cs 6750 fall 2001 cognitive models agenda zwho am i? zcognitive models ysituated action yactivity...
TRANSCRIPT
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Cognitive Models
AgendaWho Am I?Cognitive Models
Situated Action Activity Theory Distributed Cognition
How to use these modelsCompare to Engineering Models
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Who Am I?
Elizabeth MynattAssociate Professor, CoC, HCIEveryday Computing [email protected]
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Models of Human Cognition
Human as “information processing system” Predict performance, not describe truth
Other models? Distributed cognition Activity theory Situated action
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Situated Action
Emergent property of moment-by-moment interactions
Relation between persons and arenasImprovisationDetailed temporal accountsDe-emphasizes rigid plans and
rational problem solving
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Activity Theory
Subject, object, actions and operations
Flexible in face of changing conditions
Mediation by artifactsTransformative relationship
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Distributed Cognition
Distributed collection of interacting people and artifacts
Less emphasis on individual cognition; system goal
Representations and transformationsCollaboration
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Comparing Models
Goals versus “retrospective reconstructions”
Persistent structuresPeople and thingsLevel of detail
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Square 1
What do you know?Where not to start:
Marketing data Detailed surveys Jumping into design Asking the customer …
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Knowing your user
Understand underlying structure / goals / values …
Make tacit knowledge explicitTrain your intuitionEnable tech transfer
Apprentice model
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Observation
You just landed on planet XTeach someone to drive in a conf
roomPeople use knowledge in the worldLots of non-verbal detailsListen to the languageVideotaping
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Interviews
Observation grounds interviewsKeeping the interview openCheat sheetsAvoid summaries, abstractionsCreate interpretations together“What should I have asked?”Tape recording
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Other techniques
Exercises Sorting, ordering
Focus groups Reaction to prototypes
Surveys Detailed data, evaluation
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Triangulation
Multiple viewpointsDifferent types of data
Discover biasBetter dataShared understanding
CS 6750 Fall 2001
Model Human Processor
Perceptual, cognitive and motor processors
Recognize-act cycleEngineering models
GOMS
KLM GOMSCCT