cryptic seed orchard dysfunctions
DESCRIPTION
Cryptic Seed Orchard Dysfunctions. The case of Larix decidua x L. kaempferi. Results from Denmark. Danish Seed orchards in production (1947->). Hybrid superiority 25 years from planting, average of 2 sites. Design. Design. 2-5 clones L. decidua. 1 clone L. kaempferi. Design. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cryptic Seed Orchard Dysfunctions
The case of Larix decidua x L. kaempferi
Results from Denmark
Har
vest
+im
port
of s
eed
(kg)
Year
0
100
200
300
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Danish Seed orchards in production
(1947->)
FP.201 Larix x eurolepis
FP.202 Fraxinus excelsior
FP.203 Larix x eurolepis
FP.205 Larix x eurolepis
FP.209 Picea abies
FP.210 Pseudotsuga menziesii
FP.211 Larix x eurolepis
FP.212 Fraxinus excelsior
FP.227 Pinus sylvestris
FP.228 Pseudotsuga menziesii
FP.229 Pseudotsuga menziesii
FP.234 Pinus sylvestris
FP.237 Larix x eurolepis
FP.238 Picea sitchensis
FP.240 Picea abies
FP.241 Picea abies
FP.243 Picea sitchensis
FP.257 Pinus sylvestris
FP.259 Abies nordmanniana
FP.285 Larix kaempferi
FP.309 Pinus contorta
FP.601 Larix kaempferi
FP.608 Picea sitchensis
FP.611 Picea sitchensis
FP.615 Larix kaempferi
FP.618 Larix x eurolepis
FP.622 Pices sitchensis
FP.623 Abies procera
FP.625 Picea sitchensis
FP.626 Larix x eurolepis
FP.636 Larix x eurolepis
FP.639 Fraxinus excelsior
FP.644 Betula pendula
FP.645 Betula pubscens
FP.784 Fraxinus excelsior
FP.785 Acer platanoides
FP.788 Betula pendula
FP.789 Betula pubescens
FP.1100 Abies nordmanniana
Hybrid superiority25 years from planting, average of 2 sites
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Volume
Ste
m f
orm
Based on Roulund, 2007
FP 211
FP 201FP 618
FP 205FP 203
FP 615FP 601
Design
Design
1 clone L. kaempferi
2-5 clones L. decidua
Design
1 clone L. decidua
2-15 clones orFull sib familyorSelfed familyL. Kaempferi
Design
1 clone L. decidua
2-15 clones orFull sib familyorSelfed familyL. Kaempferi
Seed crop Hybrids
Selfed
Test for hybrids
• Allozymes
• SSR markers
• cpDNA ; mtDNA (Acheré et al. 2004)
Test for hybrids
• Allozymes• SSR markers• cpDNA ; mtDNA (Acheré et al. 2004)
PaternanityCp-markerll-TaqI
481
601
Hybrid larch ?
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
Hybrid superiority25 years from planting, average of 2 sites
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Volume
Ste
m f
orm
Based on Roulund, 2007
FP 211
FP 201FP 618
FP 205FP 203
FP 615FP 601
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
+ FP 618
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
+ FP 618
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
FP 203
+ FP 618
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
FP 203
+ FP 618
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
FP 203
+ FP 618
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
FP 203
+ FP 618
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
FP 244FP 205
FP 203
FP 201
FP 211FP 237
+ FP 618
Hybrids?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR
Hyb
rid%
+
Hybrid % in a given Seed Orchards may vary substantially from year to year
FP 205
FP 244
FP 203
Zygotic selectionWhats happends after sowing?
• During germination
• Growth in the nursery
• Culling in the nursery before selling
• Growth in the Forests after planting
Germin. Interval
Hybrid seed
Selfed seed
Hybrid%
1 14 1 0.93 (0.06)
2 26 11 0.70 (0.08)
3 16 15 0.52 (0.08)
4 3 4 0.43 (0.17)
5 0 3 0.00 (0.00)
Total 59 34 0.63 (0.05)
Zygotic selection - germination timeHybrid fraction according to germination interval FP205 (2004): Hybrid= 63%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5Germination periode (1-5)
Hyb
rid
%
93Cumulated Hybrid %
70
52
53
0
Hybrid percent
Depends on the sampled germination window …
- What is a suitable time window?
Zygotic selection –In the Nursery upto Seedlings
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 5 10 15 20
Height (cm)
Roo
t col
lor
(mm
)
Selfed
Hybrids
FP244 (2000) 1 year bare rootseedlings
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Height (cm)
Roo
t col
lar
(mm
)
Selfed
Hybrids
FP244 (2000) 1 year plug+1seedlings
11% -> 11% 11% -> 11%
Bare roots Plug+1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 5 10 15 20Height (cm)
Roo
t col
lor
(mm
)
Hybrids
Selfed
FP205 (2000) 1 year bare rootseedlings
32% -> 45%
Bare roots
Zygotic selection –In the Nursery upto Seedlings
Hybrid percent
Depends on the applied nursery grading
E.g. from 70% – 11%
- What is a suitable culling regime?
- Should all nurseries test before selling?
Zygotic selection –In the Forest after 18 years
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 51
Dia
met
er o
f tr
ees
(mm
)
HybridsSelfings
Conclusion?
• Important to know what’s going on in the CSOs
• Test every seedlot
• Need for minimum acceptable Hybrid% ?
• Need for minimum acceptable culling?
• Production technique?
Involved staff
Lars Nørgaard Hansen, UoC
Erik Dahl Kjær, UoC
Viggo Jensen, UoC
Lotte Hougs, The Danish Plant Directorate
Henrik Gade Knudsen,
Thanks to The Danish Forest and Nature Agency for financial support