CST ReviewDay 7

World HistoryCommunist Revolutions

Rise of Totalitarians

Causes

Widespread suffering and weak leadership under the Czar (poor working conditions, low wages).

Revolutionary movements that believed in a worker-run government…communism.

Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War. Bloody Sunday (unarmed protestors). World War I (high casualties, and economic ruin). The March Revolution (soldiers joining activists).

Leader

• Vladimir Lenin

Slogan

Outcome Czarist rule ends Bolshevik Party Communists take control Russian economy in shambles

industrial production drops trade all but ceases skilled workers flee the country

Lenin asserts his control by cruel methods Gulag (prison camps)Run by the Cheka

Rival

• Leon Trotsky

Stalinist Russia

Cultural Control: propaganda and control free speech.

Terror/Political Control: secret police and the Great Purge.

Economic Control: command economy, collectivization and the Five Year Plan.

Transformation in ChinaNationalists (Jiang) vs. Communists (Mao)

The Long MarchCommunists China (the People’s Republic)Great Leap Forward: communes and government

ownershipCultural Revolution: PEASANTS, Red GuardsTiananmen Square: protests for democratic

reforms

Country Leader Ideas/Policies Events US Policy Outcome

China Mao CommunismGreat Leap

ForwardCultural Revolution

Tiananmen Square

Containment Still communist

North Korea

Kim Jon Il

(Kim Sung Il’s

son)

Communism38th Parallel

Korea War(north

invades south)

Containment Still communist

Cuba Castro Communism Cuban Missile Crisis

Containment Still communist

Vietnam Ho Chi Minh

CommunismNationalism v. Imperialism

Vietcong

Vietnam War

Containment Still communist

Activity

1 arm in the air = Russian Revolution 2 arms in the air = China’s Revolution 3 arms (using a partner) = Stalinist USSR 4 arms (using a partner) = trick question

Had to withdrawal from WWI because a revolution broke out?

Slogan was peace, land, and bread?

Slogan wasLiberty, Equality, and Fraternity?

Used the Cheka to maintain control?

Used the Red Guard?

Led by Mao?

Led by Lenin?

Brought and end to the Czar’s rule?

Five Year Plan: collectivization and rapid industrial growth?

The Great Purge to murder millions?

The Great Purge to murder millions?

The Long March?

The Great Leap Forward:communes and government

ownership?

Cultural Revolution and the making peasants the new

HEROES!!!

Nationalist vs. Communists?

Genocide of the Jews?

Trotsky’s rival?

Used the youth to retain power?

Ended the Manchu dynasty?

Established the People’s Republic?

Jiang-Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)?

Tiananmen Square—student protest

Nation Germany Italy Soviet Union

Leader Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin

Political Party Nazi Fascist CommunistDates in Power 1933-1945 1922-1945 1928-1953Unifying Idea German “Master Race”

(nationalism)Lebensraum (imperialism )Rebuild the military (militarism)

Rebuild the Roman Empire (nationalism and imperialism)

Classless society

Economic Policy Capitalist Capitalist Communist: 5-year plan, collective farms

Control Total Less than total Total

Terror Holocaust 4,000 imprisoned Great Purge

Similarities • Ruled by a dictator—a glorified hero• Allowed only one political party• Emphasized total loyalty to the government and its

leader• Denied individual rights• Censored the press and other media• Used art, culture and mass communications to spread

propaganda • Encouraged a high birthrate and rewarded women

who had many children• Controlled people by terror—secret police

Drive for Empire

After World War I, Italy, Japan, and Germany all sought to increase their might. Italy and Germany still suffered the effect of the war, and Japan wanted to further the power it had gained during wartime.

By the 1930s, all three were led by military dictatorships in which the state held tremendous power and sought to expand that power by invading neighbor nations.

Japan

• Sought: natural resources, new markets for its goods, and room for population growth

• Conquests: – Manchuria, a Chinese province (1931)– Mainland China (1937)• The Rape of Nanking: atrocities against Chinese—

millions killed and tens of millions became homeless

Italy

• Sought: “New Roman Empire”• Conquests– Ethiopia (1935) and Albania (1939)

Germany

• Sought: rebuild its army and assert its strength• Conquests: – The Rhineland, between Germany and France

(1936)– Austria (1938)– The Sudetenland, area of Czechoslovakia (1938)– Czechoslovakia (1939)– Poland (1939)