cs 4001mary jean harrold1 brandon mayfield? fingerprint found on a detonator at the scene of the...

Mary Jean Harrold 1 CS 4001

Brandon Mayfield?

Fingerprint found on a detonator at the scene of the 2004 Madrid train positively identified as belonging to Mayfield

FBI put Mayfield under 24-hour surveillance, listened to his phone calls, and surreptitiously searched his home and law office

Mayfield was taken into custody on May 6, 2004, and released about two weeks later when FBI admitted it had erred in saying the fingerprints belonged to Mayfield

Federal government apologized and settled a lawsuit by Mayfield $2M Mayfield retained the right to challenge parts of the Patriot Act

Mayfield did challenge the Patriot Act claiming that secret searches of his house and office under FISA violated the Fourth Amendment

Ruling yesterday upheld his claims


Writing Arguments (Chapter 4)Logos, Ethos, and Pathos


Rhetorical Triangle

Logos - internal consistency and clarity, logic of reasons and support (logical appeal)

Ethos - credibility of arguer, care in presenting alternate views, writer investment in claims, possibly reputation for honesty and expertise (ethical appeal)

Pathos - appealing to audiences imaginative sympathies, making argument palpable and immediate

Arguments: Claims with Reasons


Message (LOGOS: How can I make the

argument consistent and logical? How can I find the best reasons and evidence?

Audience (PATHOS: How can I

make the reader open to my message? How can I appeal to the reader’s values and interests?

Writer or Speaker: (ETHOS: How can I present myself effectively? How can I enhance my credibility and trustworthiness?

Rhetorical Triangle


Facts

What are they? A fact is a non-controversial piece of data that

is verifiable through observation or through appeal to communally accepted authorities.

Facts can increase persuasiveness by having Recency. What’s the latest data? Representativeness. Are the supporting examples

typical rather than extreme or rare. Sufficiency. Are there enough examples to justify the

point. (No hasty generalization.)


Issue Questions are the Basis of Argument

Issue question: controversial question that gives rise to alternative answers.

Issue versus information questions Some questions merely call for more information, not

argument. In answering an information question, you assume the role of a teacher.

But if you must assume the role of an advocate, then the question is an issue question.

Also if the facts of the answer are controversial, then the question is an issue question.


Arguments VS Pseudo Arguments

A genuine argument requires


Arguments VS Pseudo Arguments

A genuine argument requires Reasonable participants who operate within the

conventions of reasonable behavior. Potentially shareable assumptions that can

serve as a starting place or foundation for the argument.

Otherwise, it is a pseudo-argument: Fanatical believers or fanatical skeptics Lack of shared assumptions


Arguments: Claims Supported by Reasons

What is a reason?A reason is a claim used to support another claim.

Reasons are usually linked to their claims with words like because, thus, since, consequently, and therefore to underscore their logical connection.

Formulating lists of reasons for the competing views can break the persuasive task into more manageable subtasks.

A good way to formulate an argument is to create a working thesis statement that summarizes your main reasons as because clauses attached to your claim. However, be aware of the opposing points of view.


Class Exercise

In groups of three, for each group member Consider that member’s term-paper topic as an

issue Create at least five because clauses to support

each side of the issue—i.e., five for the claim, five against the claim—member keeps track of the issues for his/her topic

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