088
52,
970
825
2,81
078
62,
700
735
2,55
067
02,
380
121,
610
5,59
01,
398
5,01
01,
305
4,77
01,
220
4,51
91,
106
4,34
01,
085
4,10
099
53,
820
142,
160
7,25
01,
880
6,50
01,
780
6,19
01,
650
5,85
01,
580
5,62
01,
470
5,32
013
504,
960
163,
020
10,4
902,
610
9,41
02,
470
8,76
02,
300
8,48
02,
180
8,15
02,
020
7,70
018
407,
180
184,
100
14,5
003,
580
13,2
003,
350
12,4
003,
100
13,2
002,
920
12,6
002,
720
11,0
0025
0010
,100
205,
500
19,1
804,
850
17,2
004,
600
16,4
004,
300
15,5
004,
100
14,9
003,
860
14,1
0035
8013
,100
1.Th
e flo
ws a
re b
ased
on
a los
s of
hea
d du
e to
frict
ion o
f flui
ds in
give
n pip
e siz
e fo
r fair
ly sm
ooth
pipe
and
is c
onsid
ered
reas
onab
ly co
nser
vativ
e. (C
= 1
00)
2.Fo
r pitc
hed
grav
ity p
iping
, the
loss
is o
ne (1
) foo
t per
hun
dred
feet
of p
ipe.
3.Th
e pr
essu
re p
iping
loss
es a
re b
ased
on
a los
s of
ten
(10)
feet
per
hun
dred
feet
of p
ipe. F
or s
hort
runs
and
few
fitting
s, us
e ne
xt siz
e sm
aller
pipe
; fo
r lon
g ru
ns o
r man
y fitt
ings,
use
a siz
e lar
ger.
4.Th
is ch
art i
s de
signe
d fo
r rap
id siz
ing o
f pipe
for c
entra
l coo
lant s
yste
ms
only.
For
larg
e co
mple
x pip
ing re
fer t
o Ca
mer
on H
ydra
ulic
Data
Boo
k.5.
SSU
= St
anda
rd S
abolt
Unit
(visc
osity
).
The leader in cryogenic bulk tankage forover 40 years, Chart now offers the newVS Series Bulk Tanks that can be used inliquid nitrogen, oxygen or argon service.Other tanks are available for liquid CO2and N2O applications. As a global leader,Chart offers equipment designed forASME, AD Merkblatter and otherinternational codes. Both 175 and 250psig tanks (12 and 17 bar) are availableas standards, with other pressuresavailable upon request.
Advanced Insulation TechnologyProvides Longer Holding TimesChart’s continuing development ofinsulation systems has resulted inunsurpassed performance. Ourcomposite insulation is a lightweightsystem offering superior performancecompared to Perlite or Super-Insulation,and is easier to maintain offering longerproduct holding times.
Modular Piping SystemNothing comes close to our new heavy-duty modular piping system forperformance and low maintenance. The features and benefits include:
• All-welded, stainless-steel piping modules
• Heavy duty bronze valves with extended bonnets
• Valve bonnet uniformity to reduce spare parts inventory
• Highest grade components for low to zero maintenance
• Combination pressure building and economizer regulator for easy pressureadjustment
• Standard level pressure gauge is the telemetry-ready Tank-Tel® electronicgauge
• Optional level gauges include ITT Barton Model 288A with alarm contacts orTank-Tel gauge with DataQuest Telemetry
3332
VS Series
Gro
ss
Nom
inal
W
orki
ngW
eigh
t***
Capa
city
Capa
city
Pres
sure
*Di
amet
er
Heig
ht
(lbs)
NER*
* G
alG
alps
igin
in(1
75 p
si)(2
50 p
si)(%
/ da
y)
VS 5
25NS
540
491
–25
066
102
–3,
800
.55
VS 9
00NS
929
845
–25
066
134
–5,
100
.45
VS 1
500N
S1,
585
1,50
9–
250
6618
8–
7,00
0.3
3
VS 3
000N
C3,
158
3,03
717
525
086
228
12,6
0013
,500
.25
VS 6
000N
C6,
075
5,84
117
525
086
382
22,2
0024
,500
.15
VS 9
000N
C9,
447
9,08
417
525
011
434
733
,000
36,8
00.1
0
VS 11
000N
C11
,480
11,1
4517
525
011
440
639
,500
44,1
00.1
0
VS 1
3000
NC13
,513
13,11
917
525
011
446
546
,700
52,1
00.1
0
VS 1
5000
NC15
,545
15,0
9317
525
011
452
553
,700
59,9
00.1
0
Mo
del
* 4
00 a
nd 5
00 p
sig ta
nks
are
avai
labl
e up
on re
ques
t.**
(NER
) = N
omin
al E
vapo
ratio
n Ra
te**
* Wei
ghts
are
for A
SME
desig
ns
VS Series Specifications
The Global Measure ofCryogenic Bulk Storage
With a continuing commitment to cryogenicsystems, Chart has produced the Siphon 100System to give you the most economical, reliableand highest performing pumping system for highpressure and liquid cylinder filling. Current cryogenictank and pumping systems have worked for years,but increased efficiencies are now available usingthe Siphon 100 with:
• Faster pump priming of 3 minutes or less
• Simpler and more reliable pump start-up forautomatic pump operation
• Utilization of all tank’s product liquid by allowingtank to be pumped virtually empty
• Priming at 10 psi or less without the necessity forpressure building
• Reduced product losses
• Longer life of high-wear pump parts
• Can operate two pumps at once
• Adapters available to match most pumps
Chart’s Siphon 100 system is the combination of two revolutionary technologiesin cryogenic bulk tanks.
• Thermal-Siphoning — improved and patented, the system reduces andefficiently reprocesses the heat of pumping.
• Composite Insulation — 30% to 70% more efficient than Super-Insulationor Perlite in reducing the heat from the atmosphere.
35
Siphon 100 Specifications
34
Siphon 100
Pumping 100% of the Liquid 100% of the Time
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NSM
odel
2,00
03,
000
6,00
09,
000
11,0
0013
,000
15,0
00
Capa
city
Liqu
id (G
ross
) ga
llons
2,41
63,
158
6,07
5 9,
447
11,4
8013
,513
15,5
45
Liqu
id (N
et)
gallo
ns2,
301
3,03
7 5,
841
9,08
4 11
,145
13,11
915
,093
Gas
(O2)
1000
x s
cf
265
349
672
1,04
5 1,
282
1,50
91,
737
Gas
(Ar)
1000
x s
cf
259
341
657
1,02
2 1,
253
1,47
51,
697
Gas
(N2)
1000
x s
cf
214
282
543
845
1,03
71,
221
1,40
5
Perfo
rman
ce
NER
(O2)
% p
er d
ay.2
5%.2
5%.1
5%.1
0%.1
0%.1
0%.1
0%
Dim
ensi
ons
& Pr
essu
re R
atin
gs
Diam
eter
inch
es86
86
86
11
4 11
411
411
4
Heig
ht
inch
es22
827
1 42
3 39
845
751
657
5
Wor
king
Pres
sure
ps
ig17
517
517
517
517
517
517
5
Empt
y W
eigh
t lb
s x
1000
12.0
14.4
23.7
34.9
41.4
49.7
57.0
36
VS-CO2 Bulk Storage
Our VS-CO2 Series of Bulk CarbonDioxide Storage Tanks continues thepioneering of user-friendly engineeredproducts that we are accustomed todesigning. This design series offers thestrength and durability of an all-weldedouter container, while maintaining lowerlife-cycle costs. Utilizing our compositeinsulation system along with superiorvacuum technology, we are able to offer:
• An ultra-low heat leak, eliminating theneed for a costly refrigeration systemin most applications.
• No costly down time to refurbishwater-soaked or deteriorated foaminsulation.
Every VS-CO2 pressure vessel ismanufactured, tested and stamped inaccordance with the latest edition of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,Section VIII, Division I, using SA612normalized steel. Our VS-CO2 BulkStations are equipped with an internalcleaning system operated externally,eliminating the need for costly manways.
Simplified Plumbing Layout
• Stainless steel piping for greater strength and durability• Stainless steel ball valves standard on all fill & process lines• Minimal number of piping joints, reducing potential piping leaks and
maintenance costs• CGA fill and return fittings with drain valves standard on all models• Optimum piping design results in flexible equipment connection• Dual regulator pressure-bleed system standard, eliminating any safety
concerns• 6-Ton and 14-Ton Bulk Stations equipped with two liquid and two
vapor connections• 30-Ton and 50-Ton Bulk Stations equipped with three liquid and
two vapor connections• 6-Ton equipped with capped refrigerant lines and internal coil
(available as option on all other models)
37
VS-CO2 Bulk Storage Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NS
Mod
el6
Ton
14 To
n30
Ton
50 To
n
Capa
city Ne
tTo
ns C
O 26.
412
.629
.645
.8Gr
oss
Tons
CO 2
6.8
13.2
31.1
48.1
Max
imum
Allo
wabl
e W
orki
ng P
ress
ure
(psig
)35
035
035
035
0
Dim
ensi
ons
Heigh
t(in
)18
822
828
740
6Di
amet
er(in
)68
8611
411
4W
eight
*(lb
s)9,
400
17,4
0039
,600
56,9
00
* Ta
re W
eight
39
VS-DSS SERIES
Chart’s VS-DSS Series of vertical bulkstorage stations are engineered forsuperior performance, durability andvalue. Equipped with Super Insulation,a light-weight system offering betterthermal performance than Perlite, VS-DSS Models provide reduced productlosses and a slower rate of pressurerise during periods of non-use, whilebacking up this performance with acompetitive 2-year warranty.
The modular piping system on ourcryogenic tanks was pioneered byChart, with user-friendly bronze valvemanifolds and separate economizerand pressure building regulatorscoming standard. This means fewerplumbing joints and lower maintenancecosts for you.
Now available in the 525, 900, 1500,3000 and 6000 gallon models, thesenew DSS Models feature industry-standard thermal performance. Themodular plumbing system has beenselectively optimized to meet the flowrequirements of a complete range ofliquid or gas applications. Whileincluding a comprehensive set ofplumbing features, each circuit hasbeen carefully designed to match the demands placed on these vessel sizes.To improve your flexibility at time of purchase, dual safety-relief devices arenow standard, along with tank mounted vaporizers on the 900 and 1500 gallonsizes. These DSS Models also can be configured to meet your particular needs,which results in a complete design that makes the DSS Series the ideal choicefor your small bulk applications.
VS-DSS Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NS
Mod
elVS
-DSS
525
VS-D
SS 9
00VS
-DSS
150
0VS
-DSS
300
0VS
-600
0-DS
SCa
paci
tyG
ross
(gal
)54
092
91,
585
3,15
86,
075
Nom
inal
(gal
)49
184
51,
509
3,03
75,
841
MAW
P(p
sig)
250
250
250
250
250
Dim
ensi
ons
Diam
eter
(in)
6666
6686
86He
ight
(in)
102
134
188
228
382
Wei
ght*
(lbs)
4,00
05,
100
6,90
013
,500
24,5
00NE
R(%
/day
in O
2).5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5Fl
ow C
apab
ility
(SCF
H)9,
000
9,00
09,
000
18,0
0018
,000
* W
eight
s ar
e fo
r ASM
E de
signs
NER
= No
mina
l Eva
pora
tion
Rate
Flow
cap
abilit
y ra
ting
down
to 1
5% c
onte
nts
level
with
a m
axim
um fa
ll off
in ta
nk o
pera
ting
pres
sure
of 1
5 ps
i.
38
40 41
Headline To Go Here.VS High Pressure Bulk Stations
The High Pressure Bulk Tank Line isused in liquid nitrogen, oxygen orargon service and utilizes many of thestandard VS Series Tank features andfunctions. These HP Tanks areengineered for superior performance,durability and value, with the standard400 psig (27.6 bar) storage tankdesigned to ASME code and availablein 900 - 15,000 gallon models. All ofthe tanks come with mountedpressure-building coils, and other sizesare available upon request.
The standard 500 psig (34.5 bar)storage tank is also designed to ASMEcode and is available in 900 - 6000gallon models, all coming withmounted pressure-building coils. Othersizes of 500 psig (34.5 bar) tanks areavailable upon request.
Remote pressure-building coil optionsfor both 400 and 500 psig (27.6 and34.5 bar) with withdrawal rates of60,000 and 1000,000 scfh (1,699 and2,832 Nm3/hr) are available uponrequest. Advanced insulationtechnology provides longer holdingtimes, and the continuing developmentof insulation systems has resulted in unsurpassed performance. Our compositeinsulation is a lightweight system offering superior performance compared toPerlite or Super-Insulation and is easier to maintain, offering longer producthold times.
VS High Pressure Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NS
Mod
elVS
900
NSVS
150
0NS
VS 3
000N
CVS
600
0NC
VS 9
000N
CVS
1100
0NC
VS 1
3000
NCVS
150
00NC
Gros
s Ca
paci
ty(g
al)
929
1,58
53,
158
6,07
59,
447
11,4
8013
,513
15,5
45No
min
al C
apac
ity(g
al)
845
1,50
93,
037
5,84
19,
084
11,1
4513
,119
15,0
93W
orki
ng P
ress
ure*
(psig
)40
0/50
040
0/50
040
0/50
040
0/50
040
040
040
040
0Di
amet
er(in
)66
6686
8611
411
411
411
4He
ight
(in)
134
188
228
382
347
406
465
525
Wei
ght**
(lbs)
6,00
0/6,
700
8,40
0/9,
500
6,40
0/3,
800
29,7
00/3
3,00
044
,800
53,7
0062
,700
72,2
00Fl
ow C
apab
ility
*(S
CFH)
5,20
0/3,
100
5,90
0/3,
600
6,40
0/3,
800
7,90
0/4,
700
7,50
08,
100
8,60
014
,400
NER
(% /d
ay in
O2)
.45
.33
.25
.15
.10
.10
.10
.10
* High
er c
apac
ity c
oil a
vaila
ble, r
efer
to fa
ctory
** W
eight
s ar
e fo
r ASM
E de
signs
NER
= No
mina
l Eva
pora
tion
Rate
Features and benefits include:
• All welded stainless steel piping modules
• Heavy duty bronze valves with extended bonnets
• Valve bonnet uniformity to reduce spare parts inventory
• Highest grade components for low to zero maintenance
• Combination pressure building and economizer regulators are standard on all 400 psig (27.6 bar) units
• Separate pressure building and economizer regulators are standard on all 500 psig (34.5 bar) units
A durable, user-friendly performerChart’s Dura-Cyl® liquid cylinders provide thelongest holding time, lowest evaporation rate,highest gas withdrawal rate and best life cyclecost.• Ideal for liquid nitrogen, oxygen, argon, CO2
or nitrous oxide
• Different sizes and pressures to better meetyour needs
• Stainless steel construction, inside and out
• Patented durable inner vessel support system
• Heavy-duty footring and large diameter handling ring
• Combination Pressure Control Regulator
43
Dura-Cyl Specifications
42
Dura-Cyl®
The Dura-Cyl liquid cylinder’s LCCM integrallymounted pressure control manifold eliminatesall plumbing fittings and permits field adjustableoperating pressure with a calibrated knob.
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NSM
odel
Size
/Pre
ssur
e16
0MP
160H
P18
0MP
180H
P20
0MP
200H
P23
0MP
230H
P26
5MP
265H
PCa
paci
tyLiq
uid (G
ross
) lite
rs17
617
619
619
620
920
924
024
027
627
6Liq
uid (N
et)
liters
165
165
185
185
196
196
230
230
265
265
Gas
(N)
ft33,
685
3,46
4 4,
099
3,86
4 4,
375
4,07
2 5,
024
4,73
4 5,
769
5,43
8 G
as (O
2)ft3
4,57
7 4,
348
5,09
6 4,
843
5,43
5 5,
048
6,24
4 5,
930
7,18
6 6,
811
Gas
(Ar)
ft34,
448
4,22
6 4,
961
4,70
9 5,
290
4,93
2 6,
073
5,76
3 6,
982
6,63
4 G
as (C
O2)
ft3–
3,38
2 –
3,76
6 –
4011
–
4614
–
5,30
5 G
as (N
2O)
ft3–
3,20
7 –
3,57
4 –
3810
–
4378
–
5,03
4
Perfo
rman
ceNE
R (N
) %
per
day
2%2%
1.9%
1.9%
1.85
%1.
85%
1.8%
1.8%
2.0%
2.0%
NER
(CO
2- N
2O)
% p
er d
ay–
0.5%
–0.
5%–
0.5%
–0.
5%–
0.5%
Gas
Flow
(N2,
O2,
Ar)
ft3 /hr
350
350
350
350
400
400
400
400
400
400
Gas
Flow
(CO
2or
N2O
) ft3 /h
r –
110
–11
0 –
110
–11
0 –
110
Dim
ensi
ons
& Pr
essu
re R
atin
gsDi
amet
erin
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
26
26
26
Heigh
t in
59.6
59
.6
63.5
63
.5
65.8
65
.8
52.9
52
.9
57.8
57
.8Em
pty
Weig
ht
lb25
0 28
0 26
0 30
0 28
0 32
0 30
0 34
0 34
0 36
0 Re
lief V
alve
Settin
g ps
ig23
0 35
0 23
0 35
0 23
0 35
0 23
0 35
0 23
0 35
0 DO
T/CT
C Ra
ting
4L20
04L
292
4L20
04L
292
4L20
04L
292
4L20
04L
292
4L20
04L
292
The Dura-Cyl liquid cylinder’s MCR uses acombination pressure building and economizerregulator. The calibrated adjusting screw givesa quick and accurate way to adjust thecontainer’s operating pressure. A retrofit kit ofthe regulator is also available.
45
Cryo-Cyl LP Specifications
44
Cryo-Cyl® LP
A stable, efficient performer
Chart’s Cryo-Cyl® LP liquid cylinderproduct line is designed specifically for lowpressure liquid applications.
• Ideal for laboratories and hospitals whereliquid nitrogen is used
• Rugged, oversized canisters offer lowcenter of gravity making them safer andeasier to handle
• Attractive polished stainless steel outer jacket
• Optional pressure building regulator kitturns any Cryo-Cyl LP liquid cylinder into apressure building unit
• Pressure building circuit on the inside ofeach cylinder
• Extended stem liquid valve
• Super Insulation provides lowest NER
• Optional stainless steel casters make theCryo-Cyl LP liquid cylinder a non-magneticcylinder ideal for MRI service
On the new Cryo-Cyl LP liquidcylinder, the liquid valve is anextended stem globe valvewhich allows for less ice build-up on the handle and easieroperation.
The optional pressure buildingkit includes a regulator andplumbing components.
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NSM
odel
Size
80*
120*
180
230R
B*23
0SB*
*Ca
paci
tyLiq
uid (G
ross
)
(lit
ers)
8512
019
624
024
0Liq
uid (N
et)
(lit
ers)
8011
018
523
023
0Pe
rform
ance
NER
(N)
(% p
er d
ay)
3.0%
2.0%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
NER
(O2
or A
r) (%
per
day
)2.
0%1.
4%1.
0%1.
0%1.
0%Di
men
sion
s &
Pres
sure
Rat
ings
Diam
eter
(inch
es)
2020
2026
26He
ight
(inch
es)
39.5
5163
.554
.854
.8Em
pty
Weig
ht
(lbs)
165
165
210
275
311
Relie
f Valv
e Se
tting
(psig
)35
022
2222
22DO
T/CT
C Ra
ting
4L29
24L
100
4L10
04L
100
4L10
0
*Rou
nd c
aste
r bas
e**
Squa
re c
aste
r bas
e
The Mega-Cyl® Liquid Cylinder introduces Chart’s line of palletized cylinders,designed for easy transport, with a capacity of up to 1000 liters. Engineeredwith the volume user in mind, it’s ideal for construction sites, remote purgingoperations and back-up systems. The Mega-Cyl liquid cylinder is available inall pressures for a variety of services up to 350 psig (24.1 bar) and isspecifically designed to optimize distribution costs.
Examine the rugged, maneuverable Mega-Cyl liquid cylinder and you’ll find allthe quality features you expect from the industry leader, Chart Industries.
Quality Features include:
• Tough, durable stainless-steel construction
• High performance Super Insulation
• Easily accessible valves and gauges
• Spray header for pump filling
47
Mega-Cyl Specifications
46
Mega-Cyl®
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NSM
odel Si
ze/P
ress
ure
450M
P45
0HP
800H
P10
00HP
Capa
city
Liqu
id (G
ross
)
(li
ters
)45
045
088
01,
056
Liqu
id (N
et)
(li
ters
)42
842
880
095
0G
as (N
)(ft
3 )9,
589
8,87
519
,672
23,3
63G
as (O
2)(ft
3 )11
,474
11,1
1124
,320
28,8
43G
as (A
r)(ft
3 )11
,003
10,8
1223
,767
28,2
34G
as (C
O2)
(ft3 )
–8,
652
16,2
55
18,5
80Pe
rform
ance
NER
(O2)
(%
per
day
)1.
4%1.
4%1.
2%
..9
%G
as F
low
(N, O
2, Ar
) (ft
3/ h
r) 57
557
588
096
0G
as F
low
(CO
2or
N2O
) (ft
3/ h
r) –
195
280
300
Dim
ensi
ons
& Pr
essu
re R
atin
gsDi
amet
er (c
ylind
er)
(in)
3030
4242
Heig
ht (c
ylind
er)
(in)
6262
6776
Base
Wid
th (f
ram
e)(in
)34
3445
45Ba
se D
epth
(fra
me)
(in)
3434
4545
Heig
ht (f
ram
e)(in
)74
7480
80Ta
re W
eigh
t (cy
l + fr
ame)
(lbs)
1,25
01,
275
2,50
02,
650
Relie
f Val
ve S
ettin
g (p
sig/b
ar)
250
350
350
350
DOT/
CTC
Ratin
g4L
212
4L29
2AS
ME
ASM
E
* C
usto
miz
ed p
alle
ts a
re a
vaila
ble
upon
requ
est.
** A
tmos
pher
ic g
as b
ased
on
net v
olum
e at
0 p
sig,
CO
2va
lues
and
450
lite
r uni
ts b
ased
on
DO
T4L
fill d
ensi
ty.
***
Wei
ghts
are
app
roxi
mat
e an
d va
ry w
ith p
alle
t des
ign.
****
Oth
er s
izes
are
ava
ilabl
e up
on re
ques
t
Maximum Versatility
49
Laser-Cyl Specifications
48
Laser-Cyl
Designed specifically for laser applications, the Laser-Cyl’s liquid cylinder’sautomatic pressure builder and economizer systems deliver optimal pressureup to 500 psig (34.5 bar). The top-mounted valve cluster puts total control atyour fingertips. The built-in vaporizer coil supplies gas at continuous flow ratesup to 575 SCFH (15.1 Nm3).
The Laser-Cyl liquid cylinder is a high performance option to expensivemanifolded high-pressure cylinder banks. The Laser-Cyl 450 product uses adifferential pressure liquid level gauge that accurately shows the amount ofproduct in the container. All operational valves are easy to reach, located onthe top of the tank.
Quality Features:
• Automatic pressure builder and economizer systems maintain optimaloperating pressure
• Built-in vaporizer coils supply constant pressure gas at continuous flowrates up to 575 SCFH (15.1 Nm3)
• Piping controls located on top of the vessel for easy operation andmaintenance
Maximum Efficiency withHigh Capacity Performance SPECIFICATIONS
Model Size / Pressure 200VHP 450VHP
Capacity
Liquid (Gross) (liters) 204 450
Liquid (Net) (liters) 200 428
Gas (N) (ft3) 3,588 7,922
Gas (O2) (ft3) 4,770 10,519
Gas (Ar) (ft3) 4,642 10,241
Gas (CO2) (ft3) 3,609 7,960
Gas (N20) (ft3) 3,408 7,516
Performance
NER (N) (% per day) 1.8% 1.8%
NER (O2 or Ar) (% per day) 1.12% 1.12%
NER (CO2 or N2O) (% per day) 0.5% 0.5%
Gas Flow (N, O2, Ar) (ft3/hr) 350 575
Gas Flow (CO2 or N2O) (ft3/hr) 110 180
Dimensions & Pressure Ratings
Diameter (Cylinder) (in) 20 30
Height (Cylinder) (in) 65.8 61.3
Base Width (Frame) (in) – 34
Base Depth (Frame) (in) – 34
Base Height (Frame) (in) – 73.8
Tare Weight (lbs) 375 1,265*
Relief Valve Setting (psig) 500 500
DOT/CTC Rating 4L412 4L412
* Weights are approximate and vary with pallet design
Chart’s Ultra HeliumDewars are built forreliable transport. Theyare light, maneuverableand durable, whileproviding superiorthermal performance.The base design andoutboard casters providemaximum stability.
50
Ultra Helium Dewar
The controls are conveniently located on the top of the dewar, with nesting fillcouplings to accept various standard transfer lines. The optional electricpressure builder can increase pressure quickly for liquid transfer, and has twopre-set ranges (4 & 8 psi) for efficient liquid helium withdrawal:• Maximum durability and light weight
• Outstanding thermal performance
• Large ball valves for up to 3/4" transfer lines
Durability andHigh Performance
Available in sizes ranging from 60 to 1,000 liters, the Ultra Helium Dewars aresuitable for air transport with an optional absolute pressure relief valve. Theneck tube has a unique, proven support system that allows these dewars tosurvive constant transportation. All models are nonmagnetic for MRI service.
51
Ultra Helium Dewar Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NSM
odel
Size
6010
025
0*50
010
00Ca
paci
tyLiq
uid (G
ross
)
(lit
ers)
6611
027
555
01,
050
Liquid
(Net
)
(liter
s)60
100
250
500
1,00
0
Perfo
rman
ceNE
R (%
per
day
)1.
75%
1.25
%1.
0%1.
0%1.
0%M
AWP
(psig
)10
10
10
10
10
Dim
ensi
ons
& Pr
essu
re R
atin
gsDi
amet
er
(in)
2424
3242
52He
ight
(in)
50.1
5967
.470
.677
.4Di
p Tu
be L
engt
h (in
)35
43.8
54
.456
.467
.5Ta
re W
eight
(lbs)
184
212
348
480
1,05
0M
ain R
elief
Valv
e Se
tting
(psig
)10
1010
1010
Seco
ndar
y Re
lief V
alve
(psig
)12
12
12
1212
*PB
optio
nal,
Lock
ing c
aste
rs o
ption
al
System Requirements• 15 amp, 110 VAC power, dedicated circuit
• Bulk storage tank with 50 psig minimum pressure
• External vaporizer, minimum 550 psig working pressure, sized for maximum flow rate
• Two piping connections to bulk storage tank (liquid withdrawal, low phase instrument line)
• High flow pressure regulation
53
Trifecta Specifications
52
Trifecta®
Trifecta® is the preferred solution for reliable and continuous laser assist gasesfor pressures up to 450 psi and flow rates up to 15,000 scfh. Drawing liquidfrom a standard bulk tank, the Trifecta system boosts the liquid pressure byalternately feeding two liquid cylinders equipped with innovative multi-functionpressure building vaporizers.
Product Highlights:
• On-site system utilizes standard low-pressure bulk tank to lower investmentand use existing assets.
• No downtime - system maintains pressure and flow when bulk tank is filledand eliminates excessive product losses associated with high pressure bulktanks.
• Robust design features streamlined - all stainless steel piping with only fivecontrol valves and one integrated electronic control system (PLC) forincreased durability and reliability with lower maintenance.
• Tank-Tel and Cyl-Tel monitor systems for user-friendly pressure and levelmeasurement and control.
Laser Assist Gas Supply System
DIMENSIONS
Height 96" 2,440 mmLength 47" 1,195 mmWidth 55" 1,400 mmWeight 5K 1,700 lbs. 770 kgWeight 10K 1,750 lbs. 795 kgWeight 15K 1,800 lbs. 815 kg
The Perma-Cyl® liquid cylinder is an innovative design, evolving from proventechnology Chart has been using for years on our liquid cylinders. What makesthe Perma-Cyl design revolutionary is:
• Fast Fill Capability• Lo-Loss Fill With Automatic Fill Termination• Extended Hold Time• Telemetry Compatibility
5554
Perma-Cyl® Perma-Cyl Specifications
When filled by an Orca MicroBulk Delivery System, the Perma-Cyl vessel isdesigned to have an actual fill-time of three minutes or less with little or noloss under normal conditions. The vessel will allow liquid to be held for longperiods without venting, limiting product losses during periods of nonuse.
Features• Very low NER/product loss
• Designed for very fast, automatic fills utilizing the Orca delivery system
• The Perma-Cyl 230 is available in a transportable DOT-4L version or themore thermally efficient ASME version
• Unique auto shut-off feature allows remote filling with optional wall box and hose
• Heavy gauge, stainless steel outer shell
• Differential-pressure liquid-level gauge standard, optional Cyl-Tel gauge available
DE
SC
RIP
TIO
N23
0LC
230L
C23
0LC
230L
C26
5L30
0L45
0L45
0L45
0L45
0L70
0L10
00L
1000
L15
00L
1500
L20
00L
MP
,LC
CM
MP
,LC
CM
HP
,LC
CM
HP
,LC
CM
MP
MP
HP
MP
HP
VH
PH
PH
PV
HP
HP
VH
PV
HP
Sq
Bas
eR
nd B
ase
Sq
Bas
eR
nd B
ase
Sq
Bas
eP
late
Pla
teP
late
Pla
teP
late
Pla
teP
late
Pla
teP
alle
tP
alle
tP
alle
tw
/cas
ters
w/c
aste
rsw
/cas
ters
w/c
aste
rsw
/cas
ters
Bas
eB
ase
Bas
eB
ase
Bas
eB
ase
Bas
eB
ase
Bas
eB
ase
Bas
eC
AP
AC
ITY
(L
iter
s)G
ross
240
240
240
240
276
330
450
450
450
450
688
1,05
61,
056
1,55
01,
550
2,04
2N
et23
023
023
023
026
530
042
042
042
042
064
595
095
01,
455
1,45
51,
945
MA
WP
psig
235
235
350
350
235
300
350
250
350
500
350
350
500
350
500
500
bar
16.2
16.2
24.1
24.1
16.2
20.7
24.1
17.2
24.1
34.5
24.1
24.1
34.5
24.1
34.5
34.5
MA
XIM
UM
PR
E-S
ET
OP
ER
AT
ING
PR
ES
SU
RE
psig
125
125
300
300
125
250
300
125
300
450
300
300
450
300
450
450
bar
8.6
8.6
20.7
20.7
8.6
17.2
20.7
8.6
20.7
31.0
20.7
20.7
31.0
20.7
31.0
31.0
DE
SIG
N S
PE
CD
OT
DO
TD
OT
DO
TD
OT
AS
ME
DO
TA
SM
EA
SM
EA
SM
EA
SM
EA
SM
EA
SM
EA
SM
EA
SM
EA
SM
ES
TO
RA
GE
CA
PA
CIT
Y (
1)N
itro
gen
SC
F5,
024
5,02
44,
734
4,73
45,
769
7,38
08,
875
10,3
3210
,332
10,3
3215
,860
24,3
5024
,350
35,7
9035
,790
47,8
47N
m3
142
142
134
134
152
193
271
272
272
272
449
689
689
1,01
31,
013
1,25
7O
xyg
enS
CF
6,24
46,
244
5,93
05,
930
7,18
69,
100
11,1
2412
,760
12,7
6012
,760
19,6
0030
,070
30,0
7044
,220
44,2
2059
,089
Nm
317
717
716
816
818
918
431
533
633
633
655
485
085
01,
250
1,25
01,
553
Arg
on
SC
F6,
073
6,07
35,
763
5,76
36,
982
8,85
010
,812
12,4
7812
,478
12,4
7819
,160
29,4
0029
,400
43,2
2043
,220
57,7
86N
m3
172
172
163
163
183
234
306
328
328
328
542
832
832
1,22
31,
223
1,51
9C
arb
on
Dio
xid
eS
CF
N/A
N/A
4,50
04,
500
N/A
N/A
8,31
2N
/A8,
200
8,20
012
,608
19,9
6019
,960
29,3
4029
,340
38,0
48N
m3
----
118
118
----
235
--23
223
235
756
456
483
083
01,
000
TH
ER
MA
L P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
(2)
(N
ER
%/D
AY
)N
21.
8%1.
8%1.
8%1,
8%2.
0%1.
2%1.
9%1.
6%1.
6%1.
6%1%
1%1%
1%1%
1%O
2-A
r1.
12%
1.12
%1.
12%
1.12
%1.
4%0.
74%
1.2%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.62
%0.
62%
0.62
%0.
62%
0.62
%0.
62%
CO
2.6
%.6
%.6
%.6
%--
.4%
.6%
.5%
.5%
.5%
.3%
.3%
.3%
.3%
.3%
.3%
GA
S D
EL
IVE
RY
RA
TE
(L
IN/L
AR
/LO
X)
SC
F/H
400
400
400
400
400
500
575
575
575
575
660
960
960
1,35
01,
350
2,00
0(3)
Nm
3 /h
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
14.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
18.6
25.2
25.2
35.4
35.4
52.4
GA
S D
EL
IVE
RY
RA
TE
(C
O2
SC
F/H
N/A
N/A
133
133
N/A
N/A
192
192
192
192
220
320
320
450
450
667
Nm
3 /h
----
3.8
3.8
----
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
6.2
9.0
9.0
12.7
12.7
17.5
DIM
EN
SIO
NS
Dia
met
erIn
2626
2626
2626
3030
3030
4242
4248
4848
mm
660
660
660
660
660
660
762
762
762
762
1,06
71,
067
1,06
71,
219
1,21
91,
219
Hei
gh
tIn
54.8
52.9
54.8
52.9
6268
6868
6868
6081
8191
9111
7m
m1,
392
1,34
41,
392
1,34
41,
575
1,72
71,
727
1,72
71,
727
1,72
71,
524
2,05
82,
058
2,31
12,
311
2,97
0T
are
Wei
gh
tLb
s30
030
034
034
034
045
068
860
568
881
21,
065
1,75
02,
080
2,69
23,
200
3,86
0K
g13
613
615
415
415
420
431
227
431
236
848
379
494
51,
221
1,45
11,
751
All
spec
ifica
tions
are
sub
ject
to
chan
ge w
ithou
t pr
ior
notic
e1)
V
alue
s ar
e ba
sed
on n
et c
apac
ity a
t 0
psig
(0
bar)
for
AS
ME
ves
sels
. C
O2
vess
els
are
base
d on
net
cap
acity
at
300
psi (
20.7
bar
).
DO
T v
esse
ls a
re p
er c
ode.
2)
Val
ues
are
base
d on
gro
ss c
apac
ity3)
O
ptio
nal 3
,500
SC
F/H
(92
Nm
3 h)
mod
el
Features:• Fast on-site filling of Perma-Cylinders
• DOT Liquid Cylinders can be filled on site with scale
• Filling of MicroBulk tanks
• Instantaneous push-button delivery of product
• No complex valves to operate
• “Smart” flow metering system reduces required operator training
• Special delivery hose and purge connector keeps contamination andcooldown to a minimum
• Electronic control allows for fast in-and-out deliveries and invoicing
• Vessel designed for rugged road conditions
• Stainless steel plumbing with bronze valves for additional reliability
• Low-maintenance submerged pump for instant starts and continuous delivery
• Robust inner support system
Orca Specifications
5756
Orca MicroBulk Delivery System
Chart’s distribution system has been designed to complete an entire filloperation in approximately three minutes - from the moment the driver comesto a stop to the time the flow meter terminates the operation. The Orca mobileutilizes assets more fully, reducing labor costs and serving more customers.
A “smart” flowmetering systemmonitors flowelectronically.
Back viewof Orca truck
SPECIFICATIONS Orca Orca OrcaHL-2000 HL-2800 HL-3300
***DOT NET Capacity (gal) 1,905 2,559 3,020MAWP (psig) 50 50 50Length (in) 198 242 271Diameter (in) 80 80 80Height (in) 87 87 87Tare Weight* (lbs) 7,800 8,700 9,800* For MC338 tank only. For CGA 341 tank, lower operating
pressure, refer to factory for weights and dimensions.** For Argon and Nitrogen Service
Design: ASME SEC VIII, Div. I / DOT MC-338 / CGA 341
Accessories
Handling Carts
Chart provides a variety ofhandling carts, roller bases,and accessories to make thetransportation of liquidcylinders safe and easy.
Hospital Reserve Kit
Hospital oxygen applications require a backup supply of oxygen.The Chart hospital reserve kitconnects the primary supply (Chartbulk storage tank) with the back-upsupply. If the primary supply ofoxygen is interrupted, the reserve kitautomatically switches to the back-up supply and provides a local andremote warning.
Lo-Loss Filling System
The Chart lo-loss system reducesliquid cylinder filling losseswithout increasing filling times.This safe, easy and economicalfilling device can be fitted formanual or automaticoperation. It is availableas single or multiple gassystems.
58
Accessories
Chart — Your Single Source Supplier of Cryogenic EquipmentCustomer needs are the top priority with us. From handling carts to the largestcryogenic vessels, we have the accessories to create an efficient system for you.
Dual Relief Valves
With dual relief valves, onecylinder can be used for both liquid (low pressure) and gas (mediumpressure) accounts, whichmaximizes the flexibility of yourliquid cylinders.
Hose
Stainless steel transfer lines thatremain flexible during liquidtransfer can be coupled with abronze phase separator.
Muffler
When attached to the ventconnection of the liquid cylinder,the Chart muffler can reduce theventing noise during the fill.
59
61
XC & SC Series
• Caster Base
• Canister
• Spare Corks
• Level Stick
• Transfer Hose
• Phase Separator
• Square Racks(47/11-6 only)
• Plastic Boxes
• Freezing Tray(34/18 and47/11-6 only)
-192°C* Liquid Nitrogen FreezersThe XC and SC series are designed for the user who has small capacity
needs, but requires long-term storage and low liquid nitrogen consumption in aconvenient lightweight package. By integrating features that users haverequested with the widest variety of holding times and storage capacities, MVEAluminum Freezers are the units of choice.
Accessories:
* Actual temperature may be ±10°C depending on current atmospheric condition,container history and actual product being stored.
60
Accessories
M45 Manifold
The M45 Manifold is a convenient, automatic way of increasing the gas delivery rate to any application. The unique changeover value automaticallyswitches from the primary bank of cylinders to the secondary bank whenneeded. An indicator light shows when this occurs, so replacement cylinderscan be ordered.
The economizer functions of all tanks still work through the M45 Manifold. Tankpressure and delivery pressure are shown on the manifold, while other featuresinclude:
• All stainless steel cabinet canbe wall mounted or used withthe optional floor stand.
• Hoses are easily mounted tothe cabinet
• Takes up to six liquid cylinders
Vaporizers
Free standing or tank mounted, these vaporizerswhich gasify the liquid product are available instandard sizes ranging from 250 to 5000 standardcubic feet per hour and rated to 600 psig.
62
XC Series Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NS
XC M
illenn
iumM
ODEL
20XC
21/
6XC
22/
5XC
32/
8XC
33/
22XC
34/
18XC
43/
28XC
471
1-6S
QXC
47/
11-6
XC 4
7/11
-10
Max
. Sto
rage
Cap
acity
No. o
f can
ister
s6
96
96
106
6 sq
.6
10No
. of 1
/2 c
c str
aws
(10/
cane
)72
0N/
A2,
400
2,52
01,
260
2,80
01,
260
-4,
500
3,50
0No
. of 1
/2 c
c str
aws
(1 L
evel
Bulk)
1,12
23,
870
3,66
63,
960
1,76
44,
400
1,76
4-
6,21
65,
000
No. o
f 1.2
& 2
.0 m
l vial
s (5
/cane
)21
0N/
A81
085
536
095
036
0-
1,32
01,
050
No. o
f Rac
ks
(25
Vials
)75
0Pe
rform
ance
Liquid
nitr
ogen
cap
acity
(lit
ers)
20.5
2122
.432
33.4
34.8
42.2
47.4
47.4
47.4
Stat
ic ev
apor
ation
rate
(lit
ers/d
ay)*
0.09
0.25
0.35
0.35
0.14
0.24
0.14
0.39
0.39
0.39
Norm
al wo
rking
dur
ation
(d
ays)
**14
053
4057
154
9019
376
7676
Unit
Dim
ensi
ons
Neck
ope
ning
(in)
2.18
3.5
3.81
3.81
2.75
42.
755
55
Over
all h
eight
(in
) 25
.717
.222
21.5
2625
26.4
26.5
26.5
26.5
Outsi
de d
iamet
er
(in)
14.5
18.2
14.5
18.2
18.2
18.2
520
2020
20Ca
niste
r heig
ht
(in)
115
1111
1111
11-
1111
Canis
ter d
iamet
er
(in)
1.65
2.75
3.09
2.62
2.22
2.6
2.22
-4
4W
eight
em
pty
(lb
s)
2330
2630
3434
3642
4242
Weig
ht fu
ll (lb
s)
59.5
62.5
66
8794
9511
112
0.4
120.
412
0.4
63
SC Series Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NS
SC
MOD
ELSC
3/3
SC 8
/5SC
11/7
SC 1
6/11
Mille
nnium
20
SC 2
0/20
SC 3
6/32
SC 3
3/26
Max
. Sto
rage
Cap
acity
No. o
f can
ister
s6
66
96
66
6No
. of 1
/2 c
c str
aws
(10/
cane
)–
–54
0–
540
540
540
540
No. o
f 1/2
cc
straw
s (1
Lev
el Bu
lk)73
273
273
210
9878
078
078
078
0No
. of 1
.2 &
2.0
ml v
ials
(5/ca
ne)
––
150
–15
015
015
015
0Pe
rform
ance
Liquid
nitr
ogen
cap
acity
(lit
ers)
3.6
8.4
11.0
16.4
20.5
20.5
36.5
33St
atic
evap
orat
ion ra
te
(liter
s/day
)*0.
120.
150.
150.
14.0
950.
090.
100.
13No
rmal
work
ing d
urat
ion
(day
s)**
1935
4674
135
142
224
182
Unit
Dim
ensi
ons
Neck
ope
ning
(in)
22
22
2.18
22
2Ov
erall
heig
ht
(in)
1618
.521
.617
.525
.725
.727
.225
.9Ou
tside
diam
eter
(in
) 8.
710
.210
.217
.214
.514
.518
.218
.2Ca
niste
r heig
ht
(in)
55
115
1111
1111
Canis
ter d
iamet
er
(in)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Weig
ht e
mpt
y
(lbs)
8
1217
1423
2634
34W
eight
full
(lbs)
14
.427
36.6
4359
.562
.510
093
.4*
Stat
ic ev
apor
ation
rate
and
sta
tic h
olding
tim
e ar
e no
mina
l. Actu
al ra
te a
nd h
olding
tim
e wi
ll be
affe
cted
by th
e na
ture
of c
onta
iner u
se,
atm
osph
eric
cond
itions
, and
man
ufac
turin
g to
leran
ces.
**No
rmal
work
ing d
urat
ion is
an
arbit
rary
refe
renc
e to
esti
mat
e co
ntain
er p
erfo
rman
ce u
nder
nor
mal
oper
ating
con
dition
s. Ac
tual
work
ing ti
me
may
var
y du
e to
cur
rent
atm
osph
eric
cond
itions
, con
taine
r hist
ory,
man
ufac
turin
g to
leran
ces
and
any
indivi
dual
patte
rns
of u
se.
*St
atic
evap
orat
ion ra
te a
nd s
tatic
hold
ing ti
me
are
nom
inal. A
ctual
rate
and
hold
ing ti
me
will b
e af
fecte
d by
the
natu
re o
f con
taine
r use
, at
mos
pher
ic co
nditio
ns, a
nd m
anuf
actu
ring
toler
ance
s.
**No
rmal
work
ing d
urat
ion is
an
arbit
rary
refe
renc
e to
esti
mat
e co
ntain
er p
erfo
rman
ce u
nder
nor
mal
oper
ating
con
dition
s. Ac
tual
work
ing ti
me
may
var
y du
e to
cur
rent
atm
osph
eric
cond
itions
, con
taine
r hist
ory,
man
ufac
turin
g to
leran
ces
and
any
indivi
dual
patte
rns
of u
se.
64
Lab Series
Liquid Nitrogen Storage ContainerThe Lab Series of cryogenic dewars earned their name from their worldwide
acceptance in laboratories and medical offices. These high-efficiency,Super-Insulated dewars are the most convenient, economical way to store anddispense liquid nitrogen. Many lab units can be fitted with pouring spouts,pressurized dispensing devices or dippers to aid in the transfer of liquid nitrogen.
Accessories:
Cryo-Cyl Series
The Cryo-Cyl 35 and 50 units operate at 22 psig and can be used to supplyliquid through a transfer hose to your application. A convenient pressure andliquid level gauge monitor the operation of the cylinder.
• Transfer Hose
• Phase Separator
• Pouring Spout
• Swivel Dipper
• Dipper
• Spare Corks
• PressurizedDischarge Device
• Caster Base
65
Lab Series Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NSM
odel
LAB
4LA
B 5
LAB
10LA
B 20
LAB
30LA
B 50
SS T
RANS
FER
UNIT
Net C
apac
ity
(liter
s)4
510
2132
505
Perfo
rman
ceSt
atic
Evap
orat
ion R
ate
(liter
s/day
)0.
190.
150.
180.
180.
220.
49N/
A
Unit
Dim
ensi
ons
Neck
ope
ning
(in)
1.4
2.2
2.2
22.
52.
56
Usab
le he
ight
(in)
7.8
10.5
13.5
13.7
14.9
2214
Over
all h
eight
(in
)16
.818
.221
.524
.724
.130
.716
.5
Outsi
de d
iamet
er
(in)
7.3
8.8
10.3
14.5
1717
8
Inte
rnal
diam
eter
(in
)5.
56.
58.
311
.414
146
Weig
ht e
mpt
y (lb
s)6
813
1927
3411
Weig
ht fu
ll (lb
s)13
1731
5684
123
20
67
Vapor Shipper Specifications
SPEC
IFIC
ATIO
NS
MIN
I CR
YO
CRYO
CRYO
MOD
ELSC
2/1
VSC
4/2
VSC
4/3
VSC
20/
12V
XC 2
0/3V
*M
OOVE
RM
OOVE
R SH
IPPE
RSH
IPPE
R XC
Max
imum
Sto
rage
Cap
acity
No. o
f can
ister
s1
11
64
+ 1
Cent
er1
71
Rack
-No
. of 1
/2 c
c st
raws
(1
0/ca
ne)
-28
012
054
02,
500/
2,00
0*60
3080
--
No. o
f 1/2
cc
stra
ws
(1 L
evel
Bul
k)88
440
210
780
3,75
0/3,
000*
884,
354
--
No. o
f 1/4
cc
stra
ws
(1 L
evel
Bul
k)18
293
845
267
50/6
000*
7,41
0/6,
000*
-8,
904
--
No. o
f 1.2
& 2
.0 m
l via
ls(5
/can
e)-
9540
150
675/
560*
2094
5-
-No
. of 1
.2 &
2.0
ml v
ials
(6/c
ane)
910
648
180
840/
672*
241,
134
500
966
(Bul
k)No
. of b
lood
bag
sto
red
(4R9
953)
--
--
--
-10
10Pe
rform
ance
Liqu
id n
itrog
en c
apac
ity(li
ters
)1.
53.
64.
312
.36.
82.
94.
28.
510
Stat
ic ev
apor
atio
n ra
te
(lite
rs/d
ay)
0.19
0.26
0.20
0.09
0.3
0.20
0.35
0.85
0.70
Stat
ic ho
ldin
g tim
e (d
ays)
814
2185
2314
1210
14Un
it Di
men
sion
sNe
ck o
peni
ng
(in)
1.4
2.75
22
3.81
1.4
3.8
8.5
8.5
Ove
rall h
eigh
t (in
)13
.518
.419
.425
.725
19.5
2221
.523
Out
side
diam
eter
(in
)7.
258.
78.
714
.514
.57.
218
.314
.515
Cani
ster
hei
ght
(in)
5 11
1111
1111
11-
12.5
Cani
ster
dia
met
er
(in)
1.2
2.62
1.81
1.5
3.2
1.2
3.1
--
Wei
ght e
mpt
y (lb
s)6
1113
3023
830
.524
30W
eigh
t ful
l (lb
s)8.
818
20.6
5235
11.6
3837
.547
Stat
ic ev
apor
ation
rate
and
sta
tic h
olding
tim
e ar
e no
mina
l. Actu
al ra
te a
nd h
olding
tim
e wi
ll be
affe
cted
by th
e na
ture
of c
onta
iner u
se, a
tmos
pher
icco
nditio
ns, a
nd m
anuf
actu
ring
toler
ance
s.
66
Vapor Shippers
The MVE Vapor Shipper containers are designed for the safe transportationof biological samples at cryogenic (-150°C) temperatures. Fabricated fromdurable, lightweight aluminum, they contain a hydro-phobic absorbent thatcontains the liquid nitrogen. The absorbent also repels moisture and humidity,assuring the maximum holding time.
A protective shipping carton is available for all models, which protects thecontainer from being placed on its side and helps in withstanding the rigors of transportation. These containers can be used to ship your samples with a “non-hazardous” classification throughout the world.
Accessories:
• Shipping Carton
• Canisters
• Spare Corks
• Cryo-Shipper Frame
-150°C* Liquid Nitrogen Specimen Transport
* With
cen
ter a
bsor
bent
can
ister
- 3
week
hold
ing ti
me;
with
out c
enter
abs
orbe
nt ca
nister
- tw
o we
ek h
olding
time,
grea
ter st
orag
e ca
pacit
y
6968
Carbo-Mite
Technical FeaturesThe Carbo-Mite system isdesigned to meet the needs ofconsumers who use less than 100lbs of CO2 per month. Beverageproviders who once thought theirusage was too small for bulk CO2can now enjoy increased fountainprofits, enhanced beverage quality,added safety and a continuous flowof CO2. Features of the Carbo-Miteproduct include:
• 34" height allows it to fit undermost counters
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2contents and tank pressure
• Fully automatic systemrequires no electricity
• Versatility offers bothpermanent and portableinstallation
• Safe, low operating pressure of 125 psi
• Proprietary vacuum-regenerationsystem for convenient on-sitemaintenance
• Stainless steel, double-walled,vacuum insulated container
SPECIFICATIONS CARBO-MITE
Dimensions
Diameter (in) 20Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 34Empty Weight (lbs) 155Full Weight (lbs) 326
Design CriteriaCode ASME**MAWP (psig) 300Insulation type Vacuum with Super Insulation
CapacityNet Volume (gal) 18Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 171
PerformanceNormal Evaporation Rate (NER)* (lbs/day) 1.2Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) .75Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) 1.5
ComponentsASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300Secondary RV Setting (psig) 450Gas Use Connection (in) 1/4 x 45o Male FlareFill Line Connection (in) 5/8 x 45o Male FlareVent Connection (in) 1/2 OD Tube
ConstructionInner Vessel Material Stainless SteelOuter Vessel Material Stainless SteelLiquid Level Gauge Float/Magnetic
* No loss in normal applications**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I
Carbo-Mite Specifications
70
Carbo-Charger
71
Carbo-Charger Specifications
Technical FeaturesThe Carbo-Charger Bulk CO2System is an affordable alternativeto high pressure CO2 cylinders.This system is designed to meetthe CO2 gas requirement ofoperations using less than 150pounds of CO2 per month. Otherfeatures include:
• Stainless steel, double-walled,vacuum insulated container
• Proprietary vacuum- regeneration system for convenient, on-site maintenance
• Safe, low operating pressure of 125 psi
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2contents and tank pressure
• Efficient gas withdrawal system supplies CO2 gas inexcess of 3 pounds per hour
• Fully automatic system requiresno electricity
• Optional 6" welded uni-body legs
SPECIFICATIONS CARBO-CHARGER
DimensionsDiameter (in) 20Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 51Empty Weight (lbs) 216Full Weight (lbs) 522
Design CriteriaCode ASME**MAWP (psig) 300Insulation type Vacuum with Super Insulation
CapacityNet Volume (gal) 32Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 306
PerformanceNormal Evaporation Rate (NER)* (lbs/day) 2.0Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) 1.0Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) 3.0
ComponentsASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300Secondary RV Setting (psig) 450Gas Use Connection (in) 1/4 x 45o Male FlareFill Line Connection (in) 5/8 x 45o Male FlareVent Connection (in) 1/2 OD Tube
ConstructionInner Vessel Material Stainless SteelOuter Vessel Material Stainless SteelLiquid Level Gauge Float/Magnetic
* No loss in normal applications**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I
7372
CARBO-MIZERSPECIFICATIONS 450
Dimensions
Diameter (in) 20Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 65.8Empty Weight (lbs) 273Full Weight (lbs) 726
Design CriteriaCode ASME**MAWP (psig) 300Insulation type Vacuum with Super Insulation
CapacityNet Volume (gal) 48Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 453
PerformanceNormal Evaporation Rate (NER)*(lbs/day) 2.5Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) 5.5Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) 10.0
ComponentsASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300Secondary Relief Valve Setting (psig) 450Gas Use Connection (in) 1/4 x 45o Male FlareFill Line Connection (in) 5/8 x 45o Male Flare Vent Connection (in) 1/2 OD Tube
ConstructionInner Vessel Material Stainless SteelOuter Vessel Material Stainless SteelLiquid Level Gauge Float/Magnetic
* No loss in normal applications**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I
Carbo-Mizer SpecificationsCarbo-Mizer®
TechnicalFeaturesThe Carbo-Mizer® Bulk CO2System is designed to meet all ofyour CO2 gas requirements. Onetank provides continuous CO2supply for single or multipleapplications. Other featuresinclude:
• Stainless-steel, double-walled,vacuum-insulated container
• Patented Sure-Fill Systemensures a complete fill everytime, with no manual ventingrequired
• Proprietary vacuum-regeneration system forconvenient, on-site maintenance
• Patented CO2 impurityremoval system
• Stable 6" uni-body legs allowfor easy cleaning around unit
• Efficient gas-withdrawal system meets multiple flowrequirements
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2contents and tank pressure
• Safe, low operating pressure of 125 psi
• Fully automatic systemrequires no electricity
SPECIFICATIONS CARBO-MAX 750
DimensionsDiameter (in) 26Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 68Empty Weight (lbs) 430Full Weight (lbs) 1,201
Design CriteriaCode ASME**MAWP (psig) 300Insulation Type Vacuum with Super Insulation
CapacityNet Volume (gal) 82Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 771
PerformanceNormal Evaporation Rate (NER)* (lbs/day) 3.0Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) 15.0Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) N/A
ComponentsASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300Secondary RV Setting (psig) 450Gas Use Connection (in) 1/4 x 45o Male FlareFill Line Connection (in) 5/8 x 45o Male FlareVent Connection (in) 1/2 OD Tube
ConstructionInner Vessel Material Stainless SteelOuter Vessel Material Stainless SteelLiquid Level Gauge Float Type (magnetic)
* No loss in normal application**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I
74 75
Carbo-Max 750HF Carbo-Max 750HF Specifications
The Carbo-Max 750 High Flowcontainer is designed to meet theCO2 gas requirements for high-flow applications. The Carbo-Max750 product features a proprietary,internal, stainless-steel vaporizerthat provides superior CO2 gasdelivery at a rate of over 15 lbs.per hour.
Technical Features• Stainless-steel, double-walled,
vacuum-insulated container
• Proprietary vacuum-regeneration system forconvenient, on-sitemaintenance
• Patented Sure-Fill Systemguarantees a complete fillevery time with no manualventing required
• Safe, low-operating pressureof 140 psi
• Stable 6" uni-body legs meethealth department sanitationrequirements
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2contents and tank pressure
• Fully-automated system
77
CO2 Delivery Specifications
76
CO2 Delivery
For years, Chart has provided the finest CO2 bulk storage tanks forcarbonation applications and we now use that same expertise in developingCO2 delivery units. All delivery units are equipped with differential pressuremeters. This meter has a guaranteed deviation of less than 1%, and has lowermaintenance and calibration costs because it contains no moving parts.
2 1 / 2
Ton
3 To
n3
3 / 4To
n
Capa
city
Gros
s Ca
pacit
y(lit
ers)
2,34
62,
815
3,51
8
Liquid
Sto
rage
Cap
acity
(lbs)
5,12
26,
146
7,68
1
Dim
ensi
ons
Widt
h(in
)58
5858
Heigh
t(in
)67
6767
Leng
th(in
)11
112
915
6
Empt
y W
eight
(lbs)
2,81
93,
700
4,40
0
Full W
eight
(lbs)
9,06
610
,611
13,0
44
Features
• Low CO2 Evaporation Rate
• All stainless steel plumbing and 3-piece ball valves
• Welded outer jacket for greater moisture resistance and durability
• Optional pressure building unit and combo body units
• Meets DOT Specifications 49, MC-331 standards
SPECIFICATIONSCO2 Sensors
ProductOperating Principle: Infrared TechnologyMeasurement Range-Temperature 0 - 50oC (32 - 122oF)Measurement Range - CO2 0 - 3 Vol%Extended Range - CO2 3 - 10 Vol%Gas Sampling Mode Diffusion
AccuracyTemperature ±1oC (±1.8oF)CO2
At Full Operating Temperature Range ±0.05 Vol%Annual Zero Point Drift <0.01 Vol.%
w/automatic self-calibration
PerformanceCompliance With 89 / 336 / EEC / UL / CESensory Life Expectancy > 15 yearsDimensions (L x W x H) 7" x 4" x 2"
PowerPower Input 11 ±3V DC
OutputsDigital Interface RS 485 Serial Port with
Logico2 ProgramDisplay 4 digit LCD Display with
% CO2 and Temperature IndicationFilter Special Gore-Tex® Membranes
(Insect protection according to EN S4-7:1994)
CO2 Central Unit
Supply 90-260 VAC 50-60HzCommunication RS485 100mA, Internal terminated
=120 Ohm 0.3 VDC-offsetAcoustic signal-strength 70 dB (1m) max.Ambient Temperatures 0-40oC
The system is approved by UL, TUF and CE
79
CO2 Monitor System Specifications
78
CO2 Monitor Systems
Features• Patented, gold-plated sensors
• High and low CO2 alarm
• Three-year product warranty
• Continuous monitoring of CO2and temperature
• Digital display:temperature / CO2%
• Display makes it possible todiscover small leakage
• Up to 4 sensors per central unit
• Acoustical/optical signal fromcentral unit and sensors
• Plug-in cables for easy, fast andinexpensive installation
• LED display specifies whichsensor reports an alarm or fault
• Activation of a fan or externalwarning lamp from each sensorpossible
• Patented self-calibration, five-yearcalibration guarantee
• Temperature “high”, “low”indication for coolrooms
• Logico2 program microprocessor
• Approved by UL, TUF and CE
• Gore-Tex® Waterproofing
The Chart Monitor System provides accurate monitoring of CO2 levels. It is pre-set to exhibit an alarm when detecting abnormal to dangerously high level of CO2concentration in the work environment. Over 70,000 systems have beeninstalled world wide. Monitor Systems are constructed with the highest qualitycomponents possible.
8180
Cryogenic Piping Systems
1 1" Rigid Section2 1" Flexible Section3 1" x 1/2" Reducing
Tee4 1" Vacuum Jacketed
Valve5 1" x 1/2" Reducer
6 1/2" Vacuum JacketedValve
7 1/2" Rigid Section8 1/2" Flexible Section9 1/2" Extended Packing
Cryogenic Valve10 1/2" Capped Bayonet
• Multi-layer super insulation with vacuum jacket for lowest product loss
• Invar inner eliminates expansion bellows
• Accessories for instant liquid at use points
• Reusable couplings for easy installation and system modifications
Typical Layout
Vacuum Insulated PipeCustomized size and length permits engineering or contractor personnel todesign and install a liquid distribution center to fit any application
Bayonet CouplingsProvide a positive metal to metal interference fit at cryogenic temperatures.Interchangeable for easy assembly or removal for system expansion
Flexible SectionsProtected by stainless steel, interlocking guards to allow direction and elevation change while maintaining structural integrity
AccessoriesStandard accessories such as the cryovent device to keep the line flooded,phase separator for single phase flow at the use points, and jacketed ornonjacketed valves provide optimum utilization of cryogenic piping
Cryogenic Piping Systems
Specify Chart Cryogenic Pipe and System components for state-of-the-arttechnology, lowest product loss (see chart) and instant liquid at use points. Fromdesign assistance and custom manufacturing to installation at your site, Chartprovides total cryogenic distribution systems. This single source responsibilityassures you of a trouble-free system guaranteed to perform as expected.
Rigid Built-to-Order VIP Construction DetailsInner Pipe Vacuum Jacket Cooldown Heat Leak Bayonet Heat
Size Pipe Size Wt/ft Wt/ft Btu/hr/ft BTU/hr
1/4" 1-1/2" 1.5 lb 0.33 lb .28 7.5
1/2" 1-1/2" 1.9 lb 0.54 lb .35 7.5
1" 2-1/2" 3.4 lb 0.87 lb .50 11.8
1-1/2" 3" 4.4 lb 1.28 lb .67 15.4
2" 3-1/2" 5.2 lb 1.61 lb .81 17.9
3”+ Consult Factory
Flexible Built-to-Order VIP Construction DetailsSS Inner SS Outer SS Outer Minimum Weight Cooldown Heat LeakFlex I.D. Flex I.D. Flex O.D. Bend Radius Per Foot Weight/Foot BTU hr/ft
1/2” Nom 2" Nom 2.80" 17" 2.75 lb .45 lb .50
1” Nom 2-1/2" Nom 3.32" 21" 3.50 lb 1.00 lb 1.00
1-1/2” Nom 3" Nom 3.87" 23" 4.65 lb 2.00 lb 1.35
2” Nom 4" Nom 4.92" 28" 6.00 lb 2.25 lb 1.65
3”+ Consult Factory
Stainless steel braid cover is standard on the inner flex and optional for the vacuum jacket flex.
Chart vacuum insulated pipe utilizes multi-layer super insulation for lowestBTU loss. When used to replace copper or conventionally insulated lines,investment payback can be extremely fast.
Custom manufactured sections and flexible piping allow easy system planning and installation — nospecial tools are required.
Bayonet couplings providepositive metal-to-metalinterference fit at cryogenictemperatures. With these re-usable couplings, pipesections and components canbe easily assembled orremoved for systemmodification or expansion.
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Leng
thin
ftyd
mile
mm
cmm
km
1 inc
h1
0.08
330.
0278
—25
.40
2.54
00.
0254
—
1 fo
ot12
10.
3333
—30
4.8
30.4
80.
3048
—
1 ya
rd36
31
914.
491
.44
0.91
44—
1 m
ile—
5280
1760
1—
—16
09.3
1.60
9
1 m
illim
eter
0.03
940.
0033
——
10.
100
0.00
1—
1 ce
ntim
eter
0.39
370.
0328
10.
0109
—10
10.
01—
1 m
eter
39.3
73.
281
1.09
4—
1000
100
10.
001
1 kil
omet
er—
3281
1094
0.62
14—
—10
001
(1 m
icron
= 0
.001
milli
met
er)
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
83
Length Conversion Factors
82
Vaporizer Requirements
FLUI
DCo
nver
sion
Dat
aBT
UEn
ergy
Req
uire
dSt
d Cu
Ft
SCFH
GPM
at
Tota
l BTU
Per
Per
10,0
00pe
r 10,
000
Kilo
Gals
/Hr*
Lbs/
Hr**
CFM
***Ga
llon
Liq
GPM
GPM
SCFH
to 7
0°F
Wat
tsGa
solin
eSt
eam
Air
Argo
n11
2.5
6800
1.47
123,
000
36.1
1.0
115
12,3
00CO
274
.04
4440
2.25
171,
000
50.2
1.39
160
17,1
00He
lium
100.
860
401.
655
67,5
0019
.8.5
563
6750
Hydr
ogen
113.
668
201.
4789
,000
26.4
.72
8489
00Ni
troge
n93
.1156
001.
787
134,
400
39.5
1.09
126
13,4
00Ox
ygen
115.
169
001.
4514
2,00
041
.61.
1513
314
,200
Nitro
us O
xide
89.0
552
801.
895
231,
000
67.8
1.88
217
23,1
00Pr
opan
e42
2520
3.97
213,
000
62.5
1.73
200
21,3
00
* Ca
lculat
ed a
t 85%
The
rmal
Effic
iency
** Ca
lculat
ed a
t 100
psig
sat
urat
ed in
let w
ith o
utlet
at 1
50°F
*** C
alcula
ted
at 1
0°F3
Tth
ru v
apor
izer
85
Volume Conversion Factors
84
Area Conversion Factors
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Area
sq in
sq ft
acre
sq m
ilesq
cm
sq m
hect
are
1 sq
inch
10.
0069
——
6.45
2—
—
1 sq
foot
144
1—
—92
90.
0929
—
1 ac
re—
43,5
601
0.00
16—
4047
0.40
47
1 sq
mile
——
640
1—
—25
9
1 sq
cen
timet
er0.
1550
——
—1
0.00
01—
1 sq
met
er15
5010
.76
——
10,0
001
—
1 he
ctare
——
2471
——
10,0
001
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Volu
me
cu in
cu ft
cu y
dcu
cm
cu m
eter
liter
U.S.
gal
Imp
gal
1 cu
inch
1—
—16
.387
—0.
0164
——
1 cu
foot
1728
10.
0370
28,3
170.
0283
28.3
27.
481
6.22
9
1 cu
yar
d46
,656
271
—0.
7646
764.
520
216
8.2
1 cu
cen
timet
er0.
0610
——
1—
0.00
1—
—
1 cu
met
er61
,023
35.3
11.
308
1,00
0,00
01
999.
9726
4.2
220.
0
1 lite
r61
.023
0.03
53—
1000
0.00
11
0.26
420.
2200
1 U.
S. g
allon
231
0.13
37—
3785
.4—
3.78
51
0.83
27
1 Im
peria
l gall
on22
7.4
0.16
05—
4546
.1—
4.54
61.
201
1
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
87
Density Conversion Factors
86
Weight Conversion Factors
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Wei
ght
grai
noz
lbto
ngr
amkg
met
ric to
n
1 gr
ain1
——
—0.
0648
——
1 ou
nce
437.
51
0.06
25—
28.3
50.
0283
5—
1 po
und
7000
161
0.00
0545
3.6
0.45
36—
1 to
n—
32,0
0020
001
—90
7.2
0.90
72
1 gr
am15
.43
0.03
53—
—1
0.00
1—
1 kil
ogra
m—
35.2
742.
205
—10
001
0.00
1
1 m
etric
ton
—35
,274
2205
1.10
2—
1000
1
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
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colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Dens
itylb
/cu
inlb
/cu
ftlb
/gal
g/cu
cm
g/lit
er
1 po
und/
cu in
117
2823
127
.68
27,6
80
1 po
und/
cu ft
—1
0.13
370.
0160
16.0
19
1 po
und/
gal
0.00
433
7.48
11
0.11
9811
9.83
1 gr
am/cu
cm
0.03
613
62.4
38.
345
110
00
1 gr
am/lit
er—
0.06
243
0.00
8345
0.00
11
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
89
Energy Conversion Factors
88
Pressure Conversion Factors
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Pres
sure
lb/s
q in
lb/s
q ft
int a
tmkg
/cm
2m
m H
g @
32°
Fin
Hg
@ 3
2°F
ft wa
ter a
t 39.
2°F
KPa
1 po
und/
sq in
114
4—
0.07
0351
.713
2.03
592.
307
6.89
5
1 po
und/
sq ft
0.00
694
1—
—0.
3591
0.01
414
0.01
602
0.04
79
1 int
atm
osph
ere
14.6
9621
16.2
11.
0333
760
29.9
2133
.910
1.32
5
1 kil
ogra
m/sq
cm
14.2
2320
48.1
0.96
781
735.
5628
.958
32.8
198
.06
1 m
illim
eter
mer
cury
—(1
000
micr
ons)
0.01
932.
785
——
10.
0394
0.04
461
torr
(torri
celli)
—0.
1333
1 inc
h m
ercu
ry0.
4912
70.7
30.
0334
0.03
4525
.400
11.
133
3.38
6
1 fo
ot w
ater
0.43
3562
.42
—0.
0305
22.4
180.
8826
12.
989
1 kil
opas
cal 0
.01
bars
1000
N/sq
met
ers
.145
020
.89
0.00
9869
0.01
020
7.50
20.
3025
0.33
461
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Ener
gyft-
lbBT
Ug-
cal
Joul
ekw
-hr
hp-h
r
1 fo
ot-p
ound
10.
0012
850.
3240
1.35
56—
—
1 BT
U77
8.2
125
2.16
1054
.9—
—
1 gr
am-c
alorie
3.08
600.
0039
661
4.18
33—
—
1 int
Jou
le0.
7377
0.00
0948
0.23
901
——
1 int
kilo
watt-
hour
2,65
5,00
034
12.8
860,
563
—1
1.34
12
1 ho
rsep
ower
-hou
r1,
980,
000
2544
.564
1,70
0—
0.74
561
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
91
Power Conversion Factors
90
Specific Energy Conversion Factors
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Spec
ific
Ener
gyab
solu
te J
oule
/gIn
t Jou
le/g
cal/g
int c
al/g
BTU/
lb
1 ab
solut
e Jo
ule/g
ram
10.
9998
40.
2390
10.
2388
50.
4299
3
1 int
Jou
le/gr
am1.
0001
651
0.23
904
0.23
892
0.43
000
1 ca
lorie/
gram
4.
1840
4.18
331
0.99
935
1.79
88
1 int
calo
rie/g
ram
4.18
674.
1860
1.00
065
11.
8000
1 BT
U/lb
2.32
602.
3256
0.55
592
0.55
556
1
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by p
rope
r fac
tor b
elow
Powe
rhp
watt
kwBT
U/m
inBT
U/hr
ft-lb
/sec
ft-lb
/min
g-ca
l/sec
met
ric h
p(ra
te o
f ene
rgy
use)
1 ho
rsep
ower
174
5.7
0.74
5742
.41
2544
.555
033
,000
178.
21.
014
1 wa
tt—
10.
001
0.05
693.
413
0.73
7644
.25
0.23
900.
0013
6
1 kil
owat
t1.
3410
1000
156
.88
3412
.873
7.6
44,2
5423
913
60
1 BT
U pe
r minu
te—
——
160
12.9
777
8.2
4.20
30.
0239
1 m
etric
hp
0.98
6373
5.5
0.73
5541
.83
2509
.654
2.5
32,5
5017
5.7
1
Cour
tesy
of I
nger
soll-R
and
Com
pany
93
Conversion Factors
92
Refrigeration Conversion Factors
Velocity
Multiply By To Obtain Feet per minute . . . . . . . .0.01136 Miles per hour
0.01829 Kilometers per hour0.5080 Centimeters per second0.01667 Feet per second
Feet per second . . . . . . . .0.6818 Miles per hour1.097 Kilometers per hour30.48 Centimeters per second0.3048 Meters per second0.5921 Knots
Knots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.0 Nautical miles per hour1.6889 Feet per second1.1515 Miles per hour1.8532 Kilometers per hour0.5148 Meters per second
Meters per second . . . . . .3.281 Feet per second2.237 Miles per hour3.600 Kilometers per hour
Miles per hour . . . . . . . . . .1.467 Feet per second0.4470 Meters per second1.609 Kilometers per hour0.8684 Knots
Flowrate
1 SCFH = .472 liters/minute
Thermal Conductivity
Multiply By To Obtain BTU/(hr)(ft2)(°F/ft) 0.00413 Cal/(sec)(cm2)(°C/cm)
12.0 BTU/(hr)(ft2)(°F/in)0.0173 Watts/(cm2)(°C/cm)
Temperature
Degrees Fahrenheit = 1.8 (degrees Celsius) + 32Degrees Kelvin = degrees Celsius = 273.16Degrees Rankine = degrees Fahrenheit + 459.69
Mul
tiply
uni
ts in
left
colu
mn
by fa
ctor
bel
ow
Refri
gera
tion
BTU
(IT)/
min
BTU
(IT)/
hrkg
cal
/hr
ton
(US)
com
mto
n (B
rit) c
omm
frigo
rie/h
r
1 to
n (U
S) c
omm
200
12,0
0030
25.9
10.
8965
3025
.9
1 to
n (B
rit) c
omm
223.
0813
,385
3375
.21.
1154
133
75.2
1 fri
gorie
/hr
0.06
609
13.9
657
10.
0003
305
0.00
0296
31
BTU
is In
tern
al St
eam
Table
BTU
(IT)
. 1 fr
igorie
= 1
kg
cal (
NOT
IT).
One
ton
of re
frige
ratio
n is
the
heat
requ
ired
to m
elt o
ne to
n (2
000
lbs) o
f ice
at 3
2°F
to w
ater
at 3
2°F
durin
g 24
hou
rs. Co
urte
sy o
f Ing
erso
ll-Ran
d Co
mpa
ny
95
Decimal Equivalents
94
Temperature Conversion
°K °C °F °R0 –273.15 -459.7 0
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.216 –268.93 -452.1 7.610 –263.15 -441.7 18.020 –253.15 -423.7 36.0
H2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.27 –252.88 -423.2 36.5Ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.17 –245.98 –410.8 48.9
30 –243.15 –405.7 54.040 –233.15 –387.7 72.050 –223.15 –369.7 90.060 –213.15 –351.7 108.070 –203.15 –333.7 126.0
N2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.395 –195.76 –320.36 139.380 –193.15 –315.7 144.0
Ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.29 –185.86 –302.55 157.190 –183.15 –297.7 162.0
O2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.19 –182.96 –297.33 162.4100 –173.15 –279.7 180.0110 –163.15 –261.7 198.0
Kr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 –153.25 –243.8 215.9120 –153.15 –243.7 216.0130 –143.15 –225.7 234.0140 –133.15 –207.7 252.0150 –123.15 –189.7 270.0160 –113.15 –171.7 288.0
Xe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.6 –108.55 –163.4 296.3170 –103.15 –153.7 306.0180 –93.15 –135.7 324.0190 –83.15 –117.7 342.0200 –73.15 –99.7 360.0210 –63.15 –81.7 378.0220 –53.15 –63.7 396.0230 –43.15 –45.7 414.0240 –33.15 –27.7 432.0250 –23.15 –9.7 450.0260 –13.15 8.3 468.0270 –3.15 26.3 486.0280 6.85 44.3 504.0290 16.85 62.3 522.0300 26.85 80.3 540.0310 36.85 98.3 558.0320 46.85 116.3 576.0330 56.85 134.3 594.0340 66.85 152.3 612.0350 76.85 170.3 630.0360 86.85 188.3 648.0370 96.85 206.3 666.0380 106.85 224.3 684.0390 116.85 242.3 702.0400 126.85 260.3 720.0
Boiling points of indicated gases are at one atmosphere pressure.
Decimal Equivalents
Inch Fractions Decimal Equivalent Millimeter Equivalent
1/32 .03125 .7941/16 .0625 1.5883/32 .09375 2.3811/8 .125 3.1755/32 .15625 3.9693/16 .1875 4.7637/32 .21875 5.556
1/4 .250 6.3509/32 .28125 7.1445/16 .3125 7.9383/8 .375 9.525
11/32 .34375 8.73113/32 .40625 10.3197/16 .4375 11.11315/32 .46875 11.906
1/2 .500 12.70017/32 .52125 13.4949/16 .5625 14.28819/32 .59375 15.0815/8 .625 15.875
21/32 .65625 16.66911/16 .6875 17.46323/32 .71875 18.256
3/4 .750 19.05025/32 .78125 19.84413/16 .8125 20.63827/32 .84375 21.4317/8 .875 22.225
29/32 .90625 23.01915/16 .9375 23.81331/32 .96875 24.606
9796
Definitions
Absolute Zero— The lowest temperature attainable. All molecular activity isconsidered to cease. Its value is -459.7°F (-273.15°C)Coefficient of Viscosity— A measure of the tendency of a fluid to resist shear. Theunit for viscosity is the poise which is defined as the resistance (in dynes per squarecentimeter of its surface) to one layer of fluid to the motion of a parallel layer one centimeter away and with a relative velocity of one cm per second.Critical Pressure— The pressure under which a substance may exist as a gasin equilibrium with the liquid at the critical temperature.Critical Temperature— The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified by pressure alone.Cryogenics— The science which involves very low temperatures, usuallyregarded as below -150°F.Density— Mass per unit volume.Dew Point— The temperature at which liquid first condenses when a vaporis cooled.Dielectric Constant— The specific inductive capacitance of a material. It is equalto the ratio of the capacitances of two condensers of identical size, one using theparticular dielectric, the other using air or a vacuum as the dielectric.Joule-Thomson Effect— The change in temperature resulting from expansion ofa gas or vapor through an orifice or other restriction. In general, a lowering oftemperature or cooling effect is the usual result of such an expansion.Latent Heat of Fusion— The heat required to convert a unit mass of substancefrom the solid state to the liquid state at a given pressure (and temperature).Latent Heat of Sublimation— The heat required to convert a unit mass ofsubstance from the solid state to the gaseous state.Latent Heat of Vaporization— The heat required to convert a unit mass ofsubstance from the liquid state to the gaseous state at a given pressure (andtemperature).Liquified Gases— Usually applied to the liquid form of substances which undernormal conditions of temperature and pressure are found as gases. Liquid oxygenis an example.Molecular Weight— The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule.The atomic weight is the relative weight of the atom, on the basis of carbon isotopeC12.Normal Boiling Point— The temperature at which a liquid boils when under a totalpressure of one atmosphere.Normal Sublimation Temperature— The temperature at which a solid sublimesunder a total pressure of one atmosphere.Specific Heat— The ratio of the heat capacity of a body to the heat capacity ofwater at some reference temperature.
Definitions & Miscellaneous
Specific Gravity— The ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an equal volumeof air (for gases) at a specified temperature. It is dimensionless. For liquids andsolids, it is the ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an equal volume of water.Specific Heat Ratio— Ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to the specificheat at constant volume at a particular temperature.Specific Volume— The volume occupied by one unit weight of a substance.Superconductivity— The phenomenon by which some substances suddenly loseall electrical resistance when their temperatures are reduced. These transitionsoccur at temperatures lower than that of liquid hydrogen.Thermal Conductivity— The property of a material that describes the rate atwhich heat will be conducted through a unit area of material for a given drivingforce. It is dependent on the material and upon its temperature.Triple Point— The particular condition under which a substance can be present inany or all phases (gaseous, liquid, or solid).Vapor Pressure— The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with the liquidphase of the same substance.
Miscellaneous Physical Constants
Constant Numerical Value UnitsAvogadro’s Number . . . 6.0228 x 1023 Molecules/gram moleBoltzmann Constant . . . 1.38048 x 10-16 Erg/°CElectronic Charge . . . . . 4.80239 x 10-10 Absolute esue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.718282 —Gas-Law Constant R . . 1.987 Cal/(gm-mole) (°K) or
BTU/(lb-mole) (°K)82.05 (cm3) (atm)/(gm-mole) (°K)0.08205 (liter) (atm)/(gm-mole) (°K)10.731 (ft3) (lb)/(in2)(lb-mole) (°R)0.7302 (ft3) (atm)/(lb-mole) (°R)
Loge 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30258 —Mechanical Equivalent
of heat . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.182 Joule/calPi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14159* —Planck Constant . . . . . . 6.6254 x 10-27 erg sec
* Approximate value, since Pi is an irrational number
Acknowledgment
Chart thanks AIRCO Welding Products for permission to copy various tablesand data from the AIRCO Data Book.
98
Notes
© 2005 Chart Industries. All rights reserved.
Ref 10517513 Rev B
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