cultural diversity/cultural competency more than we can see
TRANSCRIPT
Cultural DiversityCultural Cultural DiversityCultural CompetencyCompetency
More Than We Can SeeMore Than We Can See
Each person is Each person is representative of a representative of a
mixture of ldquocultures and mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellipexperiencesrdquohellip
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
What is Cultural What is Cultural CompetencyCompetencybull Cultural Competency is the Cultural Competency is the ability of ability of
individuals and systems individuals and systems to respond respectfully and effectively to people respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures classes races ethnic of all cultures classes races ethnic backgrounds and religions backgrounds and religions in a manner in a manner that recognizes affirms and values that recognizes affirms and values the cultural differences and similarities the cultural differences and similarities and the worth of individuals families and the worth of individuals families and communities and and communities and protects and protects and preserves the dignity of eachpreserves the dignity of each
In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellipIn other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
Treat all people Treat all people with respectwith respect
What is a culture What is a culture CultureCulture is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need
for an explanation for an explanation CultureCulture refers to the following Ways of Life refers to the following Ways of Life including but not limited toincluding but not limited to
bull LanguageLanguage the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated medium of expression medium of expression
bull Arts amp SciencesArts amp Sciences the most advanced and refined forms of human the most advanced and refined forms of human expression expression
bull ThoughtThought the ways in which people perceive interpret and the ways in which people perceive interpret and understand the world around them understand the world around them
bull SpiritualitySpirituality the value system transmitted through generations for the value system transmitted through generations for the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language and actions and actions
bull Social activitySocial activity the shared pursuits within a cultural community the shared pursuits within a cultural community demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events
bull InteractionInteraction the social aspects of human contact including the give- the social aspects of human contact including the give-and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions
bull All of the above collectively define the meaning of All of the above collectively define the meaning of CultureCulture
bull We need to examine our own cultural We need to examine our own cultural values and evaluate their interpersonal values and evaluate their interpersonal strengths and weaknesses strengths and weaknesses
bull We also need to recognize that We also need to recognize that differences in language age culture differences in language age culture socio economic status political and socio economic status political and religious beliefs sexual orientation religious beliefs sexual orientation and life experience and life experience add challenging add challenging dimensions to the dynamics of cross dimensions to the dynamics of cross cultural interactionscultural interactions
What OTHER types of cultures do What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle we recognize on a more subtle
levellevel
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME SOME SOME
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Each person is Each person is representative of a representative of a
mixture of ldquocultures and mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellipexperiencesrdquohellip
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
What is Cultural What is Cultural CompetencyCompetencybull Cultural Competency is the Cultural Competency is the ability of ability of
individuals and systems individuals and systems to respond respectfully and effectively to people respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures classes races ethnic of all cultures classes races ethnic backgrounds and religions backgrounds and religions in a manner in a manner that recognizes affirms and values that recognizes affirms and values the cultural differences and similarities the cultural differences and similarities and the worth of individuals families and the worth of individuals families and communities and and communities and protects and protects and preserves the dignity of eachpreserves the dignity of each
In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellipIn other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
Treat all people Treat all people with respectwith respect
What is a culture What is a culture CultureCulture is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need
for an explanation for an explanation CultureCulture refers to the following Ways of Life refers to the following Ways of Life including but not limited toincluding but not limited to
bull LanguageLanguage the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated medium of expression medium of expression
bull Arts amp SciencesArts amp Sciences the most advanced and refined forms of human the most advanced and refined forms of human expression expression
bull ThoughtThought the ways in which people perceive interpret and the ways in which people perceive interpret and understand the world around them understand the world around them
bull SpiritualitySpirituality the value system transmitted through generations for the value system transmitted through generations for the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language and actions and actions
bull Social activitySocial activity the shared pursuits within a cultural community the shared pursuits within a cultural community demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events
bull InteractionInteraction the social aspects of human contact including the give- the social aspects of human contact including the give-and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions
bull All of the above collectively define the meaning of All of the above collectively define the meaning of CultureCulture
bull We need to examine our own cultural We need to examine our own cultural values and evaluate their interpersonal values and evaluate their interpersonal strengths and weaknesses strengths and weaknesses
bull We also need to recognize that We also need to recognize that differences in language age culture differences in language age culture socio economic status political and socio economic status political and religious beliefs sexual orientation religious beliefs sexual orientation and life experience and life experience add challenging add challenging dimensions to the dynamics of cross dimensions to the dynamics of cross cultural interactionscultural interactions
What OTHER types of cultures do What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle we recognize on a more subtle
levellevel
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME SOME SOME
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
What is Cultural What is Cultural CompetencyCompetencybull Cultural Competency is the Cultural Competency is the ability of ability of
individuals and systems individuals and systems to respond respectfully and effectively to people respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures classes races ethnic of all cultures classes races ethnic backgrounds and religions backgrounds and religions in a manner in a manner that recognizes affirms and values that recognizes affirms and values the cultural differences and similarities the cultural differences and similarities and the worth of individuals families and the worth of individuals families and communities and and communities and protects and protects and preserves the dignity of eachpreserves the dignity of each
In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellipIn other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
Treat all people Treat all people with respectwith respect
What is a culture What is a culture CultureCulture is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need
for an explanation for an explanation CultureCulture refers to the following Ways of Life refers to the following Ways of Life including but not limited toincluding but not limited to
bull LanguageLanguage the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated medium of expression medium of expression
bull Arts amp SciencesArts amp Sciences the most advanced and refined forms of human the most advanced and refined forms of human expression expression
bull ThoughtThought the ways in which people perceive interpret and the ways in which people perceive interpret and understand the world around them understand the world around them
bull SpiritualitySpirituality the value system transmitted through generations for the value system transmitted through generations for the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language and actions and actions
bull Social activitySocial activity the shared pursuits within a cultural community the shared pursuits within a cultural community demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events
bull InteractionInteraction the social aspects of human contact including the give- the social aspects of human contact including the give-and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions
bull All of the above collectively define the meaning of All of the above collectively define the meaning of CultureCulture
bull We need to examine our own cultural We need to examine our own cultural values and evaluate their interpersonal values and evaluate their interpersonal strengths and weaknesses strengths and weaknesses
bull We also need to recognize that We also need to recognize that differences in language age culture differences in language age culture socio economic status political and socio economic status political and religious beliefs sexual orientation religious beliefs sexual orientation and life experience and life experience add challenging add challenging dimensions to the dynamics of cross dimensions to the dynamics of cross cultural interactionscultural interactions
What OTHER types of cultures do What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle we recognize on a more subtle
levellevel
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME SOME SOME
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellipIn other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
Treat all people Treat all people with respectwith respect
What is a culture What is a culture CultureCulture is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need
for an explanation for an explanation CultureCulture refers to the following Ways of Life refers to the following Ways of Life including but not limited toincluding but not limited to
bull LanguageLanguage the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated medium of expression medium of expression
bull Arts amp SciencesArts amp Sciences the most advanced and refined forms of human the most advanced and refined forms of human expression expression
bull ThoughtThought the ways in which people perceive interpret and the ways in which people perceive interpret and understand the world around them understand the world around them
bull SpiritualitySpirituality the value system transmitted through generations for the value system transmitted through generations for the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language and actions and actions
bull Social activitySocial activity the shared pursuits within a cultural community the shared pursuits within a cultural community demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events
bull InteractionInteraction the social aspects of human contact including the give- the social aspects of human contact including the give-and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions
bull All of the above collectively define the meaning of All of the above collectively define the meaning of CultureCulture
bull We need to examine our own cultural We need to examine our own cultural values and evaluate their interpersonal values and evaluate their interpersonal strengths and weaknesses strengths and weaknesses
bull We also need to recognize that We also need to recognize that differences in language age culture differences in language age culture socio economic status political and socio economic status political and religious beliefs sexual orientation religious beliefs sexual orientation and life experience and life experience add challenging add challenging dimensions to the dynamics of cross dimensions to the dynamics of cross cultural interactionscultural interactions
What OTHER types of cultures do What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle we recognize on a more subtle
levellevel
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME SOME SOME
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
What is a culture What is a culture CultureCulture is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need is a definition highly misunderstood and misused thus the need
for an explanation for an explanation CultureCulture refers to the following Ways of Life refers to the following Ways of Life including but not limited toincluding but not limited to
bull LanguageLanguage the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated medium of expression medium of expression
bull Arts amp SciencesArts amp Sciences the most advanced and refined forms of human the most advanced and refined forms of human expression expression
bull ThoughtThought the ways in which people perceive interpret and the ways in which people perceive interpret and understand the world around them understand the world around them
bull SpiritualitySpirituality the value system transmitted through generations for the value system transmitted through generations for the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language the inner well-being of human beings expressed through language and actions and actions
bull Social activitySocial activity the shared pursuits within a cultural community the shared pursuits within a cultural community demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events
bull InteractionInteraction the social aspects of human contact including the give- the social aspects of human contact including the give-and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions and-take of socialization negotiation protocol and conventions
bull All of the above collectively define the meaning of All of the above collectively define the meaning of CultureCulture
bull We need to examine our own cultural We need to examine our own cultural values and evaluate their interpersonal values and evaluate their interpersonal strengths and weaknesses strengths and weaknesses
bull We also need to recognize that We also need to recognize that differences in language age culture differences in language age culture socio economic status political and socio economic status political and religious beliefs sexual orientation religious beliefs sexual orientation and life experience and life experience add challenging add challenging dimensions to the dynamics of cross dimensions to the dynamics of cross cultural interactionscultural interactions
What OTHER types of cultures do What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle we recognize on a more subtle
levellevel
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME SOME SOME
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull We need to examine our own cultural We need to examine our own cultural values and evaluate their interpersonal values and evaluate their interpersonal strengths and weaknesses strengths and weaknesses
bull We also need to recognize that We also need to recognize that differences in language age culture differences in language age culture socio economic status political and socio economic status political and religious beliefs sexual orientation religious beliefs sexual orientation and life experience and life experience add challenging add challenging dimensions to the dynamics of cross dimensions to the dynamics of cross cultural interactionscultural interactions
What OTHER types of cultures do What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle we recognize on a more subtle
levellevel
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME SOME SOME
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
What OTHER types of cultures do What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle we recognize on a more subtle
levellevel
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME SOME SOME
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull DrugsDrugs
bull AlcoholAlcohol
bull Single motherSingle mother
bull Victim of AbuseVictim of Abuse
bull Persons with mental health Persons with mental health challengeschallenges
bull People with little or no moneyPeople with little or no money
bull People with lots of moneyPeople with lots of money
bull HomelessHomeless
bull JoblessJobless
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull EducationEducation
bull Social statusSocial status
bull Job lack of jobJob lack of job
bull ReligionReligion
bull PossessionsPossessions
bull PoliticsPolitics
bull GenderGender
bull Gender PreferenceGender Preference
bull MusicMusic
bull AgeismAgeism
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bullHave you ever been the Have you ever been the subject of a negative reaction subject of a negative reaction based only on your based only on your membership in a groupmembership in a group
bullHow about a positive reaction How about a positive reaction for the same reasonfor the same reason
bullWhy do people have negative Why do people have negative stereotypes about othersstereotypes about others
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Views Are Like IcebergsViews Are Like Icebergsbull Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight Just as 90 of an iceberg is out of sight
very little can be determined about a person very little can be determined about a person based on their appearance Stereotypes are based on their appearance Stereotypes are opinions based on their appearanceopinions based on their appearance
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Labels Help us to IdentifyLabels Help us to Identify
bull Knowing the contents of a can Knowing the contents of a can without looking insidewithout looking inside
bull Labels and PeopleLabels and Peoplendash How are labels used to describe How are labels used to describe
peoplepeoplendash How often does this occurHow often does this occur
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
What is DiversityWhat is DiversitybullDiversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ from one another
bull Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Diversity canrsquot be narrowly defined Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating Itrsquos simply embracing and celebrating the differences we all embody the differences we all embody
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Diversity Involves
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Elements of DiversityElements of Diversity
bull AgeAge
bull GenderGender
bull EthnicityEthnicity
bull RaceRace
bull Physical AbilityPhysical Ability
bull Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation
bull Physical Physical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
bull IncomeIncome
bull EducationEducation
bull Marital StatusMarital Status
bull Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
bull Geographic LocationGeographic Location
bull Parental Status Parental Status
bull Personality TypePersonality Type
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Primary dimensionsPrimary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that are aspects of ourselves that we cannot change They are things people know we cannot change They are things people know about us before we even open our mouths about us before we even open our mouths because they are physically visible (except sexual because they are physically visible (except sexual orientation) When people feel they are being orientation) When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary dimension they stereotyped based on primary dimension they can be very sensitive about itcan be very sensitive about it
bull Secondary dimensionsSecondary dimensions are elements we have are elements we have some power to change People are less sensitive some power to change People are less sensitive about secondary dimensions We also have the about secondary dimensions We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or choice of whether to disclose this information or not we can conceal these characteristics not we can conceal these characteristics
Dimensions of DiversityDimensions of Diversity
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Secondary Dimensions of Secondary Dimensions of DiversityDiversity
Sexual Orientation
Race
Gender
Physical Qualities
Age
Ethnicity
Work Background
Income Geographic Location
Parental Status
Marital Status
Education Military Experience
Religious Beliefs
Loden and Rosener 1991
Primary Dimensions of DiversityPrimary Dimensions of Diversity
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
If we could shrink the earths population to a If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would bewould look like this There would be
ndash 61 Asians61 Asiansndash 12 Europeans12 Europeansndash 14 from the Western 14 from the Western
Hemisphere both north Hemisphere both north and southand south
ndash 13 Africans13 Africansndash 50 would be female50 would be femalendash 50 would be male50 would be malendash 74 would be nonwhite74 would be nonwhitendash 26 would be white26 would be whitendash 67 would be non-Christian67 would be non-Christianndash 33 would be Christian33 would be Christianndash 89 would be heterosexual89 would be heterosexual
ndash 6 people would possess 6 people would possess 59 of the entire worlds 59 of the entire worlds wealth and all 6 would be wealth and all 6 would be from the United Statesfrom the United States
ndash 80 would live in 80 would live in substandard housingsubstandard housing
ndash 14 would be unable to read14 would be unable to readndash 33 would die of famine33 would die of faminendash 1 would be near death1 would be near deathndash 1 would be near birth1 would be near birthndash 7 would have a college 7 would have a college
educationeducationndash 8 would own a computer8 would own a computerndash 11 would be homosexual 11 would be homosexual
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Approaches to Approaches to
DiversityDiversity The Golden Rule
ndash1960s assimilation ldquostop treating people badlyrdquo
Right the Wrongs
ndash1970s affirmative action created ldquous versus themrdquo
Value Differences
ndashYear 2000 and beyond diversity is an asset
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
PREJUDICEPREJUDICE
STEREOTYPESTEREOTYPE
DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
Generalized Generalized attitudeattitude towards towards members of a members of a groupgroup
BehaviorsBehaviors directed towards directed towards people on the people on the basis of their basis of their group group membershipmembership
Generalized Generalized beliefbelief about about members of a members of a groupgroup
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Labeling = Stereotype Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Prejudice amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bull Categorizing can be dangerous Categorizing can be dangerous Labels can become too rigid and Labels can become too rigid and when there is no room for growth the when there is no room for growth the label becomes stifling both for the label becomes stifling both for the individuals who are labeled and for individuals who are labeled and for the category itselfthe category itself
bullThis leads to Stereotypes Prejudice amp Discrimination
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Primary CharacteristicsQualities We Are Born With
bull 1048708 Gender
bull 1048708 Eye Color
bull 1048708 Hair Color
bull 1048708 Race
bull 1048708 Birth Defects
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Secondary Characteristics
bull Religion
bull Educational Level
bull Parental Status
bull Geographic Location
bull Socioeconomic Status
bull Sexual IdentitySexual Identity
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp DiscriminationDiscrimination
bullNegative prejudices stem fromNegative prejudices stem fromndash Social learningSocial learningndash ThreatsThreats
bull Is being prejudiced against one Is being prejudiced against one group the same as being group the same as being prejudiced against another prejudiced against another groupgroupndash Eg Do people who have prejudices Eg Do people who have prejudices
against women and homosexuals have against women and homosexuals have those prejudices for the same reasonthose prejudices for the same reasonSAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health
Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Prejudice Stereotype amp Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination Discrimination
bull Prejudice is learnedPrejudice is learned
bull If we become prejudiced against If we become prejudiced against groups because they threaten us groups because they threaten us perhaps groups that trigger perhaps groups that trigger certaincertain threats will also trigger threats will also trigger certaincertain prejudices and prejudices and certaincertain reactions reactions
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Reducing Prejudice Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp DiscriminationStereotypes amp Discrimination
What can we do to reduce the existence or expression of prejudice stereotyping and
discrimination
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Self-Fulfilling PropheciesSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies
bull A false belief that leads to its own fulfillmentA false belief that leads to its own fulfillment
11 Perceiver develops false belief about a targetPerceiver develops false belief about a target
22 Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent Perceiver treats target in a manner consistent with false beliefwith false belief
33 Target responds to the treatment in such a Target responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false beliefway as to confirm the originally false belief
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Two Types of Self Fulfilling Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)Prophecies (SFPrsquos)bull Positive SFPs Positive SFPs
11Perceiver overestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver overestimates targetrsquos ability
11Perceiver treats target consistent with that Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly positive beliefoverly positive belief
22Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly positive beliefpositive belief
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Negative SFPs Negative SFPs
11Perceiver underestimates targetrsquos abilityPerceiver underestimates targetrsquos ability
22Perceiver treats target consistent with Perceiver treats target consistent with that overly negative beliefthat overly negative belief
33Target responds by confirming the overly Target responds by confirming the overly negative beliefnegative belief
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Danger of First ImpressionsDanger of First Impressions
bull We make decisions about people We make decisions about people every dayevery day
bull Our first impressions canOur first impressions canndash Influence our working relationshipsInfluence our working relationshipsndash Be affected by stereotypes of which we Be affected by stereotypes of which we
are not awareare not aware
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
How are our first impressions of others formed
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Forming PerceptionsForming Perceptions
bull Through our life experiences teach Through our life experiences teach us about our place in a group or us about our place in a group or societysociety
bull We tend to beWe tend to bendash Be raised in groups just like usBe raised in groups just like usndash Gravitate to similar peopleGravitate to similar peoplendash Be uncomfortable with differencesBe uncomfortable with differences
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
bull We mistakenly believe thatWe mistakenly believe thatndash All people All people like us on the surfacelike us on the surface are are
similarsimilar in all other ways in all other waysndash All people who are All people who are unlike us on unlike us on
surfacesurface are are differentdifferent in all other ways in all other ways
bull We view others through lens of group We view others through lens of group stereotypestereotype
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Why do we need to understand how Why do we need to understand how perceptions are formedperceptions are formed
bull If people respond well to you and If people respond well to you and appreciate your work how do you feelappreciate your work how do you feel
bull When others avoid you because of When others avoid you because of negative perceptions how do you feelnegative perceptions how do you feel
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Exclusion BringsExclusion Brings
bull Less interest in performing to full Less interest in performing to full capacitycapacity
bull Cultural life and traditions seem Cultural life and traditions seem distinctdistinct
bull Over sensitivityOver sensitivity
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Being Accepted StimulatesBeing Accepted Stimulates
bullPositive feelingsPositive feelings
bullA more productive and enjoyable A more productive and enjoyable workplaceworkplace
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bullSo how do we get there So how do we get there
bullHow do we appreciate others How do we appreciate others amp then communicate that amp then communicate that acceptanceacceptance
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Keys to Working Well w Keys to Working Well w OthersOthers
bullCommunicating openlyCommunicating openly
bullListeningListening
bullEstablishing respect and Establishing respect and understandingunderstanding
bullDiscussing issues as they ariseDiscussing issues as they arise
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
How can we respond to How can we respond to differences in the workplacedifferences in the workplace
bull Positively ndash Positively ndash Irsquoll embrace this challengeIrsquoll embrace this challenge
bull Negatively ndash Negatively ndash Irsquoll resist this (No one can force Irsquoll resist this (No one can force me)me)
bull Indifferently ndash Indifferently ndash Whatever No skin off my nose Whatever No skin off my nose either wayhellip I treat everyone the sameeither wayhellip I treat everyone the same
bull Proactively ndash Proactively ndash I need to learn about this before I need to learn about this before I encounter it firsthandI encounter it firsthand
bull Reactively ndash Reactively ndash Uh oh What should I doUh oh What should I do
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Anne Frank
ldquoWe all live with the objective of being happy our lives are all different and yet the samerdquo
In the workplace we recognize co-workerrsquosclientsrsquo unique differences while recognizing what they have in common the human condition ndash this ldquoobjective of being happyrdquo
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Cultural CompetenceCultural Competencerequires that educatorsrequires that educators
bull have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to behaviors attitudes policies and structures that enable them to teach effectively cross-culturally teach effectively cross-culturally
bull have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-have the capacity to (1) value diversity (2) conduct self-assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire assessment (3) manage the dynamics of difference (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and institutionalize cultural knowledge and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve
bull incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making incorporate the above in all aspects of policy making administration practice service delivery and involve administration practice service delivery and involve systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities systematically consumers key stakeholders and communities
~National Center for Cultural Competence~National Center for Cultural Competence
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
From One End to the OtherFrom One End to the Other
bull PovertyPoverty (Students do not have (Students do not have basic school supplies may basic school supplies may experience malnutrition have experience malnutrition have limited to no travel experiences)limited to no travel experiences)
bull Disability Disability (Physical or academic (Physical or academic ndash challenges and limitations will ndash challenges and limitations will be a factor in the classroom)be a factor in the classroom)
bull Abuse amp Neglect Abuse amp Neglect (Negative (Negative personal experiences can have personal experiences can have negative effects on learning)negative effects on learning)
bull English as a Second English as a Second Language Language (Immigrant and (Immigrant and refugee children face challenges refugee children face challenges beyond language learning)beyond language learning)
bull Facing Prejudice Facing Prejudice (Whatever (Whatever the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be the ldquodifferencesrdquo they may be negatively perceived by others)negatively perceived by others)
bull AffluenceAffluence (Students travel own (Students travel own books computers supplies their books computers supplies their own study area etc)own study area etc)
bull Ability Ability (Gifted and high ability (Gifted and high ability students require additional students require additional challenge just as athletically gifted challenge just as athletically gifted students seek outlets for their students seek outlets for their talents)talents)
bull Nurturing Home Life Nurturing Home Life (Students (Students are encouraged praised read to are encouraged praised read to etc in their homes)etc in their homes)
bull Multicultural Multicultural (Students who have (Students who have had positive cultural experiences had positive cultural experiences have greater insight and have greater insight and understanding)understanding)
bull Fostering Acceptance Fostering Acceptance (Teachers must move beyond (Teachers must move beyond ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in ldquotolerancerdquo to ldquoacceptancerdquo in modeling attitudes)modeling attitudes)
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
helliphelliptalent comes in all shapes talent comes in all shapes and sizeshellipand sizeshellip
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
hellip hellip and it also comes in all and it also comes in all different containersdifferent containers
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Not only Not only canrsquotcanrsquot we judge a book by its cover we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree ideas with which we donrsquot agree
RecognizeRecognize accommodateaccommodate and and valuevalue ALL ALL of your co-workersclients for what they of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be represent and what they have to offer Be positivepositive and and proactiveproactive in this endeavor in this endeavor
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
ldquoldquoI used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot I used to ask myself lsquoWhy doesnrsquot somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I somebody do somethingrsquo Then I realized I am somebodyrdquoam somebodyrdquo
-- Jane Wagner-- Jane Wagner
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Collusion DefinedCollusion Defined
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Collusion is cooperation with others knowingly or unknowingly to reinforce stereotypical attitudes prevailing behaviors and norms
Types of collusion include
bull Silence
bullDenial
bullActive Participation
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
PARADIGMSPARADIGMS
Paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the
way we see things
SAMHSA Office of Minority Health and Health Resources and Administration Quality Health Services for Hispanics The Cultural Competency Component 2001
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
PARADIGM SHIFTPARADIGM SHIFT
bull The next time you are in The next time you are in a situation with some a situation with some member of an out-group member of an out-group take 2 minutes totake 2 minutes tondash Take their perspectiveTake their perspectivendash See if you can image how See if you can image how
they see the situation they see the situation differently from you and differently from you and what aspects they might what aspects they might be concentrating onbe concentrating on
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
CULTURAL SENSITIVITYCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
bull The ability to be open to learning The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different about and accepting of different cultural groupscultural groups
bullldquoIf we are aware of our biases we can correct themmdashas when driving a car that drifts to the right we steer left to go where we intend
-- Mahzarin Banaji
US US Department of Health and Human Services OPHSDepartment of Health and Human Services OPHSNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care March 2001
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
ldquoBy 2050
bullthe US population is expected to increase by 50 and
bullminority groups will make up nearly half of the populationhellip
bullThe population of older Americans is expected to more than double
bullOne-quarter of all Americans will be of Hispanic originhellip
bullMore women and people with disabilities will be on the jobrdquo US Department of Labor Futurework Trends and Challenges
for Work in the 21st Century Washington DD (Labor Day 1999)
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
ldquoTreat others as they want to be treatedrdquo
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural CompetencyIndividualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
bullLearning is like a journey in that it is a path that we follow
bull A model developed by David Hoopes gives us a model to cultural competency
bullHis outline illustrates the development of cultural competency in every one of us
bullCompetency implies having the capacity to function effectively
bullIt will be interesting to see where we as individual fit into this continuum
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
PATH OF INTERCULTURAL PATH OF INTERCULTURAL LEARNINGLEARNING
Multiculturation
Selective Adoption
AppreciationValuing
AcceptanceRespect
UnderstandingAwareness
Ethnocentricity
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
Ethnocentricity ndash This is a state of relying on our own and only our own paradigms based on our cultural heritage We view the world through narrow filters and we will only accept information that fits our paradigms We resist andor discard others
Awareness ndash This is the point at which we begin to realize that there are things that exist which fall outside the realm of our cultural paradigms
Understanding- This is the point at which we are not only aware that there are things that fall outside our cultural paradigms but we see the reason for their existence
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Individualrsquos Path to Cultural Competency
AcceptanceRespect - This is when we begin allowing those from other cultures to just be who they are and that it is OKAY for things to not always fit into our paradigms
AppreciationValue- This is the point where we begin seeing the worth in the things that fall outside our own cultural paradigms
Selective Adoption - This is the point at which we begin using things that were initially outside our own cultural paradigms
Multiculturation- This is when we have begun integrating our lives with our experiences from a variety of cultural experiences
Hoopes David 1979 ldquoIntercultural Communication Concepts and the Psychology of Intercultural Experiencerdquo in Margaret Pusch ed Multicultural Education A Cross-Cultural Training Approach Yarmouth ME Intercultural Press
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Civilizations should be measured by the degree of diversity attained and the degree of unity retained
mdash WH Auden English poet (1907-1973)
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Having respect for cultural differences learning basic characteristics of other cultures can help you avoid misunderstandings and offending others unintentionally
Many US citizens still retain identification with their own ethnic group and consequently may have different needs and values from the dominant group For instance researchers have noted that minority groups have different cultural values and biases concerning career and family
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
Communication is an area that can be especially challenging for those uninformed about cultural differences A simple nod of the head or smile may be interpreted as something you had not intended
For example around the world a smile can relay many emotions not just happiness or pleasure as in the US
In Japan people smile when they are sad angry confused and happy Asians smile to show disagreement anger confusion and frustration Some people from Japan and Asia will not smile for official photos such as passport photos because these are considered serious occasions and they do not want to look as if they are not taking the situation lightly
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Eye contact varies around the world Eye contact varies around the world as well If a client will not look you in as well If a client will not look you in the eye when speaking do not take the eye when speaking do not take it as an insult it as an insult
bull Some people from Asia Haiti and Some people from Asia Haiti and some Latin American cultures avoid some Latin American cultures avoid eye contact as a sign of respecteye contact as a sign of respect
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearly It may sound It may sound simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if simplistic but donrsquot shout at people if they donrsquot understand why you are they donrsquot understand why you are saying Restate the statement in a saying Restate the statement in a different way or repeat it more slowly different way or repeat it more slowly
bull When speaking avoid using slang and When speaking avoid using slang and common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin common idioms Idioms such as ldquoin the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or the long runrdquo ldquono kiddingrdquo or ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can ldquobarking up the wrong treerdquo can cause confusions for non-native cause confusions for non-native English speakers English speakers
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo Many cultures have difficulty saying ldquonordquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo to a request and some may say ldquoyesrdquo when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully when the answer is really ldquonordquo Carefully phrase questions so that they can be phrase questions so that they can be answered positively For example ldquoWhat answered positively For example ldquoWhat can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo can I do to help you achieve your goalrdquo
bull Of course clients should be referred to Of course clients should be referred to
servicesproviders that speak their servicesproviders that speak their language if possible Even though some language if possible Even though some clients may have enough skills to speak clients may have enough skills to speak English they may be more comfortable English they may be more comfortable communicating emotions and personal communicating emotions and personal details of their life in their native details of their life in their native language language
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Names amp TitlesNames amp Titlesbull People in the US generally call each People in the US generally call each
other by their first names but this is other by their first names but this is not true of all cultures not true of all cultures
bull Ask people how they would like to be Ask people how they would like to be addressed Make sure to call them by addressed Make sure to call them by the name they give you not the US the name they give you not the US equivalent or nickname unless they equivalent or nickname unless they prefer it prefer it
bull If you have difficulty saying their If you have difficulty saying their name ask for the correct name ask for the correct pronunciation pronunciation
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Generalization research about a particular culture Generalization research about a particular culture is only one aspect of really understanding your is only one aspect of really understanding your client client
bull It comes down to developing that one-on-one It comes down to developing that one-on-one relationship with all your clients so you are NOT relationship with all your clients so you are NOT generalizing or stereotypinggeneralizing or stereotyping
bull Understanding the person sitting next to you means first Understanding the person sitting next to you means first understanding how they got thererdquo understanding how they got thererdquo
bull When they talk about their experiences they feel they are When they talk about their experiences they feel they are building a relationship and there is a trust that builds building a relationship and there is a trust that builds
bull Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel Many minority groups (ethnic gender age etc) may feel they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice they are less likely to receive services because of prejudice against them They may be reluctant to seek help because against them They may be reluctant to seek help because they donrsquot believe anyone will help themthey donrsquot believe anyone will help them
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic Clients who belong to a racial or ethnic minority may have partners who use their minority may have partners who use their common experiences with prejudice and common experiences with prejudice and understandable fear of prejudice to understandable fear of prejudice to discourage seeking servicesdiscourage seeking services
bull They may suggest that they are ldquoselling They may suggest that they are ldquoselling
outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outrdquo to ldquothe white manrdquo by seeking help outside their own community outside their own community
bull Additionally the client may be concerned Additionally the client may be concerned about encountering prejudice from staff about encountering prejudice from staff volunteers other clients and the judicial volunteers other clients and the judicial systemsystem
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-Many times we tend to promote a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions fits-allrdquo solution based on our perceptions and do not account for all of the important and do not account for all of the important intersection of race culture etc One intersection of race culture etc One person is not indicative of a whole race age person is not indicative of a whole race age group gender religion etcgroup gender religion etc
bull Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures Keep in mind that there are sub-cultures within a culture Is the person you are within a culture Is the person you are speaking to coming from a life of poverty speaking to coming from a life of poverty Middle class Wealth Are they religious Middle class Wealth Are they religious Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make Non-Religious Etc All of these factors make a difference in how you communicate with a difference in how you communicate with that personthat person
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Also OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES and information from our families and information from our families friends and culture tend to form our friends and culture tend to form our perceptions of another culture perceptions of another culture when when we really do not have all the we really do not have all the informationinformation
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Cultural GeneralizationsCultural Generalizations
very general hellipvery general hellip
Again keep in mind Again keep in mind everyone is a unique everyone is a unique
individualindividual
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Persons of ColorPersons of Color
bull Persons of color comprise highly Persons of color comprise highly varied populations and make diverse varied populations and make diverse choices in coping functioning and choices in coping functioning and empowering themselves empowering themselves
bull They are highly diverse with regard They are highly diverse with regard to economic status family structure to economic status family structure occupations and lifestyle occupations and lifestyle
bull In addition differences exist within In addition differences exist within the same ethnic and racial groupthe same ethnic and racial group
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull An An acculturated acculturated person of color is one who has person of color is one who has chosen to assimilate into while society and has chosen to assimilate into while society and has rejected the general attitudes behavior customs rejected the general attitudes behavior customs and rituals of their culture of originand rituals of their culture of origin
bull A A bicultural bicultural person of color has pride in hisher person of color has pride in hisher racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable racial and cultural identity and yet is comfortable operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world operating in the ldquowhiterdquo world
bull A A culturally immersed culturally immersed person of color has person of color has openly rejected white values embracing the openly rejected white values embracing the identity and traditions of hisher cultural groupidentity and traditions of hisher cultural group
bull A person of color with a A person of color with a traditionaltraditional interpersonal interpersonal style usually has limited contact outside their style usually has limited contact outside their community of color may be older or newly community of color may be older or newly immigrated and speaks only the language of immigrated and speaks only the language of hisher traditional culturehisher traditional culture
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Depending on a personrsquos place in Depending on a personrsquos place in the acculturation process the the acculturation process the challenges to helping himher challenges to helping himher address their problems varyaddress their problems vary
bull While there is a great diversity While there is a great diversity among people of color they all among people of color they all face one common barrierhellipthe face one common barrierhellipthe racism in our cultureracism in our culture
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Racism and White Privilege Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and wellhelliphellip Alive and wellIn a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans In a poll taken in 2007 only 6 of white Americans
believed that racism is still a significant problem in believed that racism is still a significant problem in this countrythis country
In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans In a poll a few years earlier 12 of white Americans believed that is was possible that Elvis was still alivebelieved that is was possible that Elvis was still alive
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
African AmericanAfrican Americanbull More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader More matriarchal family oldest women is the leader
however man is head of household (Immediate however man is head of household (Immediate family)family)
bull Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)Extended families (not necessarily blood relative)bull Take care of their own problemsTake care of their own problemsbull Mistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltyMistrust of white systemconflicted loyaltybull Religion important (especially the women)Religion important (especially the women)bull If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out If man canrsquot provide for family (drugs etc) he is out
of the house however if he reforms he can come of the house however if he reforms he can come backback
bull Many homes are in womenrsquos name onlyMany homes are in womenrsquos name onlybull Women handle disciplining of childrenWomen handle disciplining of childrenbull Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)Women handle money (buy his clothes shop bills)
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends Women do not answer the door (menrsquos friends not allowed in house unless husband is home)not allowed in house unless husband is home)
bull Men do not open the mailMen do not open the mailbull Touching and hugging common Touching and hugging common bull Sundays ndash family mealsSundays ndash family mealsbull No disrespecting mothersNo disrespecting mothersbull Will go to great lengths to take in children Will go to great lengths to take in children
parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to parents and other relatives so they donrsquot have to access services (nursing homes counseling access services (nursing homes counseling foster care etc) Rather do without than access foster care etc) Rather do without than access servicesservices
bull Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of Some cultures (ie Haitian eye contact sign of disrespect)disrespect)
bull More accepting of individuality in children (gay More accepting of individuality in children (gay etc)etc)
bull Women taught that they must learn to support Women taught that they must learn to support themselves in case husband leavesthemselves in case husband leaves
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
HispanicHispanicbull Patriarchal family system Patriarchal family system bull Extended families (usually blood relative)Extended families (usually blood relative)bull Religion high priorityReligion high prioritybull Counseling more common with religious leadersCounseling more common with religious leadersbull Eye contact sign of disrespectEye contact sign of disrespectbull No support from family for accessing services No support from family for accessing services
outside cultureoutside culturebull Distrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemDistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull More comfortable speaking in their own language More comfortable speaking in their own language
when they are discussing feelings and emotionswhen they are discussing feelings and emotionsbull Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide Sense of pride is paramount (men must provide
for families)for families)
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Women are more passive (can work but preferred Women are more passive (can work but preferred not)not)
bull Keep race pureKeep race purebull Sonrsquos education more important than daughtersSonrsquos education more important than daughtersbull Men responsible for discipline of childrenMen responsible for discipline of childrenbull Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)Mothers are sacred (especially for sons)bull Celebrations holidays groups activities within Celebrations holidays groups activities within
culture highly importantculture highly importantbull Dinner is family eventDinner is family eventbull Use of formal and informal language and Use of formal and informal language and
addressing people depending on addressing people depending on relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of relationshiphellipothers using familiar tense of language disrespectfullanguage disrespectful
bull No familiar touching expect with very close friends No familiar touching expect with very close friends or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of or familyhellipeven within familyhellipno touch of facehellipsign of disrespect facehellipsign of disrespect
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
AsianAsian
bull Extended family (usually blood relative)Extended family (usually blood relative)bull Familyrsquos goals more important than goals of the oneFamilyrsquos goals more important than goals of the onebull Unequal status between men and womenUnequal status between men and womenbull Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo Contacting outside sources for help may bring ldquoshamerdquo
to familyto familybull Direct eye contact disrespectfulDirect eye contact disrespectfulbull May smile when angered confused sad etc will May smile when angered confused sad etc will
appear to be calmappear to be calmbull Emotional control highly importantEmotional control highly importantbull Assuming responsibility for problems considered Assuming responsibility for problems considered
virtuousvirtuousbull Socialized NOT to question authoritySocialized NOT to question authority
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Native American (living on Native American (living on res)res)bull Mistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systemMistrust of ldquowhiterdquo systembull Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs Use Medicine Man and follow traditional customs
(charms etc)(charms etc)bull Little family support for those adults with problems Little family support for those adults with problems bull Clans still existClans still existbull Depending on subsidization may not workDepending on subsidization may not workbull Traditions and celebrations highly prizedTraditions and celebrations highly prizedbull If traditional do not understand counseling for If traditional do not understand counseling for
ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature ldquospecificrdquo problem because we are one with nature and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for and the ldquoproblemrdquo is just part of the process for nownow
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
HaitianHaitianbull Haiti is 1Haiti is 1stst black independent country black independent country
bull Poorest country in western hemispherePoorest country in western hemisphere
bull Group work (konbit)Group work (konbit)
bull FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French FrenchKreyol ndash many will identify with French language (elite in Haiti)language (elite in Haiti)
bull As a result children may underperform because of As a result children may underperform because of a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with a linguistic mismatch are misdiagnosed with having a disability In Haiti most households having a disability In Haiti most households consist of multiple generationsconsist of multiple generations
bull May identify as transnational (living a life that May identify as transnational (living a life that bridges both countries)bridges both countries)
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull 80 Catholic 20 Protestant 80 Catholic 20 Protestant (Voodoo)(Voodoo)
bull PatriarchalPatriarchal
bull Men are breadwinnersMen are breadwinners
bull Men do not get involved with Men do not get involved with childcarechildcare
bull Feel education is job of schoolFeel education is job of school
bull May live with many women May live with many women maintain more than one householdmaintain more than one household
bull Children wdisabilityChildren wdisability
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
LGBTQLGBTQbull Close knit group Close knit group bull Mistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldMistrust of systems created for heterosexual worldbull Must workinteract with homophobic societyMust workinteract with homophobic societybull Disclosing problems help foster myths about Disclosing problems help foster myths about
gaylesbian culturegaylesbian culturebull Hypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietyHypersensitivity to treatment in mediasocietybull Secretive due to career family denialSecretive due to career family denialbull Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as Society accepts overt hostility and homophobia as
naturalnaturalbull The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in The higher educationstatushellipmore accepted in
heterosexual society more expected from heterosexual society more expected from gaylesbian communitygaylesbian community
bull Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal Can be uncomfortable in discussions about personal lifelife
bull Lesbian UtopiaLesbian Utopiabull Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)Homosexuality (mythperceptionhellipall about sex)bull Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is Problemschallenges can affect the way my family is
perceivedperceived
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
ElderlyElderlybull Internalized gender rolesInternalized gender rolesbull ldquoldquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquoDonrsquot air dirty laundryrdquobull Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal Behaviors in the 40rsquos50rsquos perceived as normal
are now stigmatizedare now stigmatizedbull More moneyless likely to seek servicesMore moneyless likely to seek servicesbull Seen and treated by a large part of society like Seen and treated by a large part of society like
children or non-personschildren or non-personsbull Internalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipInternalized abuse as ldquonormalrdquo relationshipbull May be more conservative with moneyMay be more conservative with moneybull Not open to services hellip stigmatizedNot open to services hellip stigmatizedbull May have lack of self-esteem due to health May have lack of self-esteem due to health
relateddependency issues relateddependency issues bull May be isolatedMay be isolated
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
YouthYouth
bull Not believed because of ageNot believed because of age
bull Dismissed ndash problems not importantDismissed ndash problems not important
bull Lack of understanding of youth Lack of understanding of youth stressorsstressors
bull Almost every activity that is Almost every activity that is for for young young people is decided upon developed people is decided upon developed assessed and redeveloped assessed and redeveloped without without young people young people
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Discrimination against Young People in LanguageDiscrimination against Young People in Language
bull ldquoldquoAct your agerdquo Act your agerdquo
bull ldquoldquoChildren should be seen and not heardrdquo Children should be seen and not heardrdquo
bull ldquoldquoWhat do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo What do you know yoursquore just a kidrdquo
bull ldquoldquoDo as I say not as I dordquo Do as I say not as I dordquo
bull ldquoldquoYoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo Yoursquoll understand it someday just you waitrdquo
Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by Discrimination against Young People in School Students are forced by law to attend schools that may not be effective law to attend schools that may not be effective
bull Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge Classroom learning relies on adults as sole-holders of knowledge
bull Decisions about students including learning topics activities Decisions about students including learning topics activities punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made punishments budgeting and teaching methods are routinely made without students without students
bull Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to Adults routinely grade students without giving equal weight to studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement studentsrsquo perspectives on their own academic achievement
bull Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when Double-standards in treatment including when the belief that when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when teachers yell at students they are controlling classrooms when students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning students yell at teachers they are creating unsafe learning environments environments
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull Discrimination against Young People in Discrimination against Young People in Communities People under 18-years-old are Communities People under 18-years-old are virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or virtual non-citizens without the right to vote or any tangible political representation and minimal any tangible political representation and minimal influence influence
bull Community problem-solving that routinely Community problem-solving that routinely neglects youth members neglects youth members
bull Local laws that target youth including anti-Local laws that target youth including anti-cruising and anti-graffiti laws cruising and anti-graffiti laws
bull Media bias against youth that alternatively Media bias against youth that alternatively portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who portrays youth as apathetic super-predators who are obese stuck on computers gang members are obese stuck on computers gang members
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Mental HealthMental Health
bull Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse Mental health issues can be a symptom of abuse andor impede the individualrsquos ability to andor impede the individualrsquos ability to understand or reach out for helpunderstand or reach out for help
bull An individual with mental health issues may also An individual with mental health issues may also be using medication andor substances that may be using medication andor substances that may make understanding their situation or our efforts make understanding their situation or our efforts to help difficultto help difficult
bull Individuals with mental health issues may not Individuals with mental health issues may not report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear report this because of our societyrsquos stigma fear and lack of education on mental illnessand lack of education on mental illness
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Substance AbuseAddictionSubstance AbuseAddiction
bull Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Addiction is recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease Association as a disease
bull Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be Addictedsubstance abusing individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma reluctant to seek help due to our societyrsquos stigma about addiction and past experiences in trying to about addiction and past experiences in trying to receive servicesreceive services
bull Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for Individuals with drugalcohol issues may be using for a variety of reasonsa variety of reasonsndash Addiction Addiction ndash Coping strategies for pain fear etcCoping strategies for pain fear etcndash Problem solving tool in their culture of origin Problem solving tool in their culture of origin
(familyhellipfriends)(familyhellipfriends)
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
bull These are some very basic cultural These are some very basic cultural generalities generalities
bull They are not indicative of the entire culture They are not indicative of the entire culture or of specific individuals living within that or of specific individuals living within that cultureculture
bull In other words regardless of what culture we In other words regardless of what culture we come from we are all still individuals with come from we are all still individuals with our own beliefs and actions that may support our own beliefs and actions that may support or split away from what our general culture or split away from what our general culture believes and their behavioral normsbelieves and their behavioral norms
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
WHAT CAN I DOWHAT CAN I DO
bull The most appropriate way to begin with any The most appropriate way to begin with any client is to have some understating of their client is to have some understating of their particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you particular culture then ask ldquoHow can I help you achieve your goalsrdquo achieve your goalsrdquo
bull Establishing rapport with each individual client is Establishing rapport with each individual client is different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo different based on not only the cultural ldquorulesrdquo but also asking the client about themselves as but also asking the client about themselves as individuals within that cultureindividuals within that culture
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Ask permissionAsk permission
bull Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when Show interest in the clientrsquos culture when establishing rapport establishing rapport
bull Ask if Ask if it is appropriate it is appropriate to ask questionsto ask questions
bull Ask how they would like to be addressed Ask how they would like to be addressed (Ms Miss Mr etc)(Ms Miss Mr etc)
bull When questioning about domestic When questioning about domestic violence explain WHAT confidentiality violence explain WHAT confidentiality meansmeans
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Culturally competent Culturally competent service providersservice providersbull Are aware of how their own cultural Are aware of how their own cultural
backgrounds experiences attitudes values backgrounds experiences attitudes values and biases influence psychological processesand biases influence psychological processes
bull Have a clear and explicit knowledge and Have a clear and explicit knowledge and understanding of general characteristics of understanding of general characteristics of cultures they work withcultures they work with
bull Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual Respect clientrsquos religious andor spiritual beliefs and values because they affect how beliefs and values because they affect how they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning they see the WORLD psychosocial functioning and expressions of distressand expressions of distress
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-
Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See
bull I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc I acknowledge receiving from Abuse Counseling and Treatment Inc Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See and I have read and and I have read and understand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentationunderstand the information set forth in the PowerPoint presentation
bull I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief I understand it is my responsibility to bring questions to the Chief Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I Executive Officer supervisor or Community Education Coordinator if I do not understand or need clarification of any of this informationdo not understand or need clarification of any of this information
bull By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the By signing this I am verifying I have received and understand the Cultural Diversity More Than We Can SeeCultural Diversity More Than We Can See I will receive a Certificate I will receive a Certificate of Training for 2 hours of Training for 2 hours
bull Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________Employeersquos Signature ________________________________________
bull Employee printed name ______________________________Employee printed name ______________________________
bull Date __________________Date __________________
- Each person is representative of a mixture of ldquocultures and experiencesrdquohellip
- What is Cultural Competency
- In other wordshelliphelliphelliphellip
- What is a culture
- Slide 6
- What OTHER types of cultures do we recognize on a more subtle level
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Views Are Like Icebergs
- Labels Help us to Identify
- What is Diversity
- Slide 14
- Elements of Diversity
- Dimensions of Diversity
- Slide 17
- If we could shrink the earths population to a village of precisely 100 people with all the existing human ratios remaining the same it would look like this There would be
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Labeling = Stereotype Prejudice amp Discrimination
- Primary Characteristics Qualities We Are Born With
- Secondary Characteristics
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Prejudice Stereotype amp Discrimination
- Reducing Prejudice Stereotypes amp Discrimination
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
- Two Types of Self Fulfilling Prophecies (SFPrsquos)
- Slide 29
- Danger of First Impressions
- Slide 31
- Forming Perceptions
- Forming Perceptions (conrsquot)
- Slide 34
- Exclusion Brings
- Being Accepted Stimulates
- Slide 37
- Keys to Working Well w Others
- How can we respond to differences in the workplace
- Slide 40
- Cultural Competence requires that educators
- From One End to the Other
- helliptalent comes in all shapes and sizeshellip
- hellip and it also comes in all different containers
- Not only canrsquot we judge a book by its cover we must recognize that some books have had their covers torn off some are written in a foreign language and some might contain ideas with which we donrsquot agree Recognize accommodate and value ALL of your co-workersclients for what they represent and what they have to offer Be positive and proactive in this endeavor
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- PARADIGMS
- PARADIGM SHIFT
- CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Names amp Titles
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Cultural Generalizations
- Persons of Color
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Racism and White Privilege helliphellip Alive and well
- African American
- Slide 76
- Hispanic
- Slide 78
- Asian
- Native American (living on res)
- Haitian
- Slide 82
- LGBTQ
- Elderly
- Youth
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Mental Health
- Substance AbuseAddiction
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Ask permission
- Culturally competent service providers
- Cultural Diversity More Than We Can See
-