csiro food futures flagship nuffield australia autumn tour · csiro food futures flagship nuffield...
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CSIRO Food Futures Flagship Nuffield
Australia Autumn Tour
Bruce LeeDirector, Food Futures FlagshipOctober 25th, 2009
Food Futures Flagship
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Agrifood Challenges
• Adverse climatic conditions
• Sustainability – reducing agriculture’s
• Oil & fertiliser costs
• Commodities & need to differentiate
• Increased Production
• Meeting needs of a changing & ageing population
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Multidisciplinary Approach
• Large Investments >$50m p.a
• 11 Business Units CSIRO
• Universities/Institutes (Locally, Globally)
• Collaboration Fund
• Partnerships
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Food Futures Themes
Breed Engineering
Designed Food & Biomaterials
Quality Biosensors
Future GrainsGrain based
foods and feed
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Vision
• Differentiate grains through quality attributes• Reduce health care costs by increasing healthy grains
consumption
• Lowering input costs• Reduce nitrogen and phosphorous fertiliser costs• Lowering greenhouse gas emissions
• Increasing productivity• 50% more mouths to feed by 2050• Potential for $1 billion p.a. increase in value of the grains
industry by 2020
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Strategy
Develop grains in high yielding varieties delivering health and product quality benefits
Reduced Risk:
-Cardiovascular disease-Type II diabetes-Colorectal cancer
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Starch Synthesis Genes
ADPglucose
Amylose
GBSSI
Amylopectin
SSI
SSIII
BEI
BEIIb
SSIIa
BEIIa
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Standard barley
…..GACAACATGGAGTGGAACCCTGAGGTGG…..
BARLEYmaxTM
…..GACAACATGGAGTGAAACCCTGAGGTGG…..Starch Synthase IIa Gene Suppressed
0 5000
Base Pairs
10000
BARLEYmaxTM DNA change is known
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StarchProteinLipidsSugarFibreMinerals
BARLEYmax™ composition
Barley BARLEYmax™
102030405060 10 20 30 40 50 60% %
Early Delivery – BARLEYmax™
BARLEYmax Breakfast Cereals – in Supermarkets
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
BARLEYmaxControl Barley
Gly
cem
ic In
dex
Gly
cem
ic L
oad
Less Than Half The Glycemic Load
0
5
10
15
Control BARLEYmaxD
ieta
ry F
ibre
(g/s
erve
)
More Than TwiceThe Fibre
Reduced Glycemic Index
BARLEYMaxTM
"I am 44 years old and have HATED cereals my whole life. I have tried to eat them but they make me feel sick. I am struggling with several health issues, chronic pain
condition, overweight and chronic constipation. Within a week I had moved my bowels without pain. I have worried about bowel cancer with the constipation. I
cannot thank you enough. I am also finding I am losing weight because I am not snacking because I am not hungry!"
Kathleen W. Queensland
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Colorectal Cancer
* Source: Cancer in Australia 2001 (AIHW & AACR 2004)
** Source: Global cancer statistics 2002
JapanAustralia/NZNorthern AmericaWestern EuropeNorthern EuropeSouthern EuropeEastern EuropeSouth AmericaPolynesiaCaribbeanChinaSouth-Eastern AsiaSouthern AfricaWestern AsiaCentral AmericaMelanesiaEastern AfricaNorthern AfricaWestern AfricaSouth Central AsiaMiddle Africa
Incidence Worldwide *Mortality in Australia
• 66 to 75% of bowel cancer cases could be prevented by eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
StomachKidney
BladderUnknown site
NHLLung
MelanomaProstate
BreastColorectal
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Resistant Starch [“RS”] & Bowel Cancer
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50
Large bowel cancer incidence (cases/100,000)
Estim
ated
RS
inta
ke (g
/day
)
assidy et al 1994
USAust.
Native South Africans: high diet corn mealcontaining RS, low fibre intakes
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Resistant Starch Wheat High Amylose Grain
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 50 100 150
Elution volume
Glu
cose
con
cent
ratio
n
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 50 100 150
Elution volume
Glu
cose
con
cent
ratio
n
75%Amylose
Positive changes in key bowel health biomarkers in two separate rat feeding trials.
No negative impacts observed
High Amylose flour
Normal wheat flour
OGTR Approval Granted for Human Health Trial
25%Amylose
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Other Pipeline Products
• Cereal non-starch polysaccharides (NSP): arabinoxylan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan
• Low GI Rice• High Fructan Cereal Grains
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• Coeliac Friendly Barley
• Gluten Triggers auto immune reaction in coeliacs
• 5% population are coeliac sufferers
• 2014 commercialisation < 20ppm of gluten
Gluten:WheatRyeBarley
+=
Coeliac Disease: Lifelong immune disease due to dietary gluten
Other Pipeline Products
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Ultra Low Gluten Beer
Low Hordein Barley Developed
Hordein Levels in Beer 20x Lower than the Limit for Celiacs
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Short and Long Omega-3 Fats
• EPA and DHA: long-chain omega-3 fats found in fish and algae
• Many health benefits associated with adequate intake of EPA and DH
C22:6 (DHA)O
HO∆4 ∆7 ∆10 ∆13 ∆16 ∆19
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LC-Omega-3 PUFA Biosynthesis
18:118:0
20:5
22:6
22:5
18:2 α−18:3ManyPlants
18:4SDASomePlants
Metabolic Engineering Solutions Required to Bridge the Elongation/Desaturation Gap
Humans
DHA
EPA
TargetCompounds
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Metabolic Tailoring: Modifying EPA/DHA Ratios
Tuna oil
Plant oil(fish oil profile)
Plant oil(tuna oil profile)
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Consumer Engagement
Critical and early on
Australia and key markets (USA)
Consumer preference for GM “one step removed”
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Crop Yield and Consumer Attributes
Critical to stack speciality / value add and grain quality traits in high yielding genetic backgrounds
Some Examples . . .
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Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and Phosphate Use Efficiency (PUE)
• Transferring genes for nitrogen uptake into wheat and barley
• Same yield at less nitrogen
Control + NUE
Increased Yields
GWD CONTROL GWD CONTROL GWD
20cm
20cm
20cm
20cm
20cm
GWD Control
130%Yield (T/Ha)
119 %Seed Yield/plant (g)
112 %Seed Weight (g)
125 %Heads/Plant
% Increase over control
A unique resource for high resolution gene mapping and genomics.
Very high levels of recombinationLarge population Sizes (6000)
Multiple Founders (4 and 8 way population) provide allelic diversity
Interactionsbetween quality and yield phenotypes can be
rigorously examined
Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross “MAGIC”
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
Bar
leyM
ax
Inst
rum
ents
, Ric
e
RS
Whe
at, L
ow G
lute
n B
eer
Fruc
tans
, Pre
miu
m Q
ualit
y W
heat
Om
ega-
3 C
anol
a, L
ives
tock
, A
quaf
eeds
, Low
Pro
t. W
heat
Hig
h Fi
bre
Whe
at
GW
D Y
ield N
UE
AU
D$
p.a
(mill
ions
)
Mature Optimistic
Risk Adjusted
Value Prediction Models
Theme Goal
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Breeding
Apply advanced genetic technology to enhance the rate of progress
Health
Product quality
Environment
Nutrition Genetics
Time (Years)
Prod
uctio
n ef
ficie
ncy
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os indicus (recipient)nferior meat quality thrives in opical Northern Australia
os Taurus (donor)uperior meat quality poor survival n tropical Northern Australia
Improved growth rate yield and meat quality
Testis Cell Transfer in Cattle
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Global aquaculture rapid growth for 50 yearsAquaculture – fastest growing global food sector since the 1950s
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Aquaculture Breed Enhancement
• Selective breeding
• Molecular genetics
• Virology & health
• Reproductive sterility
• Food quality
CMAR, CLI, FSA
Partners: APFA, FRDC, GCMA, Seafarm Pty Ltd, AIMS, QDPIF
Prawns• Selective breeding
• Molecular genetics
• Sex pre-selection
• Health •Vaccine development•Disease resistance
Partners: Aquafin CRC, FRDC, TSGA, SALTAS, Tassal Group, HuonAquaculture
CMAR, CLI, CMIS
Atlantic salmon• Selective breeding
• Molecular genetics
• Reproductive sterility
• Food quality
CMAR, CLI, FSAPartners: Tasmanian Selected Abalone, Abalone Aquaculture, Abalone Farms Aust., Aust. Ocean Biotechnology, Cold Gold
Abalone
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Early delivery - Prawn Farm Harvest Yields
0
5
10
15
20
Gold Coast Marine Aquaculture
Tonn
es p
er h
ecta
re
WildAverage
12.8 t/ha
7.6 t/ha5.0 t/ha
Wild best
FFFBreeds
Tonn
es p
er h
ecta
re
0
5
10
15
20
Target: 20 t/haBy 2020 via breedsand novel feeds
20.0 t/ha
15 t/ha
5.0 t/ha
WildAverage
FFFBreeds
FFFBreeds & Feeds
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Wild Harvest Fishmeal
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
1983 1985 1990 1995 2005
Global fishmeal production
aquaculture feed productiontonn
es (t
hous
ands
)
20081999
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Convert Low Value Carbon to Marine Proteins and Oils “Biofeed”
Novel Aquafeeds technology
Tank Trials1. Production in tanks
Raw materials: waste carbon2. Feed trials
3. Dried to produce ingredient
Protein content: 30%Marine Oil content: 5%
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Prawn Growth Response to Novel Aquafeed
38%24%
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Ridley Basal 5% incl. 10% incl.
Diet
Growth (g wk-1)
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Novel Feed Ingredients & Nutrition
Bioconversion
Formulation
Sensor based feeding technology
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Potential to Expand ?
Study area:13,200,000 m haPotentially suitable:1,700,000 m ha
#
#
Cape YorkKakadu
Bonaparte
Lagrange
Carnarvon
Kununurra Darwin
RoperGulf
SE Qld
N Qld
NSW
Central Qld
Qld: 594,000 haNT: 528,000 haWA: 516,000 ha
Current industry: 1,000 ha4,000 MT $60MIndustry target: 5,000 ha25,000 MT $375M
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Waste to Combat Wastage?
• Person in their mid nineties in 2050 - different physical status from one in 2009
- physically more active
- will have different nutritional requirements [muscle wastage]
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Technology PartnershipA MIP is prepared in the form of a monolith or particles in the presence of template molecules (target) to create template specific recognition sites in a polymer matrix.
template
porogen crosslinker
Templateextraction
rebinding
Functionalmonomers
Pre-polymerization complex
Initiator,60º C
Template boundpolymer
Template specificbinding site
Most common MIP format (monolith / block polymer)
OO
OO
Bioactives for Ingredients and Foods
Complex Waste Stream
OH
NNH2
H
O O
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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs)
Binding Affinity to New MIP’s
Health Substantiationof new polyphenolanalogues
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Consumer & WineCapturing information about
what consumer values -
Grapes for Wine FlavourUnderstanding how genetics
or vineyard manipulationscan deliver on specifications
Cybernose®
A practical tool to measurearoma & flavour & adherence
to specifications
AWRI/ & Wine-maker collaborationsMaking wines to con-sumer specifications
Wine Value Chain
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• Consistent and predictable style and quality
• Avoiding taints, contaminants and off flavours
• Maximising price point• From a raw material
that is far from consistent using a biological process that is variable
Quality BiosensorsWinemakers want to be able to make wine to a precise flavour and aroma specification
BmOr22 NDBmOr17
BmOr8 *BmOr21HvCr19
BmOr20HvCr21BmOr19 ****BmOr12 ****
BmOr15 ***BmOr13 ***
HvCr8BmOr29 ND
BmOr27 ** BmOr36 **
BmOr4 **BmOr9 **
HvCr13BmOr1 ****
BmOr5 ***BmOr7
HvCr14HvCr15
HvCr16HvCr6
HvCr11BmOr3 ****
BmOr6 ***BmOr40 **
BmOr24 *BmOr25HvCr12BmOr11 **
HvCr7 BmOr23
HvCr9BmOr42
BmOr32 NDBmOr14 *
HvCr20BmOr28 *HvCr18
BmOr33 *** BmOr34 ***BmOr30 **BmOr37 ND
BmOr39 NDBmOr38 ND
BmOr35 ***BmOr16 **
BmOr26 *HvCr17
HvCr10BmOr31 *BmOr41 **
BmOr10 ***BmOr18 **
HvCr3BmOr2 ****SeOr2HvOr2AiOr2
0.5 Changes
Male Biased(exceptions areBmOr9 & HvCr6)
99100
100
100
69
89
99
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
91
Female Biased
Female Biased
Novel Receptors Identified