cultural diffusion. spatial exchange ●processes of spatial exchange (diffusion), have influenced...
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Cultural Diffusion
Spatial Exchange
● Processes of spatial exchange (diffusion), have influenced events in the past and continue to shape the presento Diffusion - how something diffuses or spreads
● Can be applied to many things:o ideas, technology, products, diseases, religions
Cultural Diffusion
● The spread of ideas, goods, technologies, and cultural traits from one society to another
● Is a major cause of change within societies
Cultural DiffusionExamples:● Spread of technologies like cell phones and the internet● Religion
o Christianity & Islam started in neighboring areas and now have spread throughout the globe to become the world’s 1st and 2nd largest religions
● Food ● Fashion● American pop culture
Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
● refers to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, ideas, diseases and cultural characteristics between Europe and the Americas following Columbus’ voyage in 1492
● often referred to as exchange between Old World and New Worldo Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
Cultural Convergence● Cultural diffusion today is leading to cultural
convergence on a global scale, creating a common culture.o “to converge” - to come together and join
● Exampleso “Latin American” cultureo democratic ideaso English as the international language of businesso technologies such as cell phones, tvs, and interneto global sports
Cultural Divergence
● Cultural diffusion can also lead to cultural divergence - or separating of cultureso “to diverge” - to separate
● Examples:o Roman Empireo Aryan India
Historical Change
Historical Change
Many of the changes that the world and its people have gone through during its history have been caused or aided by geography. Some reasons are:● changes in physical and human geography● cultural diffusion● trade● conflict - internal & international● changes in transportation and energy● technological developments
Bering Land Bridge
Genocide
● the mass killing of an ethnic group, often with the intention of extermination
● Examples:o Holocaust o Hutus vs. Tutsis in Rwandao Khmer Rouge
● What about us? Native Americans, Japanese
Terrorism
● the use of violence and intimidation driven by a political goal
● Examples:o 9/11 attackso 1972 Olympics in Municho 1995 Oklahoma City bombingo cartel terrorism
Technological Innovation
● Technology - the use of materials, tools, and skills to meet human needs
Technological Innovation
● Refers to the development of new technologieso Information Technologieso GIS (Geographic Information Systems) - merges
mapmaking and database technologieso GPS (Global Positioning System)o Air Conditioningo Travelo Medicines
Desalinization
Process of heating and cooling salt water in order to separate the salt and make fresh water.● used to provide otherwise arid areas with
fresh water for human consumption and irrigation, examples:o Israel - desert area next to Mediterranean Sea, 40% of
its water is desalinated o El Paso, TX - one of the world’s largest desalinization
plants