csr initiatives in kirandul - nmdc · 4.3 vocational training during 2009-10 to 2015-16 30 4.4...

CONTENTS

Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………….2

1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 3

2. Statement of the Problem. ….……………………………………………………….4

3. Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………. 4

4. Study Area and Methodology ……………………………………………………. 5

5. Steel Consumption in India – A Brief …………………………………………..6

6. Steel Consumption in villages ……………………………………………………..7

7. Major Observations and Suggestive ……………………………………………10

7.1 Employment Potentials ………………………………………………………………10

7.2 Designs and Structural Changes …………………………………………………10

7.3 Convergence with Government Programs ………………………………….10

7.4 Skill upgradation and Training …………………………………………………..11

7.5 Rural Entrepreneurship and Micro-marketing Systems …………….12

7.6 Propagation of Steel against Plastic Invasion …………………………….12

7.7 Strengthen Supply-Chain and Retail Marketing Networks …………13

7.8 Addressing Uncover Issues ………………………………………………………..14

8. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………... 15

9. References ……………………………………………………………………………….. 15

A Report on

Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives in Kirandul

(Integrated Village Development and Hospital on Wheels)

Submitted to

NMDC Ltd., Hyderabad

Centre for CSR, PPP & PA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT & PANCHAYATI RAJ

(Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 30

February 2017

Impact Assessment of NMDC’s CSR Initiatives

National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India).

CONTENTS

Chapter

No

Title Page

No.

Executive Summary i - ii

I Introduction 1

II NMDC’s CSR Initiatives – An

Overview

9

III Profile of the Study Area 16

IV Integrated Village Development (IVD) 26

V Hospital on Wheels (HoW) 46

VI Summary of Findings and

Recommendations

56

Summary 64



List of Tables

Table No. Title of the Table Page No.

1.1 Distribution of Sample Size of Related Beneficiaries in the Study Area

7

2.1 Status of Projects Implementation – Hospital on Wheel Service (HoW) and Integrated Village Development Program (IVD)

11

2.3 List of Assistance Provided under IVD to the Villages. 13

3.1 Dantewada District at Glance 18

3.2 Age Classification of Sample Respondents 20

3.3 Educational Status of Sample Respondents 20

3.4 Occupational Status of Sample Respondents 21

3.5 Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondents 22

3.6 Land Ownership among the Respondents 23

3.7 Livestock among the Respondents 24

4.1 Input support under IVD during 2009-15. 28

4.2 Irrigation Infrastructure created during 2009-15 29

4.3 Vocational Training during 2009-10 to 2015-16 30

4.4 Education Support during 2009-10 to 2015-16 31

4.5 Source of Information about the NMDC-IVD Initiatives 32

4.6 Cultivation of Major Crops cultivating in the study area 34

4.7 Shifting of cropping patterns among the farmers 34

4.8 Attended cultivation Training Program by the farmers 36

4.9 How far the learning could improve cultivation practices 38

5.1 Daily Schedule for Vehicle Movement for HoW 49

5.2 Sex and Age Group of HoW Beneficiaries 52

5.3 Source of Information about the NMDC-HoW Initiatives 53

5.4 Accessibility to Place of Halt 53



List of Chart

Chart No. Title of the Chart Page No.

2.1 Organisational Structure of Project Implementation Team of Shamayita Math

10

3.1 Education level of the Sample Respondent 21

3.2 Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondent 22

4.1 Training to the Farmers on Croup Cultivation 36

4.2 Knowledge earned on new cultivation methods 37

.43 Level of Satisfaction 39

4.4 Training required 39

4.5 Overall impact on Agriculture after NMDC Intervention 40

4.6 Training program Impact on women 41

4.7 Opinion of the Parents on Education facilities 42

4.8 Satisfaction of quality of nutrition supply 43

5.1 Type of Diseases Treated during 2009 - 2016 50

5.2 Level of Satisfaction on Timings 54

5.3 Satisfaction on HoW Medicines and Services 54


National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). i

Executive Summary

Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (NMDC)– a Navratna company, serves the interests of the society by taking responsibility for the impact of its business. As part of CSR, NMDC has taken up multifarious initiatives and has implemented several development projects in the focus areas like education, cultural development, potable drinking water and sanitation, health care, skill development, livelihoods support, agriculture and infrastructure development etc., in mines exploration areas and other neighboring areas as part of its obligation. As a special initiative, NMDC is implementing two programmes viz., a) Integrated Village Development (IVD) and b) Hospital on Wheels (HoW) through a philanthropical organisation, called as Shamayita Math. Since these two programs are considered as vital, NMDC has approached the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRDPR), under Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India to conduct an Impact Assessment (IA) study. The study team has thoroughly investigated among all the facets of Integrated Village Development program is being implemented since 2009. To assess the ground realities, the study team has conducted Focus Group Discussions in the selected 15 villages where both IVD and HoW programmes were under implementation and had interactions with 75 IVD beneficiaries and 75 HoW beneficiaries. Further the researcher has used check lists and questionnaires to collect primary data from the beneficiaries of the villages and the officials of both NMDC and Shamayita Math.

Integrated Village Development (IVD):

The Integrated Village Development has been visualized in terms of developmental challenges that aims to enhance overall income of the poor families residing in the study area by improving their farming systems through innovative approaches and modern system of cultivation practices. Under this program, three major segments were considered viz. a) agriculture development practices such as exposure visits of the farmers for upgrading their skills and knowledge, supplying of seed, inputs and agricultural implements, livestock improvement, infrastructure development that includes supply of pump sets, sprinklers and drip irrigation systems, fencing material etc. were considered to support farming communities, b) Vocational Training for women SHGs, youth and farmers on organic farming practices and processing and marketing of Non Timber Forest Produces (NTFP) and its value additions, and c) Education support systems that ensures quality education with the support of Tutors, supplying of learning material and provision of nutritional supplements to the students in the study areas.

The Integrated Village Development program in these selected villages gave boost to prefer changing of cultivation patterns from traditional cultivation method to modern systems even for other food and cash crops. This is one of the major shifts among the farmers in their cultivation patterns and major initiative by the NMDC through Shamayita Math. The study results from the field showing that the development of agriculture in the villages where the IVD and HoW programs are under implementation, is not only improving but also reducing poverty among the tribal households. Based on the field study, NMDC has focused on different IVD initiatives in the Kuakonda block of Dantewada district. The study has indicated positive results of the initiatives and recommends that NMDC can continue these initiatives with more specific operational manuals for the areas like Agriculture


National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). i

Development, livelihoods sustainability among the youth and women and better education facilities to the children in the programme implementation villages.

Further to inculcate the knowledge and skills among the women and youth, the NMDC has identified various trades that could easily reach the tribal beneficiaries in the operational areas such as mushroom cultivation, snacks (mixture, potato chips, etc.) preparation, pani-puri preparation and vending, tailoring, broom-binding, tamarind packaging and mini poultry farming etc.

The Educational Support is yet another important initiative under IVD program of NMDC to make the right to education meaningful and seeks to enable and promote quality education for all tribal children in the programme implementation villages. The Shamayita Math distributes nutritious tiffin and Horlicks drink mixed with hot water to the tribal students of adopted schools every day in the study area. The Math also provides the learning material to the students to improve their learning abilities.

Hospital on Wheels (HoW):

NMDC’s health care intervention provide basic and urgent medical aids to every suffering tribal inhabitants at their respective villages through the program on Hospital on Wheels (HoW). The Hospital on Wheels is an innovative mobile health care unit that stocked with latest medical equipment and manned by qualified Doctors and para-medical staff including Two Nurses, ANM in a specially designed ambulance van and travel through its operation areas of Kuakonda block of Chhattisgarh state. It provides utmost medical care to the patients at their door-steps. Earlier, the tribal people used to go to Badde (Shamen) for treatments. The result of HoW program is that the present day tribal generation is accepting modern healthcare facilities and also convincing their elders also to follow the allopathic treatments given by NMDC Limited. Many of the villagers are also now accepting that after the intervention of HoW, the health conditions of villagers are improved and they do healthy practices in their villages. It is one of the good achievement by the NMDC through HoW initiatives.

Since the study has indicated positive results of the initiatives and has direct

influence on the development of tribal beneficiaries, it is recommended that NMDC may continue these programmes viz., IVD and HoW, with specific operational manuals. With its potentiality and strength, these programmes can become live successful models for the inclusive development in the country.

*******************


National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad (India). 1

CHAPTER: I

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Genesis:

The present century is characterized by unprecedented challenges and

opportunities arising from globalization, the desire for inclusive development and the

imperatives of climatic change. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) now becomes

the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making and the

honoring of a triple bottom line – People, Planet and Profit. Though CSR has a long

tradition in India, it is a mounting concept came into prominence in public debate that

encourages organisations to consider the interest of society by taking responsibility for

the impact of the organisation’s activities on customers, employees, shareholders,

communities and the environment in all aspects of its operations. This commitment is

witnessed with the National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) Limited while

extending beyond the statutory obligations to comply with legislation and sees

organisations voluntarily taking further steps to improve the quality of life for

employees and their families as well as for the local community and society at large.

1.2 The Approach to Inclusive Rural Development:

The Corporate Social Responsibility is fundamentally a philosophy or a vision

about the organic relationship of business and the society. Social responsibility as it is

viewed as an ethical or ideological theory, there is a large inequality in the means and

roles of different entities whether it is a corporation, government, non-government

organisation or individual to fulfil their claimed responsibility. The challenge today is to

identify CSR priorities and incentives that are meaningful in their national context, and

to play a role in strengthening appropriate local initiatives. There is a significant

opportunity to harness enthusiasm for CSR to help achieve its goal of reducing poverty

through “Tri-Sector Partnership: Government, Corporates and NGOs” uniting to help

rural India to eradicate poverty. It is believed that such congregating approach will

provide a potential answer to the sort of external help that can give rise to the social

responsibilities of the corporate houses which are actively involved in the upliftment of

the rural poor. Further, it would throw a light on facilitating the development processes

by ensuring people’s involvement on public spending and partnership with private



players for triumphing inclusive development in the rural areas. Much of the Indian

companies do practice of CSR, an important component of sustainability or responsible

business, which is a larger idea, a fact that is evident from various sustainability

frameworks. Since corporate social responsibility and sustainability are so closely

entwined, it can be said that corporate social responsibility and sustainability is a

company’s commitment to its stakeholders to conduct business in an economically,

socially and environmentally sustainable manner that is transparent and ethical. The

Brundtland Commission’s Report (1987) defines (corporate) sustainability is derived

from the concept of “sustainable development” as ‘development that meets the needs of

the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own

needs’. It essentially refers to the role that companies can play in meeting the agenda of

sustainable development and entails a balanced approach to economic progress, social

progress and environmental stewardship. As it is evident from the various definitions of

CSR put forth by the global organisations the notion of CSR and sustainability seems to

be converging.

1.3 Getting involved in Robust CSR

With the advent of new Companies Act, 2013, there is a growing realization that

the corporates should contribute to social activities with an immediate desire to

improve the country and its environment where they work and many companies are

taking keen interest in such activities. Companies that pay genuine attention to the

principles of social responsibility are also favoured by the public who prefer to consume

their goods and services. This has given rise to the concept of Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR). By Social Responsibility, we mean a doctrine that claims that an

entity whether it is state, government, corporation, organization or individual has a

responsibility to the society. According to Mr. Narayana Murthy, Founder of Infosys

‘Social Responsibility is to create maximum shareholders value working under the

circumstances, where it is fair to all its stakeholders, workers, consumers, the

community, government and the environment'. Commission of the European

Communities (2001) stated that being socially responsible means not only fulfilling

legal expectations, but also going beyond compliance and investing ‘more' into human

capital, the environment and the relation with stakeholders. NMDC also believes in

these lines by providing a better quality of life for communities residing in the vicinity



of its mines, plants and facilities etc. The company comprehensively addresses the

problem of rehabilitation of distressed families with adequate compensations, housing

and employment to the extent feasible. Creation of infrastructure in the surrounding

villages for communication, education, health care and drinking water gets priority in

the periphery development plans of the Company. Community participation in

innovative farming, pisciculture, social forestry and sanitation programs apart,

encouragement to sport, art, culture and literature are all part of NMDC’s deep

involvement as a responsible corporate citizen. As a policy, NMDC has been allocating

and spending a huge sum for peripheral development activities in their respective

mines areas every year. This is mainly to improve performance on environmental and

social aspects, however, over the time it become a common benchmark for evaluating in

terms of competitive performance on sustainable development and terms as specified in

the Sustainable Development Framework (SDF) for the Corporate (mining) Sector. The

National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR) evaluates the

ground realities, issues and perceptions with regard to the CSR initiatives of NMDC and

different activities associated with it in the operational areas i.e. Kuakond block of

Chattisgarh State. It also adopts a participatory approach involving consultation and

discussion with different stakeholder groups in the study area.

1.4 Need for Impact Assessment Study:

NMDC’s twin special initiatives of a) Integrated Village Development (IVD) and b)

Hospital on Wheels (HoW) are need based and have very important role in the

development of tribal villages in its project/operational areas. These two programs are

being managed by an elaborate Program Management System (PMS) with the support

of a philanthropic organisation for rural development and spiritual centre named

‘Shamayita Math’, based at Kolkatta. This PMS involves the primary stakeholders like

the community and their organisations, the service agencies like NGOs, the District

Administration, the Tribal Development Departments, State Agriculture and Animal

Husbandry departments at the field level.

For enhancing livelihoods of the rural poor under Integrated Village Development

Program (IVD), various natural resources management activities like land and water

management, agricultural and horticulture development, aquaculture and plantation

etc., have been taken up in the affected / backward blocks of Dantewada district in



Chhattisgarh state. The program implementation agency has adopted the different

management approach as a platform to ensure ownership by the targeting beneficiaries.

Health Care has been considered as a major thrust area in the region which

affected very badly through communicable and non-communicable diseases and even

by extremism in the area. NMDC has given special attention on the health care

initiatives by introducing ‘Hospital on Wheels’ scheme. This has also been implemented

through ‘Shamayita Math - Kolkatta’ by engaging qualified doctors, para-medical staff

and volunteers. Since these initiatives are implemented from the year 2009, it is felt

necessary to evaluate through third party so as to know the real impact of these two

initiatives of the company and that would help to improve and extend other areas if

required.

1.5 Objectives of the Study:

The overall objectives of the study is to examine direct and indirect outcomes,

impacts and to assess the effectiveness of complete range of NMDC’s interventions and

institutions on the resources, lives and livelihoods of its target communities especially

the poor in the program areas, the following are some of the indicative research

questions to substantiate main objectives pertaining to the initiatives concerned:

I. Integrated Village Development (IVD) initiatives-

a) Agriculture & Farm Based Initiatives

What is the survival rate of fruit bearing tree planted through IVD

Project?

What is the role of induction training plots in promotion of new farm

practices?

How far the supply of all farm implements includes sprinkler and drip

irrigation systems and its appropriate use by the selected farm

households?

What is the level of water consumption and conservation mechanisms?

To what extent the NMDC’s CSR funds served to improve production,

productivity and cultivation processes for the products of Paddy, Maize,

Pulses, Mustard, Wheat and Vegetable cultivation in the selected villages?



What are changes in crops and cultivation techniques?

Increase in the irrigated land, crops and income?

What is the effect of livelihoods initiatives of fish culture, mini poultry and

livestock activities?

Overall, whether IVD initiative in the area of operations is benefited the

rural farmers, households and communities on a sustainable basis?

What are the suggestive measures for better utilization of CSR funds and

effective involvement of public on the success of projects?

b) Vocational Training (SHGs, Vermi-compost & Marketing of NTFP):

The total number of trainings, exposure visits and demonstrations done?

What is the effectiveness of vocational training programs for Women

SHGs, Vermi-compost preparations?

No of SHGs are functional, linked with banks, their total annual

transection and savings?

What are the methods adopted and technical knowledge / skills imparted

during training for process and value additions of NTFPs in the area?

Whether the trainees could able to create market demand?

What is the percentage of income of trainees raised through various

trainings?

What is the ultimate impact of vocational training initiatives on NTFP and

its value addition possibilities?

c) Education Support and Initiatives:

Total No of tutors, Anganwadi Assistants and Cook engaged?

What are the methods used by tutors for teaching the students?

What is the quantum of nutrition supplement provided to each student?

What is the quality and cost of learning material supplied to the student?

How far exposure visit help the students in their studies?

The impact of education supports provided in the project areas and status

of pupil’s attendance and attrition rate?



What is the level of learning of students from various classes? In terms of

language, science and mathematics?

What is the overall effectiveness of initiatives on primary and secondary

education

Suggestive measures, if any?

II. Hospital on Wheels (HoW) initiatives:

What is the periodicity of HoW (how often villages are visited)?

What is the level of accessibility to HoW initiatives by the poor and needy

in the beneficiary villages?

What is the average number of OPD patients per month?

Satisfaction level of patients- in terms of frequency of HoW visits, quality

services and the medicines?

Contingency plans in case of failure of non-availability of medical-

paramedical staff, vehicle breakdowns etc.

Gaps, opportunities and lessons in the current implementation, so as to

incorporate this into similar programs of other agencies?

What is the long term sustainability of the program outcomes / impacts

and suggest measures to achieve and maintain long-term sustainability?

What are challenges faced by the implementation agency and problem

solving mechanism

1.6 Methodology of the Study:

This research study mostly depend on the primary data collected through both

structured interview schedule after conducting pre-test and unstructured verbal

interview from the sample respondents of the selected villages for the study. However,

secondary information in regard to the study has also been taken from the

implementing officials concerned, including the evaluations conducted on the subject.

To attain the objectives, the researcher has glance through the range of economic,

social, cultural and geographical conditions with feasible representatives of tribal

beneficiaries in the sample districts. For the suitableness the researcher adopt

convenience sampling method to collect information from the universe (infinite) of



Kuakonda Block. The researcher also adopted Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to obtain

fair data / information from beneficiaries of all the Fifteen sample villages as given in

the table – 1.1.

1.7 Sampling & Data Collection

The present study has been conducted by identifying the villages where both the

schemes (IVD and HoW) are continuously in operation in Kuakonda Block of Dantewada

district in Chhattisgarh state. The table – 1.1 shows the distribution of sample size of

related beneficiaries in the study area.

Table – 1.1: Distribution of Sample Size of Related Beneficiaries in the Study Area.

Sl. No

Name of the Village Schemes & Sample IVD HoWs Total

1 Kadampal 5 5 10 2 Madadi 5 5 10 3 Perpa 5 5 10 4 Cholnar 5 5 10 5 Kalepal 5 5 10 6 Penta 5 5 10 7 Lendra 5 5 10 8 Palner 5 5 10 9 Maharahaurnar 5 5 10

10 Doriras 5 5 10 11 Gongpal 5 5 10 12 Hitawar 5 5 10 13 Shyamgiri 5 5 10 14 Khutepal 5 5 10 15 Badehadmamunda 5 5 10

Total Samples 75 75 150

As per information given by the NMDC officials, the implementation agency

Shamayita Math is working in 25 villages in the Kuakonda Block, of which 15 villages

are benefited under both the schemes. Thus, all the 15 villages are chosen for the study.

Prior to this, the evaluation team has conducted a pilot study to test the sample

questionnaires in the project area. For collection of primary data, the study has

considered 10 beneficiaries from each of the selected villages in the area (5

beneficiaries of IVD and 5 beneficiaries of HoW) and thus total of 150 households were

studied from the program areas. Further, due to time constraints, the researcher has

free hold in selecting the sample respondents and to get fair information from the

beneficiary groups. However, the samples have due representation from all the project

areas for which simple random method has been followed. Besides adequate qualitative



sample administered, focused on different stakeholders, theme areas and Focus Group

Discussions (FGD) held. Enumeration of data has been done through scheduled

questionnaires and separate checklists will also be used to get information from the

Sarpanch / Ward Members, Head Masters / Tutors, Anganwadi workers and Medical &

Para-medical team. However, the study methodology, sample size and data collection

tools has been finalized mutually with the officials of NMDC and NIRD & PR.

1.8 Chapterisation:

This field study report has been organized into six chapters.

The First Chapter serves as introduction, need, objectives and methodology

of this study.

The Second Chapter speaks about the overview of NMDC’s special CSR

initiatives along with brief review of literature related to this study.

The Third Chapter discuss about overall profile of the beneficiaries, their

livelihoods avenues, social and economic impact in the project region.

The Fourth Chapter analyses the project on ‘Integrated Village Development’

the quantum and multiplier effects of livelihoods, paths of entrepreneurship

and deeds, levels of their income, labour absorption and their perceptions on

the occupational shift, marketing networks and farm and non-farm/allied

employment etc.

Fifth Chapter thoroughly discusses the ‘Hospital on Wheels’ scheme with

cross sectional analysis of various stakeholders.

Finally, the Sixth Chapter presents the summary, recommendations and

conclusion of the report.

*******************



CHAPTER: II

NMDC’s CSR INITIATIVES – AN OVERVIEW 2.1 Introduction:

The National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (NMDC), a public sector

undertaking of the Ministry of Steel, Government of India is a largest producer and

exporter of Iron ore. With its Navaratna Status, NMDC has involved in exploration of

minerals like copper, rock phosphate, limestone, dolomite, gypsum, bentonite,

magnesite, diamond, tin, tungsten, graphite etc. in India and abroad. NMDC has been

taken up various initiatives and has implemented several CSR projects in the focus areas

like education, cultural development, potable drinking water & sanitation, Health care,

skill development, livelihood support, agriculture & infrastructure development etc. in

the mines exploration areas and other neighboring areas as part of its social

responsibility. The main goal of these initiatives is to empower farming community that

benefits downtrodden especially Scheduled Tribes population so as to enable them to

enhance their food security, to increase their income and improve overall quality of

their livelihoods. The major objectives are (i). To ensure the livelihoods and, (ii) food

security of the poor tribal households are sustainably improved through promoting a

more efficient, equitable, self-managed and sustainable exploitation of natural resources

and non-timber forest products (NTFP) available through off-farm and non-farm

enterprises development.

Of all those initiatives, Integrated Village Development Program (IVD) and

Hospital on Wheels scheme (HoW) have special attention and since these two programs

become vital, NMDC Limited has approached the National Institute of Rural

Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR) to conduct an impact assessment of the

CSR initiatives in the operational / project areas and other areas of its jurisdiction.

Accordingly, NIRDPR also consented to conduct the evaluation study through its Centre

for Corporate Social Responsibility, Public-Private Partnership and Peoples’ Action

(CSR, PPP & PA) by recognizing its rich contributions to the Corporate Giants and Public

Sector Undertakings in the rural development sector. The Centre CSR, PPP & PA at

present is functioning as ‘Nodal Centre’ for engaging the Leaders in business, Panchayati

Raj Functionaries, Government Development Administration, Non-Government

Organisations, Cooperative Societies, Voluntary agencies, Public and Private Sector



Enterprises and all other stakeholders in policy dialogue and advocacy for better

involvement of these players towards inclusive development of the country.

2.2 NMDC’s Special Initiatives:

NMDC Limited, by placing a strong emphasis on promoting participatory

processes, building community institutions, fostering self-reliance and respecting the

indigenous knowledge and values of Tribals of its operational areas in Chhattisgarh

state. These CSR initiatives adopts a flexible, non-perspective, process-oriented

approach to enable the stakeholders to determine the scope of Program activities, their

timing, pace and sequencing. The program has delivered through different program

components such as a) Capacity building and Education Institutional Development, b)

Livelihoods Enhancement through various Farm & Non-farm Practices, c) Support

policy initiatives, d) Development initiative fund and Enterprise promotion – NTFP and

e) Program management and handling of Primary Health Services etc. The

organisational structure of coordinating agency (Shamayita Math) for implementing

these twin special initiatives of NMDC is given below.

Chart – 2.1: Organisational Structure of Project Implementation Team of Shamayita Math

Source: Shamayita Math, Kirandul, Chhattisgarh.

Project Director (1)

(IVD)

Project Coordinator (1)

Assistant Project

Officer (1)

Senior Field

Cordinator (3)

Field Cordinator

(5)

Tutor & AST (152)

Tiffen maker (56)

Community Service

Providers

Account Officer (1)

Account Assistant

(1)

(HoW)

Project Coordinator (1)

Medical Officer (3)

Assistant Health

Coordinator (1)

Phacist (1)ANM/GN

M (4)

Lab Teechnician

(1)

Village Health Workers (18)



Table – 2.1: Status of Projects Implementation – Hospital on Wheel Service (HoW) and Integrated Village Development Program (IVD)

Sl. No

Village Name & Block Programme Implementation Period IVD HoW

I. Kuakonda Block

1 Kadampal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 2 Madadi IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 3 Perpa IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 4 Cholnar IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 5 Kalepal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 6 Penta IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 7 Lendra IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 8 Palner IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 9 Maharahaurnar IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16

10 Doriras IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 11 Gongpal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 12 Hitawar IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 13 Shyamgiri IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 14 Khutepal IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 15 Badehadmamunda IVD HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16

16 Dhurli --- HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16 17 Samalwar --- HoW 2010-11 to 2015-16

18 Kodenar IVD ---

19 Mailawada IVD ---

20 Peernar --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.)

21 Madkamiras --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.)

22 Gumiapal --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.)

23 Hiroli --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.)

24 Kutrem --- HoW* 2010 (April – Sept.)

25 Tikenpal IVD HoW** 2010-11 to May 2014

II. Katekalyan Block

26 Koriars IVD ---

27 Chotehadmamunda IVD ---

III. Dantewada Block

28 Kuper --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 29 Pandewar --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 30 Mangnar --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 31 Bhogam --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014 32 Kamaloor --- HoW*** 2010-11 to June 2014

Source: NMDC Ltd., Hyderabad.

* Activities stopped due to high sensitivity as interrogated by Govt forces during Sept.2010

** Stopped by Anti-Social from 06/05/2014 (at Tikanpal village).

*** Activities stopped due to Anti-social problem, from June, 2014.



The two special initiatives of NMDC Limited has been implemented by aiming at

directly benefiting the poor families of 32 villages spread across three development

blocks of Dantewada district in Chhattisgarh state that includes 11 villages where these

initiatives are stopped due to anti-social elements. The villages covered under both the

projects are given in the table – 2.1. The table also indicates that the IVD program is

continuing its operations in 20 villages and the HoW is under implementation in 17

villages.

2.3 Integrated Village Development (IVD):

The crucial development challenges are not only to reduce migration but also to

improve the farming conditions, both economic and social – and to account for the

poor’s aspirational and basic livelihood horizons. NMDC’s initiative of IVD has three

major segmental interventions viz.

a) Agriculture development that focus on Training to farmers in cultivations of Paddy,

Maize, Pulses, Mustard, Wheat and Vegetable with adequate support of providing

necessary agricultural implements, pump sets, sprinklers and drips for their

irrigation,

b) Vocational Training for farmers, women SHGs and youth on organic farming

practices and NTFP and its value additions and

c) Provision of quality education through assistance to the Schools, Teachers and

Students in the project areas.

The list of assistance provided to the project villages in different categories is given in

the table – 2.2.



Table-2.2: List of Assistance Provided under IVD to the Villages.

Sl. No.

Activities / Type of Assistance Unit Total Qty.

I. Agriculture & Farm Based Initiatives 1 Farmers Training (Exposure Visit) No. of Farmers 1,308 2 Inputs to Farmers 3 Paddy Cultivation No. of Farmers 367 4 Maize Cultivation No. of Farmers 415 5 Pulses Cultivation No. of Farmers 200 6 Mustard Cultivation No. of Farmers 139 7 Wheat Cultivation No. of Farmers 21 8 Vegetable Cultivation No. of Farmers 166 9 Plantation of Fruit bearing Trees 80 saplings/acre 1,100

10 Induction Training Plots 1 per village 17 11 Fencing support to farmers As required 53 12 Soil testing Each plot 100 13 Agriculture Implements Lumpsum/0.5 acr 20 14 Sprinkler System Each village 20 15 Drip system Each village 20 16 Harvesting pits 300m3 capacity 26 17 Check bund 3 18 Maintenance of harvesting pits & Ponds 50,000/each 4 19 Cost of Fish seedlings & feed 2000+2000/pond 21 20 Distribution of Fishing net/minor inputs 21 21 Mini poultry (Shed-5,000; Feed-2,000;

Chicks-1,500) 10

22 Livestock improvement awareness camps 6

II. Vocational Training 1 Nurturing and strengthening of women SGHs As per budget 56 2 Cost of service provider for livelihoods In select villages 10 3 Training to village women 20 4 Vermi compost training to SHGs 7 5 Vermi wash & Liquid organic manure 18 6 Distribution of biomass stove Each family 1008 7 Rigorous training & Production/Selling Unit for NTFP Each 20 8 Support money for NTFP processing, packing,

Selling/marketing Each / year 20

III. Education Support 1 Honorarium to Primary School Tutors Each/year 100 2 Honorarium to Middle School tutors Each/year 5 3 Honorarium to Anganwadi Assistants Each/year 80 4 Honorarium to Cook Each/year 104 5 Nutritious Tiffin supplement from WCCS Each school 180 6 Learning material support (WCCS) + soap distribution Each school /

Anganwadi 180

7 Teacher’s training (magic Bus) Lumpsum/school 0 8 Exposure visit to students (Class 3, 4, 5) Lumpsum/school 400 9 Cooking utensils for new schools (as required)

Vessels – Bucket -

64 94

Source: NMDC Ltd., Hyderabad.



2.4 Hospital on Wheels (HoW):

Protection of waterborne / airborne diseases and improvement of health status in

the rural areas is a prime social agenda of Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Since

proper management of water and sanitation is the precursor for good health index of

the people, NMDC handles the peripheral areas of nutrition and health management in

the villages and hence adopted the initiative of ‘Hospital on Wheels Scheme’ to the

needy tribal population resides in the project areas. The Shamayita Math delivers the

health services through mobile hospital units by deputing qualified doctors and para

medical staff that benefit the families of 32 villages in three different blocks namely

Kuakonda, Katekalyan and Dantewada of Dantewada district.

Now, over five years of operational challenges and coverage, it is necessary to

evaluate this program by examining all the aspects like capacity building initiatives,

livelihoods enhancement methods, enterprise promotion and financial services,

developmental initiatives of community assets and infrastructure, intended policies

related to Non-Timber Forest Produces (NTFPs) and its effective reach for the benefit of

the tribals in the project areas concerned. In general, it is significant to study the

organizational arrangements and administrative management of NMDC’s Programs as

merely a product of ‘push-and-pull’ economic factors for the better livelihoods of poor

tribal households in Chhattisgarh state.

2.5 Literature Review on CSR Initiatives

The ideology of CSR in the 1950’s was primarily based on the assumption of the

obligation of business to society. After independence, JRD Tata, who always laid a great

deal of emphasis to go beyond conducting themselves as honest citizen pointed out that

there were many ways in which industrial and business enterprises can contribute to

public welfare beyond the scope of their normal activities. With the recent introduction

of amendment to the Companies Act, 2013 the CSR is to spend mandatory on all the

private, public and public sector undertakings operating in India. The amount estimated

is growing each year with rise in the profits of the companies with the favourable

industrial environment and with the expected growth of the companies. Although India

is most favoured destination at the moment for investment in the international market,



we are living in a world surrounded with numerous problems related to environment

and society.

The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a means to sort out these problems to

some extent because business is a part of society. Earning more and more profits is a

natural phenomenon of every business unit but social responsibility is an obligation to

the people living inside and outside the business organizations. Business comes in

contact with various groups of society such as owners, employees, customers,

government, suppliers etc. The responsibility of business, which includes satisfaction of

these parties along with the owner, is called social responsibility of business. According

to Steiner “Social Responsibility implies recognition and understanding of the

aspirations of society and determination to contribute towards their achievements”. In

spite of its current popularity, there are several issues which remain pending and

corporate need to be aware about them.

2.6 Summary

Today, the society as a whole and media increasingly request companies to

consider social and environmental problems while doing business activities. CSR has

become one of the catchphrases of new millennium across the world and the corporate

as well as government must take care of it. At present, Government has also come as an

initiative to control those business activities which makes a harmful effect on the

society. The government is suggesting time to time to the business units that the

corporate should enact a framework related to CSR i.e. its areas, investment, activities

etc. and include them in the vision, mission and strategic planning. CSR typically

includes issues related to business ethics, community development, women

empowerment, environmental management, health care, education and skill

development, water management, mange the use of natural resources, human rights etc.

So, in order to get sustainable development and to survive in this competitive world, the

NMDC is stepping into demonstrate a close and good relationship with society.

*******************



CHAPTER: III

PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA 3.1 Introduction:

The Chhattisgarh is constituted as a 26th state that carved out from Madhya

Pradesh located in the central India. It is considered as a 10th largest state with an area

of 135,194 square kilometers and with a population of 28 million it ranked as densed

populated state of the country. The state has rich source for steel and electricity for

India, accounting for 15 per cent of the steel produced in the country. On 1st November,

2000, this state was formed with 16 Chhattisgarhi speaking south-eastern districts of

erstwhile Madhya Pradesh and currently the state comprises 27 districts. Raipur is the

capital of the state and largest populated among all the districts whereas Kawardha or

Kabirdham district has least in population. Chhattisgarh enjoys a unique culture,

peopled as it is by a number of tribes and communities, each with its distinct identity

and way of life. In spite of a number of tribes, its people share certain commonalities

and a philosophy which is central to many tribal cultures; the veneration of natural

resources – water, forests and land on which life is dependent – a regard for community

values and traditions, a practical recognition of the interdependence between different

communities and peoples, and a refreshing spirit.

Richly endowed with resources like forests and minerals (diamonds, gold, iron-

ore, coal, corundum, bauxite, dolomite, lime, tin and granite to name a few), the people

hold the earth and its forests in high regard and esteem. Over centuries, they have

evolved a way of life, which while dependent on these resources uses them in a

sustainable way. Indigenous knowledge regarding the growing of rice and herbal

medicines is well developed but is disappearing fast, due to the influx of modern

scientific practices and medicines as well as the absence of any documentation of these

valuable systems (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarh.). The Chhattisgarh State

is dominated by nearly 31.76 percent of people belong to scheduled tribes and 11.61

percent population belongs to Scheduled Castes and people belong to these two

categories are struggling in acute poverty.



3.2 Land Use Pattern & Agriculture Development Chhattisgarh is a State in which around 80 percent people are engaged in

agriculture and agro-based industry. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the

people. Rice is the main crop of the Chhattisgarh and cultivated in a large area.

Therefore, Chhattisgarh is known as "Bowl of Rice".



3.3 Brief Profile of Dantewada District

The present Dantewada district has come into existence in 1998. Previously it

was part of Bastar district, therefore it consists of all the Bastaria features. Dantewada

derives its name from the capital town of the district, named after the presiding deity of

the town “Maa Danteswari’. Dantewada district is located between18 D-56’-8” N latitude

and 81 D-20’-37” E longitude. The total area of the district is 549712 hectares. The

average rainfall of the district is 5468.1 mm (Table – 3.1). Dantewada district is the part

of Bastar Platue and has got all the topographic features of this platue. Dantewada

district is divided into 7 tehsils, 122 patwari circles, and 239 Gram Panchayats for

administrative purpose.

3.4 Forest Coverage

Dantewada is full of rich forest. Most common trees of this District are Sal, Mahua,

Tendu, Palas, Char, Bija, Harra, Bahera, Sisam, Kusum, Salya, Khair, Arun, Gamhar etc.

Firewood, furniture wood and mixed wood are also the forest produce of the district.

Table 3.1: Dantewada District at Glance

Sl. No

Particular Unit Statistics

(A) Geographical Data i) Latitude 18 D-56’-8” N ii) Longitude 81 D-20’-37” E iii) Geographical Area Hectares 549712

(B) Administrative Units i) Sub divisions NA

ii) Tehsils 7 iii) Sub-Tehsil NA

v) Patwar Circle 122 v) Panchayat Simitis 7

vii) Nagar Palika 2 viii) Gram Panchayats 239 xi) Revenue villages 504 x) Assembly Area 2

Population (A) Sex-wise i) Male 2011 2,63,562

ii) Female 2011 2,69,229 C) Education

(a) Primary school Nos. 1561 (b) Middle schools 265 Nos. 265 (c) Secondary & senior secondary schools

Nos. 42

Source: - District Information Commissionerate, Dantewada.



3.5 Socio-Economic Profile of the Sample Respondents

The socio-economic factors play vital role in the process of resource allocation to

various production activities for achieving income maximization. Land tenure and

ownership patterns, farm size, family size, allocation of labour within the family, custom

and religious factors, on-farm and off-farm employment opportunities, migration and

market and credit facilities are accounted for estimating and analyzing alternative

production. Thus, socio-economic factors govern to a large extent the actual agricultural

production process. The socio-economic development of the region is based on land

resources and water resources. Due to increase in population, these resources are over

stretched often leading to resource depletion. There is need to manage these delicate

resources. However, farming product is not only of physical condition, but both the

physical and socio-economic condition exerting influence on agriculture practice and its

production. Therefore, this chapter deals with the assessment of socio-economical

background of the study area, namely, age classification, educational status,

occupational structure, irrigation, livestock and their impact on land use pattern by the

sample respondents.

Study Team member Interviewing the Beneficiary

3.6 Classification of Age

Age has been considered as a factor for productive implementation of any

welfare schemes. From the table 3.2, one could understand that male youth group are

largely considered to take part in the Integrated Village Development program of

NMDC. Out of the total respondents 65 are male and ten are female beneficiaries which

reflects male dominated society prevails in the study area.



Table – 3.2: Age Classification of Sample Respondents

Sl. No Age group Sex No of Respondents

Male Female 1 20-30 22 4 26 (35%) 2 31-40 26 5 31 (41%) 3 41-50 15 1 16 (21%) 4 51 above 2 0 2 (3%)

Total 65 10 75 (100%) Source: Field Study, 2017.

Among the male groups, 48 respondents are below 40 years of age and it shows

active involvement of youth group in the NMDC’s CSR initiatives. However, it is

observed that female candidates shows hesitant to mingle with the social development

programmes in the study area. This mainly due to lack of awareness among the tribal

women. Hence they require more awareness programmes to take part of any welfare

schemes.

3.7 Educational Qualifications of the Sample Respondents

Education plays a very important role not only in day-to-day life, but also in

cultivation practices. An educated farmer would always be in a better position to

receive the information and keep informed the decisions. Education enhances the ability

to understand and comprehend things related to agriculture. The table – 3.3 explains

the status of educational qualification of the IVD beneficiaries in the study area.

Table – 3.3: Educational Status of Sample Respondents

Sl. No Education No of Respondents

1 Illiterate 26 (35%) 2 1 to 5 28 (37%) 3 6 to 10 19 (25%) 4 Intermediate 02 (3%) 5 Above Intermediate 00

Total 75 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.



Chart 3.1: Education level of the Sample Respondent

3.8 Occupational Status:

Obviously, the study area is primarily depend upon agriculture and agri-based

activities. During the field investigation, 53 respondents (71 per cent) inform that they

are engaged in agriculture as their primary occupation as shown in the table – 3.4. Nine

respondents work as casual labour in and around the area and seven respondents do

their petty business in the nearby town (Kirandul). Remaining six beneficiaries respond

as housewives and they keep themselves busy in kitchen and gardening practices in

their homestead land.

Table – 3.4: Occupational Status of Sample Respondents

Sl. No Occupational Status No of Respondents

1 Labour 9 (12%) 2 Farmer 53 (71%) 3 Petty Business 7 (9%) 4 Housewife 6 (8%) 5 Other 0


3.9 Housing Conditions

Housing becomes a status symbol in the society and it reflects economic conditions

of the respondents. The study observes that nearly 67 per cent of the respondents live

in the thatched houses as most of them are closer to the agriculture and eco-system.

35%37%

25%

3%

Illiterate 1 to 5 6 to 10 Intermediate

Education level of Sample Respondents



The table – 3.5 clearly indicates that people belonging to business communities (20%)

and economically well-of (13%) could able to construct their own buildings and reside

in the tiled and concreted houses respectively. Based on the results of the survey, the

researcher could witness the larger economic disparity between the tribal and non-

tribal settlers in the study area. This indicates the people in the study village are still

living in distorted conditions and development agency need to improve their housing

patterns. Hence, there is a need for an exclusive housing scheme for the tribal house-

holds preferably low cost houses or cost effective steel houses as invented by Indian

Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H).

Chart 3.2: Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondent

Table – 3.5: Housing Conditions of the Sample Respondents

Sl. No Type of House No of Houses 1 Thatched 50 (66.66%) 2 Tiled 15 (20.00%) 3 Concreted 10 (13.33%) Total 75 (100%) Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.

3.10 Land and Ownership:

The pattern of land ownership plays an important role in land use, agricultural

development and planning. For a better understanding of land ownership, related laws

gives an insight into the problems faced by our present day society. The basic concept of

67%

20%

13%

Housing Condition

Thatched Tiled Concreted



land ownership and tenure deals with the interrelated network of rights, duties and

groups within a society. In an economy where agriculture is among the major sources of

livelihood, the most obvious reason for the importance of land ownership arises from its

productive capacities. But, in the case of tribal community in the study area are lacking

proper utilization of land resources which is around by them. Lack of proper irrigation

facilities leads to underutilization or non-utilization of land to the agricultural purposes

in the study area.

Table – 3.6: Land Ownership among the Respondents

Name of Category Own Land Leased Percentage Dry Land (Acres) 202.0 --- 73.00 Wet Land (Acres) 75.5 --- 27.00

Total Land 277.5 --- 100.00 Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.

The table – 3.6 explains about the category of land and ownership patterns

among the respondents in the study area. Owning the land and properties gives

economic empowerment to the poor tribal households in the study region. The table

further explains that 73 per cent of the respondents are owning dry lands to the extent

of 202 acres whereas 27 per cent of the respondents informed that they own wet lands

that totaling to 75.5 acres in the study area.

Study Team interacting with the IVD Beneficiaries

3.11 Livestock

Animal husbandry is considered as one of the subsidiary activities in the rural or

agricultural sector as it supplement employment and income to the farming

households. For centuries, Indian agriculture witnessed close linkages between crop

production and livestock maintenance. As cattle served the needs of farmers in



cultivation, certain amount of status was also associated to owning cattle. Thus farmers

who owned more cattle were seen as rich, when compared to those who don’t.

Similarly sheep rearing has been a common interest among farmers. As long as farming

was not influenced by machines run on inanimate sources of power, cattle are given

special place in agriculture. A number of religious or seasonal rituals and ceremonies

accord prominent place for cattle. However, over a period there has been significant

change in the attitude of farmers towards cattle rearing in modern days. The other

important contribution of cattle and sheep was the manure, which is called as farm

yard manure. It was an essential part of cultivation as every farmer collected and

applied farm yard manure in the field. But in the case of study area it is reverse. There

is no proper cattle rearing method among the inhabitants in the study area.

Respondents are just leaving their livestock to move around places for grazing, without

bothering crop damages, indicates improper maintenance of livestock. In this regard,

NMDC can prepare a special plan for livestock promotion and proper utilization of

cattle population available in the study area towards systematic milk production and

organic farming.

Table – 3.7: Livestock among the Respondents

Sl. No Name of the Livestock Total 1 Cow 360 (36.07%) 2 Buffalos 78 (07.81%) 3 Goats 12 (01.20%) 4 Sheep 142 (14.22%) 5 Poultry 267 (26.75%) 6 Fishery 0 7 Piggery 133 (13.32%)


The table -3.7 presents data on livestock population owned by the respondents.

It may be observed that cow is the most preferred animal for the farmers in the village

and it shares over 36% of total livestock among the respondents. Poultry is one of the

domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs and meat purposes. It shares 27% of

the total livestock among the respondents. Sheep, Piggery, and Buffalo are reared by the

sample respondents in their vicinity.



Study Team interacting with the IVD Beneficiaries in Gongpal Village

3.12 Summary

This chapter lucidly discussed the socio-economic features of state, district, and

sample village, respondents of the study area. Details of the sample respondents along

parameters like age classification, educational status, housing conditions, ownership

and livestock etc. were presented with tables and matrix. Information received from the

respondents were carefully presented with the similar features that corroborate with

the results of the study with incorporating greater insights in the project area.

*******************



CHAPTER: IV

INTEGRATED VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT (IVD) 4.1 Introduction:

Rural development in India consists around sustainable agriculture and livelihood

in subsidiary enterprises with a better socio-economic development because 68.8% of

country’s population lives in rural villages. The population below poverty line itself

constitutes 25.7 percent. In the recent years, Indian agriculture contributes less than

18% to the GDP even though the share of agriculture in rural employment is 67.9%.

Even when reaching seven decades of independence, rural India is still suffering from

several issues like agriculture, socio-economic conditions, infrastructural development,

communications and other public utility services etc. The governments envisage

providing basic facilities like health, education, skill development and employment

opportunities in villages. Despite government’s efforts to grow the rural economy, the

change are slow for reasons of poor acceptance by farmers, poor policy implementation

and lack coherent thinking among stakeholders etc. Hence, an ‘Integrated Village

Development’ approach is necessary to establish a stable economic activity for which

social investment is required in study area, in the form of ‘corporate social

responsibility’. The special initiatives of NMDC Ltd., in Kuakonda block of Chhattisgarh,

is a live example for social investment by corporate houses under the new Companies

Act, 2013.

Agriculture which has always been the back bone of rural development, needs a lot

of support to increase the farm income in the study area. Social investments in terms of

creating and updating the knowledge on improved agricultural practices and cultivation

of high value crops will enhance farm income and on-farm employment to the tribal

households of Chhattisgarh. The other important area for social investments is to

establish small scale industries and village based industries which can employ major

rural population in both in-season and non-season for boosting the income. Social

investments in the area of information and skill development will improve the yields

and profits with more rural livelihoods.

Health, which is seen as an index of development that needs an effective delivery

system. Social investments can also be done in health sector by establishing rural health



care units, conducting health camps to prevent major diseases. Information kiosks can

also be established by training the rural youth for delivering various services at the

rural level. Training tribal women in value addition to the farm (NTFP) produce and by

creating market avenues will help in addressing gender issues in rural areas. A better

infrastructure in rural areas can build the rural economy making easy access to all the

available services. Social investments in creation of infrastructure help in providing

urban facilities in rural area and also, prevent the urban migration in search of

livelihoods. At last, in the study area there are many factors which hinder the

development of tribal population. Keeping these in view, NMDC is implementing the

Integrated Village Development (IVD) Program as a special initiative and to make

response to social investment.

4.2 Integrated Village Development Program

In order to develop a village, it is necessary to ensure that the village has adequate

physical and social infrastructural facilities for its inhabitants. The Integrated Village

Development (IVD) program of NMDC emphasise the development programmes as

effective instruments of tribal development through a process of prioritized

implementation and optimized management which would reflect in the development of

the village concerned as beacon lights and success stories for others to see and emulate.

The IVD program aims to promote participatory processes, build community

institutions, foster self-reliance and improve the indigenous knowledge and values of

Tribal people living in the operational area of Chhattisgarh (study area).

To accelerate the pace of overall development of these study villages, this IVD

conceived as a multifaceted program that includes variety of sub-schemes to benefit the

targeted population under the three major categories viz.,

a) Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives that includes exposure visit and

intensive farming training,

b) Vocational Training that leads to entrepreneurship development and

c) Educational Support that benefits the student community to improve their

education and nutritional levels in the area.



4.3 Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives

Agriculture is being considered as the primary activity of any farming

communities and that is not exempted for the tribal households in the study area also.

The tribal farmers normally concentrate on Paddy cultivation during rainy season only

as it depends on irrigation facilities and they produce other rainfed crops during dry

season such as maize, wheat and vegetables etc. This is due to poor irrigation

infrastructure and undulated topographic conditions in the study region. Though, paddy

is predominated crop in the study region, the farmers who cultivate paddy inform that

earlier the overall yield from the crop was very low because of their application of

indigenous knowledge and old techniques to cultivate paddy as single crop. The study

team also observed that the region is one of the richest sources of different local paddy

varieties. These varieties are grown self-consumption purposes that ensure food

security nutritional values. The farmers in the region also cultivate maize and pulses in

addition to paddy during kharif reason by using traditional wooden ploughs in the

interior villages. As observed in the field majority of the tribal family living in the

remote villages depend on minor forest produces like mahua, amla, bahera, harra,

kusum, sufphi, dhavala and other medicinal plants. They also supported by collection

and sale of non-timber forest produces as their supplementary income during lean

seasons.

4.3.1 Agricultural Inputs

During the span of last five years, i.e., 2009-10 to 2014-15, the implementing

agency has distributed seed input for cultivation of paddy, maize, vegetables, etc., to the

active farmers in the study area. The table 4.1 depicts that maximum number of farmers

availed paddy as seed input (1181), followed by Maize (798) and vegetables (776). The

practice of cultivation of wheat is very minimal (0.9%) in the study area. It shows that,

paddy is the dominant crop in the study area that supports for major livelihoods.

Table: 4.1. Input support under IVD during 2009-15.

Sl. No Input Support under IVD No of Farmers Percentage 1 Paddy 1181 42.50 2 Maize 798 28.70 3 Wheat 25 00.89 4 Vegetables 776 27.91

Total 2780 100 Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.



4.3.2 Irrigation Infrastructure Support

Since the farmers getting low yield by adopting traditional methods of

cultivation, the implementing officials felt the need for infrastructure support so as to

boost the farm practices and to achieve considerable yield rates from their fields.

Accordingly, the NMDC has helped 649 farmers to cultivate the extent of 197.35 acres

by providing infrastructure support through installation of pipelines, feeder tanks,

construction of pump houses, installation of motor pumps, excavation of ponds, digging

and renovation of wells, ring wells, construction of check-bunds, harvesting pits, and

other agriculture related infrastructure facilities (Table – 4.2) to the needy farmers.

Table – 4.2: Irrigation Infrastructure created during 2009-15

Sl. No Irrigation facilities No. of. Works 1 Feeder tank 13 2 Pipeline installation (in Meters) 21177 3 Pump House 12 4 Pump Installation 50 5 Pond Excavation 18 6 Well Digging 24 7 Check Bund 2 8 Harvesting Bund 3 9 Harvesting Pit 2

10 Puddle (Debris) 40 11 Pump foundation & Shed 37 12 Ring Well 8 13 Well Renovation 1

No. of Beneficiaries & Acres 649 / 197.35 Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.

4.4 Vocational Training

Rural India is still practicing with large number of traditional employment

generation systems. However, enabling vocational training education to the needy will

improve their skills and knowledge that may lead to developmental models which

addresses many issues of sustainable livelihoods. The implementing officials were listed

out a variety of training programmes offered to the beneficiaries ranging from

nurturing and strengthening of women SHGs to packaging and marketing of non-timber

forest produces (NTFP) in the study region. The table 4.3 indicates that the Shamayita

Math has arranged vocational training for 2969 beneficiaries during the span of last five

years (2009-10 to 2015-16). The Math also distributed larger number of Bio-Mass



stoves to the tribal villagers (1008) and offered training on how to use the stoves

provided to them.

Table – 4.3: Vocational Training during 2009-10 to 2015-16

Sl. No

Vocational training 2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Total

1 Tailoring Trainees 29 29 29 -- -- 20 10 117

2 Snacks preparation 43 43

3 Petty shop 60 60

4 Tamarind (Imli) processing & Packing

30 30

5 Mushroom Cultivation 22 22

6 Date Palm Jaggery 20 20

7 Fishery 12 21 33

8 Aesthetic look change 668 668

9 Distribution & Training of Biomass Stove

1008 1008

Total 29 29 29 -- 64 1819 31 1991

Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.

The data further shows that 117 women were trained for tailoring activity that

fetch additional employment and income to the women households whereas 60

beneficiaries were trained for petty shop business. It is obvious to mention that

collection of tamarind provides additional income to the tribal farmers as the area is

dominant of tamarind trees. The study suggest that more number of volunteers can be

trained on processing and marketing of tamarind. The Shamatha Math has also provided

training for tailoring (117), Snacks preparation (43), for the rural women in the study

area. The Math has offered training for promotion of date palm jaggary to 20 rural

youths who could extract toddy from the palm trees. Since the modern day women

prefers, the Math has also arranged beautification (Aesthetic look) courses to the 668

young women in the study area.

4.5 Education Support

Education is always been considered as an eye-opener and cornerstone of any

society. It lays the groundwork for the future direction of people’s lives and the societies

they live in. It is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other

human rights and for social, political and economic participation. Most countries have

laws requiring children to attend school and constitutional guarantees on the right to



education. Yet this right is threatened through exclusion, segregation, corruption, weak

education policies, and insufficient accountability of governments and education

providers etc. The Education Support is yet another important program of NMDC to

make the right to education meaningful and seeks to enable and promote quality

education for all tribal children in the project area.

Table – 4.4: Education Support during 2009-10 to 2015-16

Sl No

Support 2009-2010

2010-2011

2011-2012

2012- 2013

2013- 2014

2014- 2015

2015-2016

No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil No Pupil

1 Anganwadi Centre

20 261 20 261 20 235 49 739 49 605 51 596 49 543

2 Primary School

23 620 25 620 25 580 60 1613 60 1135 55 974 42 1010

3 Middle School

2 71 2 71 2 71 2 72 2 83 3 81 3 72

4 Nutritious Tiffin

45 952 45 952 45 886 111 2424 111 1823 109 1651 93 1625

5 Learning materials

45 952 45 952 45 886 111 2424 111 1823 109 1651 93 1625

Source: Shamayita Math (Implementing Agency): 2017.

This program was initiated by Shamayita Math by assisting 45 schools ranging

from the Anganwadi to Middle Schools during 2009 and it raised upto 111 schools

during 2012 to 2014. The table 4.4 refers that the number of schools are reduced to 93

during the year 2015-16 with appointment of 96 assisting tutors distributed according

to the strength of the schools concerned. The Math supplies nutritious tiffin and

Horlicks drink mixed with hot water to the students of adopted schools every day in the

study area. The Math also provides the learning material to the students to improve

their learning abilities.

4.6 Impact Assessment of IVD Program

The Integrated Village Development has been visualized in terms of developmental

challenges that aims to enhance overall income of the poor family residing in the study

area by improving their farming systems through innovative approaches and modern

system of cultivation practices. Under this program, three major segments were

considered viz.

a) agriculture development practices such as exposure visits of the farmers for

upgrading their skills and knowledge, supplying of seed, inputs and agricultural

implements, livestock improvement, infrastructure development that includes supply of



pump sets, sprinklers and drip irrigation systems, fencing material etc. were considered

to support farming communities.

b) Vocational Training for women SHGs, youth and deserved farmers on organic

farming practices and processing and marketing of NTFP and its value additions, and

c) Education support systems that ensures quality education with the support of

Tutors, supplying of learning material and provision of nutritional supplements to the

students in the project areas.

The study team has thoroughly investigated among all the facets of integrated

village development program implemented during the year 2009-10 to 2015-16 (five

years). To assess the ground realities, the study team has conducted focus group

discussions in all the selected 15 villages / paras and had interactions with 75 IVD

beneficiaries. Further the researcher has used check lists and questionnaires to collect

primary data from the beneficiaries of the villages and the officials of both

implementation agencies and sponsoring organisation i.e., NMDC, Kirandul.

4.6.1 Awareness on NMDC’s IVD Initiatives

Awareness is nothing but knowledge on something that created through the

interaction of any source and its environment or in simple terms knowing what is going

on. The study team has posed a question on the source of information about the NMDC’s

IVD initiatives viz., IVD and HoW to the sample respondents in the selected villages /

paras. The responses were recorded as given in the following table - 4.5.

Table – 4.5: Source of Information about the NMDC-IVD Initiatives

Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.

The table depicts that 76 per cent of sample respondents received information

from the Shamayita Math officials, about various IVD initiatives of NMDC Limited that

benefitting the people residing in the Bailadila, Kirandul areas, followed by friends

Sl. No Source of Information No of Respondents

1 NMDC’s Official bulletin 05 (06.66%) 2 Shamayita Math Officials 57 (76.00%) 3 Gram Panchayat/ PRIs 04 (05.33%) 4 Friends Circle 09 (12.00%) 5 Any other Source 00 Total 75 (100%)



circle (12 per cent), NMDC’s official bulletins and advertisements in the newspapers

(6.66 per cent) and sources from the gram panchayat (5.33 per cent). The results of

the table confirms that Shamayita Math (implementing agency) has emerged as the

main source of information available to the respondents in the study area as this

organisation dedicated its services for uplifting rural and tribal communities in the

study region.

Study team interaction during FGD with the villagers

4.6.2 Cropping Patterns

Unlike other farmers, the sample respondents from Kirandul block (the study

area) grow paddy, maize, wheat, pulses and vegetables through traditional and

unorganized methods and thus receive the lesser yields with poor quality. Also the

agricultural products cultivated from these region face challenges in competitive

markets even after wasting of their labour and time. Having identified the problems of

farmers, NMDC Kirandul has prepared an exclusive plan to boost the crop yield of the

tribal farmers. The Shamayita Math has implemented their plan by organizing farmers’

exposure visits to innovative practices of agriculture, supply of quality seed inputs and

many other intelligent methodologies in the study area. This resulted the farmers to

shift their agriculture practices from traditional to modern systems like drip irrigation,

sprinkler systems etc. and changing patters from direct broadcasting methods to

transplantation (rows) methods, for instance in paddy cultivation. The farmers do begin

the cultivation of commercial crops like Cauliflower, Cabbage, Brinjal, Lady Finger,

Tomato and other vegetable crops that yield considerable remuneration for their hard



work in the study area.

Table – 4.6: Cultivation of Major Crops cultivating in the study area

Sl. No Name of the Crop Total* 1 Paddy 74 2 Maize 16 3 Pulses 25 4 Mustard 07 5 Wheat 10 6 Vegetables 69

Source: Field Study conducted in 2017. *= One farmer can cultivate multiple crops in different fields.

As seen in the table – 4.6 and while discussing about the preference of crop

cultivations, almost all the sample respondents in the study region prefer to cultivate

paddy followed by cultivators of vegetables (69 members) and pulses (25). Since paddy

is the principal crop and staple food in the region paddy is given more importance

during Kharif season due to availability of surplus rain water and prefer for dry crops

and vegetables in Rabi season depending on other water sources. The respondents also

felt satisfied with the new methods of cultivations as they could get more yield than

traditional practices.

4.6.3 Preference to Change Cropping Patterns

After multiple intervention of NMDC through implementing agency (Shamayita

Math) we could observe changes in the cultivation patterns in the study area. As stated

by the NMDC officials these CSR initiatives brought a drastic change in the lifestyles of

the farmers, economic empowerment through recent cultivation practices as mentioned

earlier. The Integrated Village Development program in these selected villages gave

boost to prefer changing of cultivation patterns from age old method to modern systems

even for other food and cash crops. This is one of the major shifts among the farmers in

their cultivation patterns and major initiative by the NMDC through Shamayita Math.

Table – 4.7: Shifting of cropping patterns among the farmers

Sl. No Methods of Practice No of Respondents Percentage 1 Traditional 33 44.00 2 New Methods 42 56.00 Total 75 100




Table – 4.7 explains about the change of farming practices from old to new

methods among the respondents in the study area. In the normal sense, changing the

mindset of tribal population is very difficult task as they adopt conventional systems

and living conditions. The IVD program could able bring them to the shift, from

indigenous to new type of cultivation offering through skills and knowledge. However,

still 44 per cent of respondents inform that they follow traditional cultivation practices

and they require skill development training along with financial and infrastructure

supports.

Study Team Interacting with the IVD Vegetable Beneficiary in Palnar Village

4.6.4 Skill Development to the Farmers in Farming Methods

The term “skills development” is generally used to describe a wide range of

institutions and activities influencing employment and earnings. It is one of the primary

means to build the capacity of poor people to participate and fully benefit from

mainstream economic development. Strengthening the individual and collective

capabilities of rural poor, youth and adults, contributes to fostering new economic

opportunities in rural areas. Investing in the skills of rural people particularly to the

tribal inhabitants is also crucial in building their capacities to cope with crisis and

confront food and environmental challenges. Various training programmes were also

imparted through community based organizations to benefit stakeholders such as



farmers groups to build their capacity in their cultivation patterns. NMDC through

Shamyita Math conducted several skill development training programs to the farmers to

increase their cultivation process. The table 4.8 describes the maximum (51)

respondents were given training for paddy cultivation followed by vegetables (17). It

shows that the implementing agency is giving more importance to only these two crops

than any other crops cultivated in the study area.

Table – 4.8: Attended cultivation Training Program by the farmers

Sl. No Name of the Training

Total No. of Farmers attended

1 Paddy 51 2 Vegetable 17 3 Pulses 1 4 Mustard 3 5 Wheat 0 6 Maize 2 7 Fruits 0 Total 75


Chart – 4.1: Training to the Farmers on Croup Cultivation

During the informal discussions, majority of respondents agree that they could

follow the new techniques learnt through training classes. The farmers also expect that

more in-house trainings offered with guidance or support material and further more

exposure visits to outside the state and need long duration induction training on

cultivation practices. Hence, they can be taken to the exposure visits to some of the

Paddy68%

Vegitables23%

Other Crops9%

TRAINING TO FARMERS ON CROP CULTIVATION



research stations like IARI Pusa, Delhi, ICRISAT at Hyderabad, Darwad Agricultural

University, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and so on.

Further to suggest that the implementing agency can offer intensive training to selected

farmers (Training of Trainers - ToT) so as to train the villagers’ team after their return

from the training.

With the skill development and various cropping techniques, farmers could able

to learn market trends and equip themselves on the cultivation patterns accordingly.

The implementing authorities may take a view on this approach by identifying the

feasible product-lines and networking with suitable research stations in India.

Chart – 4.2: Knowledge earned on new cultivation methods:

To find out the real impact of knowledge earned from the training/ skill

development programs, the research team has interrogated with the sample

respondents. During the discussions the study team has observed that majority of the

people are equipped the knowledge on new cultivation practices for using high yielding

5451

24

48

26

39

26

58

16

21

39

21

37

23

42

125 3

126

12 137 5

Knowledge earned on new cultivation methods

Yes No Can’t Say/ Don’t Know



varieties, techniques on transplantation of paddy, weeding methodologies, application

of fertilizers and pesticides, etc.

Table – 4.9: How far the learning could improve cultivation practices

Sl. No Variable Total 1 Excellent 14 (19%) 2 Good 27 (36%) 3 Average 24 (32%) 4 Poor 9 (12%) 5 Very Poor 1 (1%)


This table 4.9 briefly explains overall impact of training programs and the level of

skill improvement in cultivation practices to the farmers who are taken training from

the implementing agency. Interestingly, only 14 farmers responded as excellent and 27

farmers said that training is good to them. Remaining 24 farmers are responded as

average. 10 farmers are said that training not improved their cultivation practices. It

shows that, training to the farmers on skill development or cultivation practices still

need to be arranged according to the needs and interest of the farmers, which enables

the cultivation practices that leads to improvement of production levels.



4.6.5 Satisfaction and Advanced Level Training:

The farmers were given farming training for cultivation of different products in the

study area. The following charts depicts that 93 percent of respondents opined as fully

satisfied and only 7 percent are partially satisfied for their personal reasons. Whereas,

the chart informs that 76 per cent of the respondents informed that they require further

training to upgrade their knowledge and skills on the modern agricultural practices and

24 per cent does not shown any interest on the next advance level training.

Chart – 4.3: Level of Satisfaction

Chart – 4.4: Training required

Fully Satisfied93%

Partially Satisfied

7%

LEVEL OF SATISFACTION

Yes

No

76%

24%

Training Required



4.6.6 Improvement in Agriculture after NMDC Intervention:

While discussing on the overall impact of agriculture and its productivity, 57 per

cent of the respondents rated as excellent and expressed their happiness over the

interventions of NMDC’s new initiatives on agriculture that fully benefitted the farmers

in the study area as shown in the chart 4.5. Whereas, 36 per cent of the farmers were

expressing as good and very few (7%) of them are rated as satisfied. This shows that

they require continuous support from NMDC for the sustainability of agriculture in the

study area.

Chart – 4.5: Overall impact on Agriculture after NMDC Intervention

Study team observing the Ring Well in Penta Village

7%

36%

57%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Satisfied

Good

Excellent

Overall impact on Agriculture after NMDC Intervention



4.7 Vocational training programs:

Vocational Education helps the women and youth to acquire and facilitate

knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits with or without the help of an educator. To

inculcate the knowledge and skills, the NMDC has identified various trades that could

easily reach the tribal beneficiaries in the operational areas such as mushroom

cultivation, snacks preparation, pani-puri preparation and vending, tailoring, Broom-

binding, tamarind packaging and mini poultry farming etc. majority of the beneficiaries

expressed their satisfaction over the trainings offered and they could become

entrepreneurs after completion of their training programs.

Chart – 4.6: Training program Impact on women

Study team interacting with IVD Tailoring beneficiaries

3943

46

58

68

54

3841

6157

64

42

32

46

6259

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Mushroom Snacks Pani Puri Tailoring Broombinding

Imlipackaging

Goatrearing

PoultryFarming

Training program Impact on women

Yes NO



4.8 Educational Support:

Education is often seen as a prerequisite for successes. School and learning

institutions has always been a bridge to accommodate the education of any individual.

Education carries a significant benefit in one’s life, it’s normally the door way to

greatness, and it assures us to gain knowledge and awareness in which we can use to

earn money and credibility. In the field, the researchers observe the effect of education

and facilities offered under the IVD program. Eleven per cent of the respondents opined

and rated the services as very good followed by 36 per cent of them rated as good and

52 per cent of the respondents rate this as satisfied. Only one per cent of the beneficiary

rated as poor because his ward gets illness whenever attends the school. (Village -

Kalepal).

Chart – 4.7: Opinion of the Parents on Education facilities

Study team observing the Primary school students in Kadampal village

11%

36%

52%

1% 0%

Very good Good Satisfy Poor very poor

Opinion of the Parents on Education facilities



Study team leader testing the quality of Nutrition supplements

Chart – 4.8: Satisfaction of quality of nutrition supply

Similarly, the level of satisfaction on the supply of nutritional supplement to the

students were observed. The chart shows the opinion of the parents and of them 26 per

cent of the respondents rated as very good, 41 per cent are expressed as good and 33

per cent of them are given average ratings on the supply of nutrition food to their

children in the schools.

Very Good26%

Good41%

Average33%

Satisfaction of quality of nutrition supply



Study team observing the Tiffin supply to students

4.9 Summary

The findings of the study shows positive results over the implementation of

Integrated Village Development (IVD) program in the following facets:

4.9.1 Agriculture and Irrigation Support:

The provisions made under the IVD program could transform the farmers to shift

their cultivation practices from traditional to modern methods that resulted in higher

yields. The farmers began the cultivation of commercial crops like Cauliflower, Cabbage,

Brinjal, Lady Finger, Tomato and other vegetable crops that yield considerable

remuneration for their hard work in the study area.

4.9.2 Vocational Training:

Training the tribal women and youth ensures to acquire and facilitate

knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits with or without the help of an

educator. NMDC’s initiative has reached the goal of inculcating the knowledge and skills

of the tribal beneficiaries in the operational areas such as mushroom cultivation, snacks

preparations like potato chips, mixtures etc., pani-puri making and vending, tailoring,

Broom-binding, tamarind packaging and mini poultry farming etc. majority of the



beneficiaries expressed their satisfaction over the trainings offered and they could

become entrepreneurs even after completion of their training programs.

4.9.3 Educational Support:

NMDC’s educational support has encouraged the student groups in enhancing

their attendance and inculcating their reading habits. Eleven per cent of the

respondents opined and rated the services as very good followed by 36 per cent of them

rated as good and 52 per cent of the respondents rate this as satisfied.

The results of the study recommends that NMDC can continue these programs

with specific operational manuals for the sustainable agriculture development, income

generating activities among the youth and women and better education facilities to the

children in the study area.

4.10 Overall Impact:

Through its innovative IVD program and policies, the NMDC Limited encourages

the tribal farmers for their active participation in the drive of subsistence farming and

their food security. The study results from the field have shown that the development of

agriculture has improved their household income, learning levels among the tribal

families.

*******************



CHAPTER: V

HOSPITAL ON WHEELS (HoW) 5.1 Introduction:

Since Independence, India has made rapid strides in the health sector. However,

health statistics indicate that access to healthcare still remains a challenge to the poor

and it is more deplorable for the tribal inhabitants in the country. When referring to the

data on urban areas that has only 4 per cent of government primary health care

services, one need not surprise about the share for rural poor and tribal

hamlet/villagess. These dwellers suffer from adverse health conditions owing to mainly

two reasons – first, the lack of education and thus lack of awareness; and second, the

unwillingness to lose a day’s wage in order to reach the nearest medical facility. Health

for underprivileged, which is a desperate need, thus remains unaddressed. As a result,

cases of poor women health, malnourishment in children and deaths from preventable

diseases from such areas are always high. The neglect in even the simplest preventive

medical treatment usually leads to a more serious ailment and eventually into deaths.

The need of the hour is thus a two pronged approach – first to bring quality health care

services to doorsteps of the needy and second to promote healthcare awareness and

contemporary health care seeking behavior among the underprivileged.

In such a scenario a mobile health care services delivery system is the most

practical mechanism. And in subscription to this view, NMDC Limited has initiated the

Hospital on Wheels program under its CSR initiatives in Kirandul area of Chhatisgarh

state. This is one among the unique programs of NMDC that seeks to address problems

of mobility, accessibility and availability of primary health care with a special focus on

tribal communities who live in remote rural areas (paras). Since 2009, NMDC is

implementing this project to cater the medical needs of the tribal population by

assigning two big ambulances filled with medical equipment. The implementing agency

has recruited teams of qualified doctors, attendants, nurses and para-medical staff for

the purpose and assign the task of visiting to each and every villages in the area for

offering medical assistance. The team so recruited is visiting the villages as per

scheduled timings and dates, to provide treatments at the door steps of the tribal. When



the event of any severity, the medical team refers the patient to NMDC’s Hospital for

further treatments at free of cost.

Study team Observing the HoW vehicle inner view structure

5.2 Composition of Medical Team and Visits

In general, rural inhabitants give least preference to their health care system and

the area which selected for the study also presents similar picture. During the field

work, the study team noticed that many villagers believe their illness causes due to

anger of gods and goddesses in the vicinity. Whenever they suffer, the tribal patients

approach the traditional healers, called as ‘Baddes’ in their local Gondi language for

their treatments. Though government health care programs are implemented with

modern medical practices, these tribal residents still believe in the drama of such

witchcraft acts and get blessings from the ‘Baddes’. Due to having belief on occult acts

and adoption of traditional and old practices many casualties occurred in the study area.

Keeping these in view, NMDC has of introduced this initiative for providing quality

medical service through mobile health care van, popularly known as ‘Hospital on

Wheels’ (HoW) scheme, at their door steps. There are two medical team is formed and

every team consists of One Medical Practitioner (Doctor) with MBBS qualification or

more, One Assistant Health Coordinator, Two ANM / GNMs, One lab technician, One

physicist and One driver. The implementing agency has purchased two specially

designed medical van (Ambulance) to meet the medical needs of the tribal areas. These



medical teams have to make frequent visit and cover the targeted villages as scheduled

in the table 5.1.

5.3 Diseases and Treatment Mechanisms

NMDC’s health care interventions provide basic and urgent medical aids to every

suffering tribal inhabitants at their respective villages. It provides utmost medical care

to the patients at their door-steps. When serious cases noticed, the medical team also

refers the cases, either to block level or district level hospitals run by NMDC Limited.

Based on the interactions with the villagers, we understand that monsoon season is the

most difficult period for them due to the prevalence of large number of diseases.

Normally, tribal patients are habituated to approach Baddes for their basic treatments.

This initiative has created more awareness among the people and changed their

mindset to wait for the ‘HoW’ Vehicle for better treatment.

Interaction with the HoW team in Shyamgiri



Table – 5.1: Daily Schedule for Vehicle Movement for HoW

Vehicle - I Vehicle - II

Day Village Para Halt Village Para Halt M

on

day

Kadampal Boji Para 1 Goanpal Labba Para 1

Bodden Para 1 Sarpanch Para 1

Naya para 1 Hitawar School Para 1

Reman para 1

Gyata Para 1

Patel para 1

Madari Tota Para 1

Manjhar para 1

Tues

day

Kalepal School Para 1 Samalwar* School Para 1

Cholnar Sarpanch Para 1 Cholnar Ashram 1

Juna Para 1 Patel Para 1

Madari Mulla Para 1

Perpa Sarpanch Para 2

School Para 2

We

dn

esd

ay Palnar Mundra para 1 C.H.Munda* Patel Para 1

Penta School Para 1 Mukhia Para 1

Lendra School Para 1 Koriras* Naka Para 1

M. Haurnar Niche para 2 Patel Para 1

School Para Masa Para 1

Thu

rsd

ay Palnar

(Sub H.C) Patelpara 1 Khutepal Sarpanch Para 1

Deva Para School Para 1

Erra Para Shyamgiri

Patel Para 1

Kotwar Para 1

Frid

ay B.H.Munda School para 2 Goanpal Patel Para 1

Imlipara School Para 1

Doriras School para 1 Hitawar Kunjam Para 1

Mailawada* Panchayat Bhawan 1 Mahara Para 1

Satu

rday

Palnar Bhalu Para 3 Kodenar* Patel Para 1

Lekhma Para Durli* School Para 1

Musultonta

Source: Shamayita Math. / * Villages not covered under the Study.

To supplement this, outpatient medical records shows that more than 30,000

patients were given treatments for respiratory complaints, 20,533 Pyrexia patients,

22,355 patients with Skin problems, 18,246 Muscular skeletal related patients etc., and

all other type of diseases are listed in the following chart - 5.1.



Chart – 5.1: Type of Diseases Treated during 2009 - 2016

5.4 Additional Health Camps:

In addition to the routine weekly medical services, the Shamayita Math is

arranging special medical camps in the various villages as exclusive program. The aim of

the camps is not just to provide health services but to create health awareness through

which the entire village community gets sensitized on health related issues. The Math

also informs that they arrange such camps with specialist doctors both from

Government and Private Corporate Hospitals and supporting for higher medical

treatments for the tribal households. However, it is observed from the field that the

common public welcome the special camps conducted by the implementing agencies.

Hence it is suggested the NMDC can conduct more number of special medical camps to

benefit common public by involving local volunteers, adolescents, women and elders in

the villages.

20533

22355

18246

5654

2939

11412

1314

3729

712

872

30003

3958

7218

5095

1891

2071

757

193

266

463

357

3560

Pyrexia

Skin Infection

Muscular Skeletal Related

Gastrointestinal

Anaemia

Nutritional Disorder

Helmenthatic Infestion

Diarrhoea /Dysentery

Antenatal

Postnatal

Respiratory Diseases

Injuries

Surgical

Medical

Eye Related

Ear Related

Dental

TB - Fresh /old

Gynecological

Genento Urinary

Fractures

other

Type of Diseases Treated



5.5 Role of Village Health Volunteer

The village level service providers/ health volunteers are the ground level staff

working for the community development regarding health. The village volunteer has the

key role to play, from awareness creation to the public to accompanying patients unto

ultimate cure, irrespective of place or hospital in which admission is provided. He is the

caretaker of all patients not only before the medication but should have closer contact

and follow-up even after treatments. He is the main communicator for the village people

regarding the HoW activities, timings, venue of halting vehicle and services. The service

providers have the main vision of the duty is prevention activity by creating awareness

among the villagers. However, we could observe from the field that village level health

volunteer dare not having adequate knowledge on health service, as they are not

deputed for any first-aid and precautionary training programs. The field or ground level

staff must be given basic training so as to coordinate with all levels of staff and needy

patients in the region.

5.6 Major Observations on HoW

The Hospital on Wheels is an innovative mobile health care unit that stocked with

latest medical equipment, Doctors and para-medical staff including Two Nurses and One

ANM in a specially designed ambulance van and travel through its operation areas of

Kuakonda block of Chhattisgarh state. NMDC has purchased two such vans and left for

movement to cater the medical needs of the poor tribal population. Based on the field

visit, major observations are presented in this section.

Study team interacting with the HoW staff in the office



5.6.1 Sex and Age Group of HoW Beneficiaries

For obtaining the field realities, the study team has carried out an enumeration

work on the implementation of Hospital on Wheels program in Kuakonda block of

Chhattisgarh during the second week of January, 2017. As observed from the field, 70

per cent of respondents are female patients and 30 per cent of male patients were

treated under the HoW initiative (Table 5.2). Further the table depicts that majority of

the patients are falling under the age group between 40 years to 60 years this is due to

abnormal consumption of homemade and illicit alcohols and environmental factors. The

health conditions of the people below 40 years age group are comparatively good as

they hold immunity power in their body. While interaction, the doctor (Dr.Rajaiah) has

informed that malarial fever, cough and cold, skin infections, tuberculosis and diarrhea

are common diseases in the area and both the ‘HoW’ teams are equipped with necessary

facilities to attend the patients.

Table – 5.2: Sex and Age Group of HoW Beneficiaries

Sl.No Sex No. of Respondents Percent 1 Male 24 30.00 2 Female 51 70.00 Total 75 100.0

Sl.No Age Group No. of Respondents Percent 1 Below 20 07 09.33 2 20 – 40 13 17.33 3 40 – 60 38 50.67 4 Above 60 17 22.67

Total 75 100.0 Source: Field Study, Jan, 2017.

5.6.2 Awareness levels of HoW Beneficiaries

While discussing about the prominence of medical team, the study observed that

the majority of the respondents are aware of this scheme through Shamayita Math

officials (42%) followed by panchayat representatives (24%) and friends and relatives

(12%). The table 5.3 explains the source of information about the NMDC’s HoW

initiatives in the study region.



Table – 5.3: Source of Information about the NMDC-HoW Initiatives


5.6.3 Distance to the Halting Place

The ambulances (‘HoW’ vehicles) are parked in a common place so as to

accessible to the needy patients in the study area. The study reported that, 70 (93 %)

respondents informed that the vehicle has accessible to the public as it halted less than

a kilometer distance from their residences and only five beneficiaries responded as they

require to walk upto one and a half kilometer for getting medical assistance from HoW

team. However, they opine that this is not very far from their homes/paras.

Table – 5.4: Accessibility to Place of Halt

Sl. No Distance to HoW No of Respondents Percent

1 Very Near 54 72.00

2 Less than a Kilometers 16 21.00

3 1 to 2 kilometers 05 07.00

4 Above 3 kilometers 00 --

Total 75 100.0 Source: Field Study conducted in 2017.

5.6.4 Timing and Availability of Medicines

Most of the respondents inform that the arrival timing of HoW vehicle is not

comfortable to them as they go for work in the fields and opine that NMDC must send

the vehicle in consultation with the villagers concerned so as to receive the treatments

and medicines. Further the respondents express their happiness that the sufficient

medicines with good quality are brought in the vehicles to distribute the patients.

Overall the public shows their fullest satisfaction on the availability of medicines. While

discussing with the sample households, the study team could observe that during rainy

seasons HoW vehicles are stalled due to bad road and climatic conditions. Further the

sample respondents inform that there are in many occasions, the vehicles are parked

Sl. No Source of Information No of Respondents 1 NMDC’s Official bulletin 03 (04%) 2 Shamayita Math Officials 42 (56%) 3 Gram Panchayat/ PRIs 18 (24%) 4 Friends & Relatives 12 (16%) 5 Any other Source Total 75 (100%)



for very short durations in the villages. Hence, NMDC can instruct the vehicles may be

parked upto 2 hours in every villages.

Chart – 5.2: Level of Satisfaction on Timings

5.6.5 Satisfaction on HoW Medicines and Services:

Satisfaction of a patient is one of many key performance indicators (KPIs) for

further improvement and goodwill of the implementing agency or sponsoring

organisation. Keeping this in view, the present survey to measure the satisfactory level

of the patients in the sample villages and paras. The chart no 5.3 indicates the level of

satisfaction on the health services and medicines provided to the tribal households in

the villages in which 52 percent respondents are expressed as highly satisfied, 29

respondents rated as satisfied respectively on the medicines and services provided by

the NMDC’s ‘HoW’ initiatives. Only 9 percent of the respondents expressed their

dissatisfaction over it. This may be due to their age factors.

Chart – 5.3 Satisfaction on HoW Medicines and Services:

Satisfied 10%

Moderately Satisfied 32%

Highly Satisfied58%

Level of Satisfaction on Timings

52

%

29

%

9%

H I G H L Y S A T I S F I E D S A T I S F I E D N O T S A T I S F I E D

S a t i s f a c t i o n o n H o W M e d i c i n e s a n d S e r v i c e s



5.7 Summary:

While discussing with the beneficiaries, the study teams observed that, present

generation is accepting modern healthcare facilities and also convincing their elders

also to follow the allopathic treatments given by NMDC Limited.

Due to lack of availability of primary health centers in and around the village,

they are force to approach Shaman for treatment. Many of the villagers are also

accepting that after the intervention of HoW, the health conditions of villagers are

improved and they do healthy practices in their villages. It is one of the good

achievement by the NMDC through HoW initiatives.

5.8 Overall Impact of ‘HoW’

NMDC’s initiative of ‘HoW’ towards improving the health care of the tribals in the

operational areas resulted in significant impact. This is mainly due to their high level of

satisfaction (81%) on the delivery of services by the implementing agency.

*******************



CHAPTER: VI

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction

Village Development in general, is a process of identifying the persistent

problems in a village and finding the best ways to solve them. Its focus is on improving

current conditions towards better social and economic status (development), through a

systematic process. For Integrated Village Development, grassroots planning is very

important that all households in the village and all groups of people are included and

their problems and needs considered and addressed. Particular attention must be paid

to addressing the needs of poor households, SC and ST groups, women, children and the

elderly. The National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) Limited has take-up

the job of implementing its twin innovative approaches such as a) Integrated Village

Development (IVD) and b) Hospital on Wheels (How) programs under Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) in Kirandul area of Chhattisgarh since 2009. In this regard, NMDC

has appointed Shamayita Math as an implementing agent to coordinate and carry

forward its goals and objectives.

This chapter lucidly presents the observations made during field visit and the

results are categorised accordingly. It also suggest policy prescription for better

implementation of both IVD and HoW and thereby improving the socio-economic and

health conditions of the people living in the study area.

6.1 Integrated Village Development (IVD)

Integrated Village Development Programme is the brain child of NMDC Limited,

which aims at holistic village development over a period of time. The programme

primarily strives to address the following issues and takes them to scale thereafter:

6.1.1 Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives

A. Land Levelling

The respondents in area under study has largely undulated, lands with bumps

and slopes etc., leads to improper cultivation practices. Levelling of land area will



indulge the farmers to adopt systematic process of cultivation so as to reach sustainable

farming.

Suggestions:

Motivate the farmers and other stakeholders for better land utilization

practices and proper cultivation methods.

The implementing agency may take necessary steps to level the land that fit

for cultivation in collaboration with concerned government departments

(eg.MGNREGA), farmers, and village level community representatives.

To facilitate financial assistance and arrange machineries (JCB/Bulldozers

etc.) for land levelling activities to ensure sustainable agricultural

development.

B. Integrated Watershed Management

The study area gets ample of water during rainy season but does not have

any infrastructure to save and preserve rain water.

Suggestions:

Create awareness among the villagers on importance of water and make

them to contribute land for construction of watersheds, check dams,

percolation tanks etc. by utilizing IWDP and MGNREGA scheme funds could

cater the needs of water shortage during crop cultivation.

Arrange alternative land and compensation to the farmers who donate their

land for community benefits.

NMDC can consider to construct watersheds, farm ponds, check bunds,

percolation tanks etc., under its CSR initiatives.

C. Dug Wells / Ring Wells to the Farmers:

Common dug-wells are provided in the study area by clubbing

neighboring farmers to share the water for their cultivation. This leads to

misunderstanding and create rift among them on sharing of water and timings of

utilization. Most of the farmers and sample respondents were seeking help from

the implementing agency to construct independent dug wells / ring wells in their

farm lands so as to initiate multiple cropping even during lean seasons.



Suggestions:

Implementing agency may consider to facilitate for loan or assist for funding

requirements and feasible solution.

Create follow-up mechanisms to repay the loans taken for such dug wells or

ring wells.

D. Water Distribution Tank:

It is observed from the field that the farmers are cultivating crops even in

their uplands. Since the rivers are inaccessible to irrigate these fields, NMDC has

created a channel of irrigation through water distribution sumps in the ground.

These tanks are filled with river water by lifting through high powered electric

motors and being used for cultivation.

Suggestions:

The level of these tanks should be raised as surface tanks so as to make easy

flow of water to the farms.

Solar pumps can be preferred instead of high powered electric engines.

Create water management committee for proper monitoring and utilization

of water.

E. Soil Testing and Crop Promotion

Soil testing is becoming an important practice in the modern day agriculture that

suggest the farmer to cultivate right type of farming and crop pattern which suits his

land and salinity condition for achieve higher yields.

Suggestions:

Implementing agency can arrange special camps for soil testing before

initiation of crop cultivation with agriculture extension departments.

Farmers must be convinced through motivation camps to change the crops

according to the results of soil tests.

F. Solar Pump Sets to the Farmers:

It is observed in the study area that about 20 electric pump sets were also

provided to the farmers under collective farming system. This system leads the



group towards misuse of waters and it will create dispute among the farmers. India

is blessed with maximum sunny days in a year and hence tapping solar energy is

inevitable.

Suggestions:

Implementing agency can arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in

collaboration with the nodal agencies of the Ministry of New and

Renewable Energy sources at every level.

The farmers must be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of

solar devices and pump sets too.

G. Animal Husbandry and its Importance:

A large number of farmers in rural India depend on animal husbandry activities

for their livelihood. In addition to supplying milk, meat, eggs, wool and hides, animals,

mainly bullocks, are the major source of power for farmers. Thus, animal husbandry

plays an important role in the rural economy. Based on the observations, almost all the

farmers are just leaving their cattle for grazing on its own wish into the jungle months

together without proper care. This leads to crop damages and hence the farmers

demand more fencing facilities to their land areas.

Suggestions:

Implementing agency can arrange for awareness and motivation camps on

systematic cattle rearing methods to the farmers in collaboration with animal

husbandry department as it is source of income to them.

The public must be motivated to keep their animals in the cattle-sheds without

leaving them to the open farms. If required, the implementing agency may

prepare an action plan for construction of cattle-sheds to the needy farmers.

While harvesting, the farmers are habituated to harvest the grain portions only

and leaving the grass at the farms. This leads to the shortage of feed to the cattle.

Farmers must be taught to preserve the grass portion of different crops so as to

feed the animals at their sheds.

Since the people from the study area are not accustomed to consume milk, they

are not extracting milk from their cattle. Training must be given under dairy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_husbandry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(food)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide_(skin)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle



development schemes to make this as a viable enterprise (milk collecting &

vending centers) with funding support from the implementing agency.

Besides, they must be trained towards practice of organic methods of cultivation

using their animal resources. They can be sent for training on vermi-compost,

vermi-wash, preparation of panchakavya etc., and to convert them into active

entrepreneurs.

H. Fruit Bering Trees Plantation:

As part of IVD program, the implementing agency has supplied 80 saplings (per

acre) of fruit bearing trees to 1,100 farmers to plant in their fields. However, it is

observed that majority of the farmers were not shown any interest to plant it but

thrown them out. A very few members planted at their homestead portions but did not

given attention and hence they dried.

Suggestions:

Proper training classes can be arranged to create awareness among the

community on promotion of horticulture crops and its scope for subsidiary

industries at their vicinities.

Implementing agency can facilitate the farmers to plant more horticulture crops

under MGNREGA scheme and any other related schemes of the government.

Arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in collaboration with the nodal

agencies of the Ministry of New and Renewable energy sources at every level.

The farmers can be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of solar

devices and pump sets.

I. Risk Management:

Since time immemorial agriculture in India suffers from production related risks in

one side and market related risks on the other. The production risk could mainly be

attributable to uncontrolled weather conditions and impact of unpredictable climate

change, especially in the study areas. Other important risks are, inadequate information

about the quality of seed input, timely advisories for crop planning, crop protection and

harvesting etc. The marketing risk would mainly include inadequate information at

right time, related to market prices, advanced price signals, predictability of prices of



commodities, alternative markets and channels of marketing, processing and value

addition for NTFP and other food products etc. In both of the risk domains, connecting

farms or farmers with expert systems and flow of knowledge / information are the

missing links in the study area.

Suggestions:

To overcome the risks in the farm practices, the implementing agencies need

to focus on conduct of awareness programs with regular follow-up

mechanism.

Arrange exposure visits to outside the district and states mostly preferred to

the research stations like IARI Pusa, Delhi, ICRISAT at Hyderabad, Darwad

Agricultural University, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore and so on.

Provide adequate information at right time on market conditions, prices of

commodities including NTFP and other food products through SMS services.

6.1.2 Findings on Farm Based Initiatives

The following are the general observations from the field.

Lack of proper knowledge on cultivation practices, animal husbandry,

horticulture and poultry development programs offered by the government is

observed. The people must be trained on different farm related initiatives and be

linked with the various welfare programs. If possible they must be sent for

entrepreneurship skill training related to agri-based and NTFP industries.

Nearly 75% of the villagers are still living in the Thatched houses in the study

area. Though many rural housing schemes are said to be implemented in these

areas, very few tribal beneficiaries could availed it and those are also lying under

deteriorated conditions. The implementing agency can prepare a model plan and

to initiate construction of steel houses (IIT-Hyderabad model) that would be

durable, environmental friendly and long-lasting.

Various skill development training programs are said to be offered to the

stakeholders and community representatives in the study area. However, the

respondents feel that these programs were not given expected outcome and

hence, programs must be conducted with long duration as well as outside the

district jurisdiction.



Lack of adequate supply of drinking water - requires filter stations and proper

pipelines to access points in every villages

Solar home lighting systems to every households and solar street lights to every

poles.

Wire Fencing facilities were provided to some of the farmers in the villages. This

facility can also be extended to many other farmers so as to protect the crop from

animals.

Rural Artisans like Carpentry, Pottery, Blacksmith etc. are use with traditional

methods. The implementing agency can take necessary steps to Blend the latest

technology with tradition through Skill Development Programs for Professional

Development

6.1.3 Educational Support

NMDC is doing good initiation for the educational support to tribal children’s in

the villages. Though lesser support from parents, NMDC is trying to reach them

to educate.

Though NMDC supplies first quality material to the schools, these were not

properly maintained by the Tutors / staff in-charge in the schools.

Tutors appointed in the school are self-trained and managing to deliver the

services. They are not able to teach even Basic English to the students.

Students are attending classes in the normal school timings i.e., 10.00 AM to 4:00

PM, but not arriving early at 8.00 am as mentioned by the Math officials.

Parents also complaints that children become dull and getting sickness

frequently if they go to school. This may be due to improper environment and

unhygienic conditions in the school and its premises.

NMDC-MATH is supplying Horlicks to the children mixing with hot water instead

of milk.



6.1.4 Vocational Training Program

Intensive training for collecting, grading, packing and marketing of tamarind and

NTFP should be provided.

Solar training, cell phone repairing, electrical winding and plumbing works,

masonry, carpentry, vermin compost etc. to the rural youth linking with

professional training institutions like MSME, National skill Development Centres,

RSETIS, NIRD-RTP etc.

6.2 Hospital on Wheels:

Large number of Patients with water borne diseases are treated as they could

not get potable drinking water in their vicinities.

Villagers are seeking more services / trips (twice or thrice) in a week to every

village.

Parking and treatment timings can be enhanced from one hour to 2 hours in

every village.

Over consumption of alcoholic liquors and use of tobacco reduces their immune

system.

First-aid kits to the health assistants / volunteers in the villages

Need to involve SHGs for better coordination with HoW team.

Nutrition support to the antenatal / postnatal cases.

6.3 Implementing Agency (NMDC):

The implementation agency should have to prepare specific guidelines before

initiating any developmental projects / schemes / programs under CSR.

Need for concurrent monitoring on the implementing agency pertaining to the

activities of IVD.

NMDC should conduct monthly review meeting with implementing agency on the

progress of IVD and HoW Programs.

6.4 Coordinating Agency (Shamayita Math):

Provide more training inputs to the appointed staff and impart training to them

on overall coordination.

Improper records maintenance of found, needs to be updated.

Improve field level monitoring system should be strengthened



SUMMARY

Though CSR has a long tradition, it is a mounting concept that encourages

organisations like NMDC to consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for

the impact of the organisation’s activities on development of poor and downtrodden as

well as to protect the environment in all aspects of its operations. This obligation is

witnessed to extend beyond the expectations, voluntarily taking further steps to

improve the quality of life of the tribal communities at large.

Since 2009, the NMDC is implementing many initiatives, of which the Integrated

Village Development (IVD) and Hospital on Wheels (HoW) programs are gratefully

acknowledged by the stakeholders in the project areas. While analyzing the results

based on the developmental indicators of Likert Scale Measurement, the Integrated

Village Development (IVD) program receives 68 percent of its score, whereas the

Hospital on Wheels (HoW) receives 92 percent. (Score obtained: (1) Below 50 - Not

Satisfied; (2) 51 to 60 – Satisfied; (3) 61 to 70 – Moderately Satisfied; (4) 71 to 80 – Highly

Satisfied; (5) Above 80 – Excellent).

Overall, the study has indicated positive results of the initiatives and has direct

influence on the development of tribal beneficiaries, it is recommended that NMDC may

continue these programmes viz., IVD and HoW, with specific operational manuals. With

its potentiality and strength, these programmes can become live successful models for

the inclusive development in the country.

*******************



Table: Suggestions

Sl.No Name of the Activity Suggestions I Integrated Village Development (IVD) 1. Agriculture and Farm Based Initiatives

a Land Levelling

Motivate the farmers and other stakeholders for better land utilization practices and proper

cultivation methods.

The implementing agency may take necessary steps to level the land that fit for cultivation in

collaboration with concerned government departments (eg. MGNREGA), farmers, and village

level community representatives.

To facilitate financial assistance and arrange machineries (JCB/Bulldozers etc.) for land

levelling activities to ensure sustainable agricultural development.

b Integrated Watershed Management

Create awareness among the villagers on importance of water and make them to contribute

land for construction of watersheds, check dams, percolation tanks etc. by utilizing IWDP and

MGNREGA scheme funds could cater the needs of water shortage during crop cultivation.

Arrange alternative land and compensation to the farmers who donate their land for

community benefits.

NMDC can consider to construct watersheds, farm ponds, check bunds, percolation tanks etc.,

under its CSR initiatives.

c Dug Wells / Ring Wells to the Farmers

Implementing agency may consider to facilitate for loan or assist for funding requirements

and feasible solution.

Create follow-up mechanisms to repay the loans taken for such dug wells or ring wells.



d Water Distribution Tank

The level of these tanks should be raised as surface tanks so as to make easy flow of water to

the farms.

Solar pumps can be preferred instead of high powered electric engines.

Create water management committee for proper monitoring and utilization of water.

e Soil Testing and Crop Promotion

Implementing agency can arrange special camps for soil testing before initiation of crop

cultivation with agriculture extension departments.

Farmers must be convinced through motivation camps to change the crops according to the

results of soil tests.

f Solar Pump Sets to the Farmers:

Implementing agency can arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in collaboration with the

nodal agencies of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy sources at every level.

The farmers must be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of solar devices and

pump sets too.

g Animal Husbandry and its Importance:

Implementing agency can arrange for awareness and motivation camps on systematic cattle

rearing methods to the farmers in collaboration with animal husbandry department as it is

source of income to them.

The public must be motivated to keep their animals in the cattle-sheds without leaving them

to the open farms. If required, the implementing agency may prepare an action plan for

construction of cattle-sheds to the needy farmers.



While harvesting, the farmers are habituated to harvest the grain portions only and leaving

the grass at the farms. This leads to the shortage of feed to the cattle. Farmers must be taught

to preserve the grass portion of different crops so as to feed the animals at their sheds.

Since the people from the study area are not accustomed to consume milk, they are not

extracting milk from their cattle. Training must be given under dairy development schemes to

make this as a viable enterprise (milk collecting & vending centers) with funding support from

the implementing agency.

Besides, they must be trained towards practice of organic methods of cultivation using their

animal resources. They can be sent for training on vermi-compost, vermi-wash, preparation

of panchakavya etc., and to convert them into active entrepreneurs.

h Fruit Bering Trees Plantation:

Proper training classes can be arranged to create awareness among the community on

promotion of horticulture crops and its scope for subsidiary industries at their vicinities.

Implementing agency can facilitate the farmers to plant more horticulture crops under

MGNREGA scheme and any other related schemes of the government.

Arrange for solar pump sets to the farmers in collaboration with the nodal agencies of the

Ministry of New and Renewable energy sources at every level.

The farmers can be given intensive training on maintenance and repair of solar devices and

pump sets.

i Risk Management:

To overcome the risks in the farm practices, the implementing agencies need to focus on

conduct of awareness programs with regular follow-up mechanism.



Arrange exposure visits to outside the district and states mostly preferred to the research

stations like IARI Pusa, Delhi, ICRISAT at Hyderabad, Darwad Agricultural University,

Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and so on.

Provide adequate information at right time on market conditions, prices of commodities

including NTFP and other food products through SMS services.

j Findings on Farm Based Initiatives

Lack of proper knowledge on cultivation practices, animal husbandry, horticulture, and

poultry development programs offered by the government is observed. The people must be

trained on different farm related initiatives and be linked with the various welfare programs.

If possible they must be sent for entrepreneurship skill training related to agri-based and

NTFP industries.

Nearly 75% of the villagers are still living in the Thatched houses in the study area. Though

many rural housing schemes are said to be implemented in these areas, very few tribal

beneficiaries could availed it and those are also lying under deteriorated conditions. The

implementing agency can prepare a model plan and to initiate construction of steel houses

(IIT-Hyderabad model) that would be durable, environmental friendly and long-lasting.

Various skill development training programs are said to be offered to the stakeholders and

community representatives in the study area. However, the respondents feel that these

programs were not given expected outcome and hence, programs must be conducted with

long duration as well as outside the district jurisdiction.



Lack of adequate supply of drinking water - requires filter stations and proper pipelines to

access points in every villages

Solar home lighting systems to every households and solar street lights to every poles.

Wire Fencing facilities were provided to some of the farmers in the villages. This facility can

also be extended to many other farmers so as to protect the crop from animals.

Rural Artisans like Carpentry, Pottery, and Blacksmith etc. are use with traditional methods.

The implementing agency can take necessary steps to Blend the latest technology with

tradition through Skill Development Programs for Professional Development

2 Vocational Training Program

Intensive training for collecting, grading, packing and marketing of tamarind and NTFP should

be provided.

Solar training, cell phone repairing, electrical winding and plumbing works, masonry,

carpentry, vermin compost etc. to the rural youth linking with professional training

institutions like MSME, National skill Development Centres, RSETIS, NIRD-RTP etc.

3 Educational Support

NMDC is doing good initiation for the educational support to tribal children’s in the villages.

Though lesser support from parents, NMDC is trying to reach them to educate.

Though NMDC supplies first quality material to the schools, these were not properly

maintained by the Tutors / staff in-charge in the schools.



Tutors appointed in the school are self-trained and managing to deliver the services. They are

not able to teach even Basic English to the students.

Students are attending classes in the normal school timings i.e., 10.00 AM to 4:00 PM, but not

arriving early at 8.00 am as mentioned by the Math officials.

Parents also complaints that children become dull and getting sickness frequently if they go

to school. This may be due to improper environment and unhygienic conditions in the school

and its premises.

NMDC-MATH is supplying Horlicks to the children mixing with hot water instead of milk.

Name of the Activity

Suggestions

1 Hospital on Wheels Large number of Patients with water borne diseases are treated as they could not get potable

drinking water in their vicinities.

Villagers are seeking more services / trips (twice or thrice) in a week to every village.

Parking and treatment timings can be enhanced from one hour to 2 hours in every village.

Over consumption of alcoholic liquors and use of tobacco reduces their immune system.

First-aid kits to the health assistants / volunteers in the villages

Need to involve SHGs for better coordination with HoW team.

Nutrition support to the antenatal / postnatal cases.

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