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CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
CSR Policies in EU Member States: An Overview of Topics and Instruments
Reinhard SteurerGerald Berger
RIMAS - Research Institute for Managing SustainabilityVienna University of Economics and Business Administration
www.sustainability.eu
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR PoliciesConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instruments and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR Policies Conceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instruments and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Recent projects on SD
• “European Environment” special issue on SD Strategies in Europe
• European Sustainable Development Network: ESDN Office www.sd-network.eu (financed by 8 European countries)
Recent projects on CSR
• Policies on CSR in Europe (City of Vienna)
• Corporate Sustainability and CSR in Western and CEE Europe (Austrian National Bank)
• Analysis of National Policies on CSR -- www.sustainability.eu/csr-policies for EU CSR High Level Group (DG Employment)
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR Policies Conceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instruments and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Sustainable Development
Corporate Sustainability
Environm
ental dimension
Economic dimension
Soci
al d
imen
sion
CSR
SRMSRM
Societal Concept
Management Approach
Corporate Concept
Management Systems
Starting Point of conceptual development
Stakeholder Relations Management (SRM)
Level of specification
SR
M
EMAS ISO26000
Source: Steurer, R et al (2005), Journal of Business Ethics, 61/3, 263-281.
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Preliminary conclusions
„CSR is a business contribution to SD” (European Commission 2001)
Since CSR re-defines state-business and business-society relations, shaping concept and activities also concerns governments and civil society
CSR policies are a new „government contribution to SD“ that complements (or compensates for the lack of) traditional social and environmental policies
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR Policies Conceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instruments and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
CSR policy instruments
1. Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings
2. Partnering instruments: Agreements, networks, PPPs, dialogues
3. Financial or economic instruments: Subsidies, grants, prices/awards
4. Legal (mandating) instruments:Laws, regulations, decrees
5. „Hybrid instruments“Strategies, action plans, platforms, centres
Source: Fox T, Ward H, Howard B. 2002; World Bank; http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdf/full/16014IIED.pdf
CSR policies study on awareness raising, see www.sustinability.eu/csr-policies
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Character of policy instruments in general
1. Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings
2. Partnering instruments: Agreements, networks, PPPs, dialogues
3. Financial or economic instruments:
Subsidies, grants, prices/awards
4. Legal (mandating) instruments: Laws, regulations, decrees
5. „Hybrid instruments“
Strategies, action plans, platforms, centres
New governance and “soft-law
approach”
Regulatory approach
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Character of CSR policy instruments
1. Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings
2. Partnering instruments: Agreements, networks, PPPs, dialogues
3. Financial or economic instruments: Subsidies, grants, prices/awards
4. Legal (mandating) instruments: Laws, regulations, decrees
5. „Hybrid instruments“
Strategies, action plans, platforms, centres
New governance and “soft-law
approach”
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR Policies Conceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instrument and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Not traditional social and environmental regulations, but
Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR
Increase disclosure, transparency and stakeholder involvement
Foster Socially Responsible Investment
Help develop and apply management/audit tools and practices
Lead by example by adopting SR/SD practices in government
bodies, in particular regarding public procurement, reporting and
auditing
Key topics of CSR policies
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Not traditional social and environmental regulations, but
Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR
Increase disclosure, transparency and stakeholder involvement
Foster Socially Responsible Investment
Help develop and apply management/audit tools and practices
Lead by example by adopting SR/SD practices in government
bodies, in particular regarding public procurement, reporting
and auditing
Topics covered in study for DG Employment
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR Policies Conceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Topics and policy tools
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
CSR awareness raising initiatives in Europe
1. RationaleIncrease awareness for CSR among government authorities, businesses and stakeholders
2. Method24 telephone interviews - 20 EU Member States covered3 case studies (Sw, NL, Den)
3. Number of initiatives85
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Overview of CSR awareness raising instrumentsOverview of CSR awareness raising instruments
Education activities, e.g. conferences, seminars,
trainings; 17.7%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 10.6%
Information resources, e.g. website, studies, reports etc.; 10.6%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 9.4%
Networks/partnerships/ agreements; 10.6%
Multi-stakeholder fora; 4.8%
Prices and awards (CSR audits/labels); 8.2%
Economic incentives (loans, grants,
subsidies); 3.5%
Action plans/ programmes/strategy for
CSR; 9.4%
Institutions: platforms/ centres; 8.2%
Others; 7.0%
Informational or endorsing instruments
Partnering instruments
Financial or economic instruments
Hybrid tools and others
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Target groups of CSR awareness raisingTarget groups of CSR awareness raising
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Companies; 40.3%
Young people; 1.6%
Business/industry sectors; 1.6%
Universities/schools; 6.2%
Consumers/consumer organizations/general
public; 7%
Ministries/governmental officials; 7.6%
Trade unions/social partners; 8.5%
NGOs; 10.1%
SMEs; 12.4%
Employees; 1.6%
Others; 3.1%
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Target groups of CSR awareness raisingTarget groups of CSR awareness raising
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Companies; 40.3%Consumers/consumer organizations/general
public; 7%
Ministries/governmental officials; 7.6%
Trade unions/social partners; 8.5%
NGOs; 10.1%
SMEs; 12.4%
Few initiatives focus exclusively
on SMEs (no prices/awards) ---
generally regarded as most important
target group
Few initiatives focus exclusively
on SMEs (no prices/awards) ---
generally regarded as most important
target group
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Target groups of CSR awareness raisingTarget groups of CSR awareness raising
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Companies; 40.3%Consumers/consumer organizations/general
public; 7%
Ministries/governmental officials; 7.6%
Trade unions/social partners; 8.5%
NGOs; 10.1%
SMEs; 12.4%
Social partnersrarely mentioned as target group
(even not in networks, multi-stakeholder fora
etc.)
Social partnersrarely mentioned as target group
(even not in networks, multi-stakeholder fora
etc.)
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Three case studies on CSR awareness raising
Sweden: “Globalt Ansvar”
• Partnership for global responsibility
• Government invites companies to join the partnership
by adopting the OECD guidelines and the UN Global
Compact
Sweden: “Globalt Ansvar”
• Partnership for global responsibility
• Government invites companies to join the partnership
by adopting the OECD guidelines and the UN Global
Compact
Netherlands: “Knowledge and
Information Centre” on CSR since 2004
• Disseminate knowledge and good
practices
• Promote stakeholder dialogues
• Foster partnerships
Netherlands: “Knowledge and
Information Centre” on CSR since 2004
• Disseminate knowledge and good
practices
• Promote stakeholder dialogues
• Foster partnerships
Denmark: “People & Profit”
• Programme initiated in 2004
• Activities: research, training,
dissemination of information
• Goal: enhance competitiveness (foster CSR as a business case)
Denmark: “People & Profit”
• Programme initiated in 2004
• Activities: research, training,
dissemination of information
• Goal: enhance competitiveness (foster CSR as a business case)
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR Policies Conceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Topics and policy tools
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Sustainable Public Procurement
1. RationaleBy making public procurement sustainable governments provide economic incentives for CSR
2. Method24 interviews, 7 times (additional) written information, 26 EU Member States covered
3. Number of initiatives103
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
1/3
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
EU Directives* on PP: Status of implementation
19: implemented
2 (Es, Lux): in preparation
1: not implemented
5: status unclear
* „Procurement directive“ 2004/18/EC „Utilities directive“ 2004/17/EC
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
1/3
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Member States with National Action Plans on SPP/GPP
9: NAP adopted
7: NAP in preparation/ drafted
3: No (draft) NAP
8: Status unclear
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
Economic/financial instruments are missing, but…
Economic/financial instruments are missing, but…
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
Indirectly: All SPP initiatives foster CSR by
providing economic/ financial incentives
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Target groups of SPP initiativesTarget groups of SPP initiatives
Public sector in general; 66.0%
Business; 10.7%
Regional and/or local level; 6.8%
National/federal level; 19.4%
not identified; 8.7%
Others; 1.9%
„Direct“ target group: 92.2% public sector
„Indirect“ target group 100% businesses
„Direct“ target group: 92.2% public sector
„Indirect“ target group 100% businesses
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. Sustainable Develpoment: The context of CSR Policies Conceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Topics and policy tools
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
Conclusions on CSR policies in Europe
1. CSR policies are different to traditional policy fields because they rely more on new governance and soft-law
2. CSR policies can be pursued proactively or passively, depending on political ideologies and interests (change of course by the European Commission in 2005/2006!)
3. CSR policies complement traditional policies, i.e. they cannot replace social, environmental or trade regulations completely
CSR Policies in EU Member States The Role of Government in SR, 3 Nov 2007
THANK YOU!
Reinhard Steurer [email protected]
Gerald [email protected]
RIMAS – Research Institute for Managing SustainabilityVienna University of Economics and Business Administration
Vienna, Austria
www.sustainability.eu