CS101- Computer Fundamentals

Lecture No. 1Shamyl Bin Mansoor

Introductions

Instructor: Shamyl Bin Mansoor

Students: ?

Motivation

What can you do with computers?

What can you do with computers?

What is the Course About?

-Understanding the basic functionality of a computer- How to make machines solve your problems- How to logically go about tackling a problem

Course PolicyCourse (75% of 100 marks)One Hour Tests : 30 %Quizzes : 10 % Course Assignments : 9.0 %Class Participation : 1.0%Final Exam : 50% Lab (25% of Total 100 marks)Lab Assignments : 70 %Project : 30 %

Books• Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton, 6th or latest

edition• C How to Program by Deitel & Deitel• Object-Oriented Programming in C++ by Robert Lafore

• NOTE: Check course outline for details on the particular Editions

Course Pre-Requisites• Pre-requisites: None• Credit Hours:

– 2+1– 3 hourly lectures per week– 1 hour lab !!!!

Policies

• Must write your name and Registration No in quizes/assignments

• No late work will be accepted• Ask questions; participate actively in class

Policies

• You are responsible for what is covered in class – even if you don’t show up

• Deficiency in attendance may lead to termination or relegation

• You are encouraged to help each other with your homework assignments – but you must turn in your own work

• If you are found to be cheating, you will fail at least the assignment. Both copier and copyee get a zero!

Policies

• If you have any learning disabilities or special needs, please let me know in advance through email or personal meeting

• Check LMS regularly for messages• Quizzes are unannounced

Contacts

• Office: • SMART Lab, Graduate Research

ComplexPhone 051- 90852173

• Office Hours: • Tuesday 0900 – 1100 hrs• email:• shamyl.mansoor@seecs.edu.pk• Exceptional meeting:

Give me an email and get time.

Course Web Page

• http://lms.seecs.edu.pk/

Course Contents

• PART 1- Computer Fundamentals

– Basic Definitions of Computer Fundamentals– Computer Hardware– Computer Software– Computer Networks– World Wide Web

Course Contents

• PART 2- C Language– Data type and operators– Statements and Control Flow– Declarations and Initialization– Functions– Basic I/O– Arrays– Strings– Pointers– Union and Bit-wise operators– Structures and Files

Be Creative!

Video!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vApOQb8A8k&feature=related

Today’s Lecture• Computer

– Hardware – Software

• Computer Architecture• Software Categories

• System Software• Application Software

• Introduction to ‘C’ Language• History• Evolution• Justification

• Development Environment of ‘C’

What is a ComputerWhat’s a

Computer?

A Computer is…

•A digital electronics device that combines hardware and

software to accept the input of data, process and store the data,

and produce some useful output.

Tangible componentsElectronic

instructions

Components of a Computer System

Digital Technology

Digital Electronics

•Digital electronics devices store and process bits electronically.

–A bit represents data using 1’s and 0’s–Eight bits is a byte – the standard grouping

in digital electronics–Digitization is the process of transforming

information into 1’s and 0’s

For more on digitization:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitization http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/analog-digital.htm http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/317

Knowledge Worker

•Today’s well-equipped knowledge worker makes use

of many digital technologies.

Producing Valuable Information

•Data: items stored on a digital electronics device: numbers, characters, & sounds

•Information: data organized and presented in a manner that provides value to the user: documents,

graphs ,music, photos

Digital Technology Metrics

Kilo, Mega, Giga, what comes next?

•Key Terms–Desktop computer–Notebook computer–Netbooks–Tablet PC–Smart phone

Personal Computer (PC)

Examples:www.hp.com

www.apple.com www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/tabletpc

Synchronize

•When you synchronize or sync two digital

devices, you update the files shared between the

devices so that both copies are up-to-date

and identical.

Computing Platform

•A computer’s type, processor, and operating

system define its computing platform.

P O W

E R

Types of General Purpose Computer Systems

Personal Computer (PC)

WorkstationPowerful, multiprocessor, special-purpose PC

Server Powerful, multiprocessor computers that provide services to many users

over a network

Supercomputer Most powerful with fastest processing

speeds

Special-Purpose Computers

•A kiosk is a computer station that provides the public with

specific and useful information and services.

The processor and operating system used in the Kindle allow users to connect to the Kindle store, where books, magazines, newspapers, and blogs are available to download for a fee.

Special-Purpose Mobile Devices

•The “desk” has to be wherever you are. The trend of digital electronic devices to become smaller and increasingly powerful has fully supported the move

to an increasingly mobile workforce

Mobile Media

•Movies, television shows, and other video clips can be

downloaded from the Web or transferred from DVD to the

devices and displayed on the 3.8-inch screen.

A little bit about programming languages

Evolution of programming languages

• The lack of portability between different computers led to the development of high-level languages—so called because they permitted a programmer to ignore many low-level details of the computer's hardware

• What does portability mean?

• So what is a high level language vs. low level language?

How people used to program

• Machine Language….. Damn! It was difficult• Assembly Language

– Required too much user involvement– To much to remember – Less semantic

• C Language – B Language.. Bell Labs (1969)

• Was very limited (not surprising)– Improved to C Language (1969-1989)

• Much more powerful language!– Is a compiled language

ANSI C(a.k.a ‘C’) language

There are two main categories of software

• System software:– <examples>

• Application Software – <examples>

Tools of the trade

• Editor• Interpreter and Compilers • Debuggers

– What is a bug? So what could be a debugger??

Computer Bug• The First Computer Bug

Moth found trapped between points at Relay # 70, Panel F, of the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator while it was being tested at Harvard University, 9 September 1947.

• The operators affixed the moth to the computer log, with the entry: "First actual case of bug being found".

• They put out the word that they had "debugged" the machine, thus introducing the term "debugging a computer program".

Ref: http://www.jamesshuggins.com/h/tek1/first_computer_bug_large.htm

Where is your software or program?