csc1201: programming language 2 lecture 1 level 2 course nouf aljaffan (c) 2012 - csc 1201 course at...

Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

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CSC1201: Programming Language 2

Lecture 1

Level 2 Course


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C++ OVERVIEW


“Hello World” program#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main ()

{

cout << “Hello World\n”;

Return 0;

}

include information from the standard input/output library, iostream.

The instruction is more properly called a “preprocessor” instruction

The # hash character starts the line to denote a preprocessor instruction.

library name must be enclosed by < and > angled brackets.

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“Hello World” program using namespace std; The second line of the program makes all the functions within the

iostream library available for use by their standard names, which are in the namespace std. One of these is a function named cout that is used to write the output from a program.

int main () In the function declaration the data type is specified as int, meaning

integer. This means that after executing its statements this function must return an integer value to the operating system.

The braces { } contain the statements to be executed by the program.

The final statement in the main function Return a value of zero to the operating system to indicate that the program executed correctly.

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DATA TYPES


DATA TYPES

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RESERVED WORDSKey Words

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ESCAPE SEQUENCES

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Declaring and Initializing Variables

To declare variables for example◦ int first, second;

◦ char ch;

◦ double x;

◦ bool flage;

To declare and initialize variables for example◦ int first = 13, second = 10;

◦ char ch = ‘A’;

◦ double x = 12.6;

◦ bool flage = true;

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Input (Read) Statement

The syntax of cin together with >> is:

cin >> variable >> variable >> ……….;

◦For example:

cin >> first >> second;

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OutputThe syntax of cout together with << is:

cout << expression or manipulator << expression or manipulator ……….;

The expression is evaluated and its value is printed at the current insertion point on the output device.

A manipulator is used to format the output. The simplest manipulator is endl.

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Working with String The C++ <string> class provides methods to manipulate

strings of text. This is an example of Declaring and initializing a string

variable

#include <string>#include <iostream>using namespace std;

int main(){ string str = "C++ is fun";

…………}

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Control Structures

IF statement:if (condition){ statement(s);}

IF Else statement:if (condition){ statement(s); ← True Branch}else{ statement(s); ← False Branch}

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Example : If statement#include <iostream>


int main()

{

int num=2;

bool flag=0;

if( (num==2) && (flag) )

{

cout << "The first test is true\n";

}

else if( (num==2) && (!flag) )

{

cout << "The second test is true\n";

}

return 0;

}

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Switch Structures

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Example: Switch Structures#include <iostream>


int main()

{

}

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char letter;

cout << "Enter any a-z character: "; cin >> letter;

switch(letter) { case 'a' :

cout << "Letter \'a\' found\n"; break;

case 'b' : cout << "Letter \'b\' found\n"; break;

case 'c' : cout << "Letter \'c\' found\n"; break;

default : cout << "Letter is not a, b or c\n"; } return 0;


Relational Operators in C++

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Logical Operators in C++

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While looping Structure

While (condition)

{

statement(s);

}

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Example: While loop#include <iostream>


int main()

{

int i=0;

while( i<=20 )

{

cout << i << " ";

i = i + 5 ;

}

cout << endl;

return 0;

}

output: 0 5 10 15 20


For looping Structure for (expression1; condition;

expression2) { statement(s) }

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Example: For Loop#include <iostream>using namespace std;

int main(){int i,num;

cout<<"enter any number: ";cin>>num;for ( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ ){cout << endl << num << "*“ << i << "=“ << num*i << endl;}

return 0;}

Output : enter any number : 11*1=11*2=21*3=3..

csc1201: programming language 2 lecture 1 level 2 course nouf aljaffan (c) 2012 - csc 1201 course at...

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syntax of cout

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c overview nouf aljaffan

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