CS480/580 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Shuiwang Ji

General information Instructor: Shuiwang Ji

· Office hours: Monday and Wednesday, 4:30PM-5:30PM, or by appointment

· Office location: E&CS 3204· E-mail: sji@cs.odu.edu· Research interests: machine learning, data

mining, computer vision, computational biology Course Homepage:

http://www.cs.odu.edu/~sji/classes/fall2010/AI/

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Textbooks Main text: Artificial Intelligence:

A Modern Approach, 3rd Edition, by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig

http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/

LISP programming: Practical Common Lisp by Peter Seibel

http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/ Other LISP books also work

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Grading Graduates and undergraduates will be graded

separately Homework:

· Undergraduate (30%): there will be 4-5 homework· Graduate: (25%): there will be 3-4 homework

Term paper (5%): ONLY for graduate students Project (30%): there will be 2-3 projects Exam (40%):

· Exam 1: 10%· Exam 2: 10%· Final exam 20%

4All homework and projects are strictly individual

LISP programming

Projects will involve LISP programming Use Lisp-in-a-box (link from the class page)

Easy to install and use A free book on LISP is available Partial code will ONLY be provided in LISP Need LISP tutorial lecture?

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Project grading

Partial code in LISP will be provided Students are asked to program the core algorithms Some example inputs will be given, and the outputs

and analysis are graded Grading criteria

· General structure: 10%· Project report: 30%· Correctness: 60%

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Course overview

Intelligent agent architecture Problem-solving by searching Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) Propositional logic First-order logic Probabilistic inference and Bayesian networks Planning and Markov decision processes (MDP) Machine learning

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Class homepage

The class is temporally run through the homepage: http://www.cs.odu.edu/~sji/classes/fall2010/AI

Switch to blackboard later on

Not hardcopy handouts, check class homepage/blackboard regularly

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What is AI?

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Two central questions

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Humanly or rationally

Thinking or acting

Rational: does the “right thing” given what is knows

Definitions of AI

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Humanly or rationally

Thin

king

or a

ctin

g

Think humanly: cognitive science

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Do we want a machine that beats humans in chess or a machine that thinks like humans while beating humans in chess?

DeepBlue supposedly DOESN’T think like humans

Think rationally: law of thought

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1. Not easy to take informal knowledge and state it in the formal terms required by logical notation

2. Reasoning on real-world problems is computationally demanding

Acting humanly: The Turing test

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Mechanical flight became possible only when people decided to stop emulating birds…

Natural language processingKnowledge representation

Automated reasoningMachine learning

Acting rationally: rational agent

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Making correct inference is sometimes part of being a rational agentCorrect inference is not all of rationalityThere are ways of acting rationally that cannot be said to involve inference

The rational agent approach

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Think humanly Think rationally

Acting humanly Acting rationally

Humanly or rationally

Thin

king

or a

ctin

g

Rational agent

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AI prehistory

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Why AI?

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Only thing Microsoft & Google agrees

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“If you invent a breakthrough in artificial intelligence, so machines can learn," Mr. Gates responded, "that is worth 10 Microsofts." (Quoted in NY Times, Monday March 3, 2004)

No. 1: AI at human level in 10-20 year time frame· Sergey Brin & Larry Page

(independently, when asked to name the top 5 areas needing research. Google Faculty Summit, July 2007)

ENIAC: The beginning of computing age (1946)

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Three fundamental questions in our age

Origin of the Universe Origin of life Nature of intelligence

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Along with molecular biology, AI is regularly cited as the “field I would most like to be in” by scientists in other disciplines

The age before AI

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I propose to consider the question: “Can machines think?” --Alan Turing, 1950

1956: A new field is born

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We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.

- Dartmouth AI Project Proposal; J. McCarthy et al.; Aug. 31, 1955.

1997: Deep blue

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I could feel human-level intelligence across the room -Gary Kasparov, World Chess Champion (human)

vs.

2005: Cars drive themselves

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Stanley and three other cars drive themselves over a 132 mile mountain road

2005: Robots play soccer

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2006: AI Celebrates its Golden Jubilee…

1956: A new field is born We propose that a 2 month, 10

man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.

- Dartmouth AI Project Proposal; J. McCarthy et al.; Aug. 31, 1955.

Visual object recognition

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Sample images from the PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge

Aeroplanes Bicycles Birds Boats Buses Cars

Cats Trains Cows Chairs Dogs Horses

Action recognition

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Sample video frames from the TRECVID video surveillance evaluation

Autonomous robot

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Mars Exploration Rover Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR)

Medical diagnosis

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..and thankfully You step in

to take CS 480/580Welcome!

What we will do?

Major AI topics: problem-solving by search, constraint satisfaction problems, logic reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, planning, machine learning

Practical implementation, such as 8-puzzle

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Next class

Intelligent agent architecture Read Chapter 2 of AIMA

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