Welcome toonline lesson 2

In this online lesson, you will be able to:

1. identify the number of household units by regions from a NSO survey;2. describe the types of housing units occupied in the country;3. describe urban housing;4. enumerate the problems in urban housing;and5. enumerate solutions being done to alleviate urban housing problem.

A survey by NSO was conducted on the housing units occupied by different regions

From the previous data, what building unit by type is most occupied by people?

What building unit by type is the least occupied?Post your answer in Forum 2a

In 2010, 61.7 percent of the total 20,171,899 households in the country owned or amortized the lots that they occupied. The corresponding figure in 2000 was 52.6 percent of the total 15,278,808 households. Moreover, 22.2 percent of the households occupied lots for free but with consent of the owner. By comparison, 10 regions had proportions higher than the national value of 22.2 percent. These are Region VI (39.5 percent), Region VIII (35.1 percent), Region V (34.1 percent), Region IX (30.9 percent), Caraga (29.1 percent), Region X (28.5 percent), Region IVB (26.3 percent), Region XII (25.4 percent), Region XI (25.1 percent), and Region VII (23.8 percent). On the other hand, about 12.1 percent rented the lots that they occupied. Only two regions had proportions higher than the recorded national figure. These are NCR (33.4 percent) and Region IVA (15.0 percent). Meanwhile, 2.4 percent occupied lots for free without consent of the owner. Five regions had proportions higher than the proportion recorded for the country. These are the NCR (5.1 percent), Region VI (2.7 percent), Region XI (2.6 percent), Region XII (2.5 percent), and Caraga (2.5 percent).

The 2010 Census of Population and Housing (2010 CPH), counted a total of 19,715,695 occupied housing units in the Philippines as of May 1, 2010. These are housing units with households and persons living in them at the time of census enumeration. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of occupied housing units increased by 4,824,568 or 32.4 percent. In 1960, the reported total number of occupied housing units was 4,435,153. This is more than one fifth of the number of occupied housing units of the country in the 2010 CPH. Of the six decennial censuses in the country, the inventory of housing units between the 1980 CPH and 1990 CPH had the largest increase of total occupied housing units at about 40.9 percent.

What agency is responsible for the housing projects of the government?

The National Housing Authority (NHA), established by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 757 dated July 31, 1975, is a government-owned and controlled corporation operating under the policy and administrative supervision of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC). The NHA is mandated by Executive Order No. 90 as the sole government agency to engage in shelter production, focusing its efforts to provide to homeless, low-income Filipino families.

What are the projects of the NHA?

Flagship Projects

: Housing Program for Informal Settler Families Residing in Danger Areas in Metro Manila. The program, directed by the national leadership, involves relocation and resettlement of families residing in or along danger areas in Metro Manila particularly those along waterways such as creeks, rivers, and esteros. It is undertaken mainly through in-city multi-storey housing development utilizing government-owned land. NHA undertakes housing development while estate management/building maintenance shall be undertaken either by LGUs, NGOs, or homeowners' associations. It also covers implementation of alternative in-city project schemes proposed by program stakeholders and off-city resettlement where in-city project plans are not feasible.

NHA-Administered Resettlement Program


This involves acquisition and development of large tracts of raw land to generate service lots or core housing units for families displaced from sites earmarked for government infrastructure projects and those occupying danger areas such as waterways, esteros and railroad tracks.

Slum Upgrading

Entails acquisition and on-site improvement of occupied lands through introduction of roads or alleys and basic services such as water and power. Land tenure issue is resolved through sale of homelots to bonafide occupants.

Sites and Services

Entails acquisition and development of raw land into service homelots to serve as alternative to informal settlements as well as catchment areas for inmigration and population growth. This approach is adopted in urban centers where population growth and overspill is anticipated and where beneficiaries intend to acquire housing on incremental basis.

Core Housing

Entails acquisition and development of raw land as well as construction of housing units. The Program provides service lots with core housing designed to match the affordability of target market consisting mostly of low-salaried government and private sector employees. Under this program, projects are implemented under joint venture arrangement with private sector or LGUs. Partners invest or contribute equity in the project in terms of land or funds for land development and house construction.

Medium Rise Housing

An in-city housing alternative that entails the construction of three- to five-storey buildings. The Medium Rise Public Housing Program is implemented directly by NHA, utilizing the allocation for the Program under RA 7835 and units are made available under lease arrangement. On the other hand, the Medium Rise Private Housing Program is implemented directly by NHA or in joint venture with other government agencies and/or the private sector.

Community-Based Housing Program:
Tenurial Assistance

Community resources are mobilized for resolution of land tenure issues and/or site development through the Land Tenure Assistance Program (LTAP), Community Mortgage Program (CMP) and Community Land Acquisition Support Program (CLASP). Under LTAP, the NHA extends credit assistance to Community Associations for the acquisition of land they occupy or intend to be resettled. Under other community-based approaches, the NHA acts as conduit between community associations/ cooperatives and financing institutions such as the National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC), Home Development Mutual fund (HDMF OR Pag-IBIG Fund) and other government and non-government institutions.

What is urban housing?

Urban housing is a fundamental component of every city. The city's housing condition reflects not just the income levels and level of well-being of its inhabitants, but to a certain extent, clearly show the social and spatial inequalities that exist within the city.

As a growing megacity confronted by numerous large scale urban problems, Metro Manila's housing situation remains to be a priority metropolitan concern for several decades now.

Continuous massive influx of migrants from different provinces to Metro Manila further intensified the demand for settlement space. This resulted to the perennial problem on informal settlements

A map is created to show that informal settlers in Metro Manila occupy vacant public and private lands especially those (1) along riverbanks and estuaries;

(2) near or along major transport routes and transportation facilities like highways and railroad tracks; and

(3) areas near possible jobs or income source.

The housing landscape of Metro Manila shows extreme polarization. Numerous upscale housing development projects are sporadically emerging across the metropolis alongside the continuous burgeoning of shanty towns and slum dwellings all over the city

Local governments encourage upscale housing projects in the city at the same time strongly opposing 'within-city' socialized housing for the poor. The City of Manila, as a matter of policy, no longer allows on-site socialized housing and has set as a major priority, the relocation of slum dwellers to sites outside the metropolis.

Key socialized housing providers such as Habitat and Gawad Kalinga are finding it difficult to acquire cooperation of these local governments. In Quezon City for example, several request for building permits and site development permits for socialized housing projects were rejected, the same city which experiences most of the middle-scale and upscale housing developments in Metro Manila

What is the government doing for this problem?

Urban Development and Housing Act
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7279

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AND CONTINUING URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING PROGRAM, ESTABLISH THE MECHANISM FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

Sec. 2. Declaration of State Policy and Program Objectives. It shall be the policy of the State to undertake, in cooperation with the private sector, a comprehensive and continuing Urban Development and Housing Program, hereinafter referred to as the Program, which shall: (a) Uplift the conditions of the underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban areas and in resettlement areas by making available to them decent housing at affordable cost, basic services, and employment opportunities;

(b) Provide for the rational use and development of urban land in order to bring about the following

e) Encourage more effective people's participation in the urban development process; and (f) Improve the capability of local government units in undertaking urban development and housing programs and projects

ARTICLE V
SOCIALIZED HOUSING

Sec. 15. Policy. Socialized housing, as defined in Section 3 hereof, shall be the primary strategy in providing shelter for the underprivileged and homeless. However, if the tenurial arrangement in a particular socialized housing program is in the nature of leasehold or usufruct, the same shall be transitory and the beneficiaries must be encouraged to become independent from the Program within a given period of time, to be determined by the implementing agency concerned.

SECTION 27. Action Against Professional Squatters and Squatting Syndicates. The local government units, in cooperation with the Philippine National Police, the Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor (PCUP), and the PCUP-accredited urban poor organization in the area, shall adopt measures to identify and effectively curtail the nefarious and illegal activities of professional squatters and squatting syndicates, as herein defined.

Any person or group identified as such shall be summarily evicted and their dwellings or structures demolished, and shall be disqualified to avail of the benefits of the Program. A public official who tolerates or abets the commission of the abovementioned acts shall be dealt with in accordance with existing laws.

For purposes of this Act, professional squatters or members of squatting syndicates shall be imposed the penalty of six years imprisonment or a fine of not less than Sixty thousand pesos (P60,000.00) but not more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) , or both, at the discretion of the court.

Squatters who occupy land without the express consent of the landowner after March 28, 1992 or after the effectivity of Republic Act No. 7279 may be summarily evicted by the local government unit in accordance with the Implementing Rules and Regulations governing Summary Eviction which was enacted pursuant to Section 44, Article XII of Republic Act 7279.

What can you say about the pictures in the next slide?

Post your answer in Forum 2b

Do you want to know more about informal settlements in Metro Manila?

Click on the graphics below

Assignment

1.Interview barangay officials on the condition of urban housing in their particular barangay. 2.Research in the Internet non-governmental organizations or foundations where their projects are building low-cost housing for the poor.

3.Research on the problem of proliferation of informal settlers.

Report to the class your findings during the face-to-face learning

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