cultural translation of the commercial streets in nicosia arch 501 abbas hedayat 105228 oldouz...
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CULTURAL TRANSLATION OF THE COMMERCIAL STREETS IN NICOSIA
ARCH 501
ABBAS HEDAYAT 105228 OLDOUZ ASSADZADEH 105440NASTARAN CHEGINI 105075
Presentation Structure
Research Question/Aim Keywords Theoretical information about commercial streets
Definition of commercial streets General information about Nicosia (Visual, physical, social
characteristics) Commercial streets in old part of the city Commercial streets in new development part of the city
Physical/Visual/Social aspect of the streets Case Studies
Cafe/Restaurant Old/New Shop Old/New Cultural Center Old/New
Land Use of the Streets Effect of Cultural Translation in Both Old and New part of the City Comparison Reference
Research Question/Aim
What is the effect of cultural translation on OLD and NEW part of the city(Nicosia)?
Keywords
Cultural translation: Interaction of different cultures in various mediums where they adopt, borrow and translate from one another
Socialization: Interaction between people Interaction: Create social contact between people Rehabilitation: The process of returning a building to
its original state of utility by means of repair or alteration
Revitalization: Bringing again in to activity and prominence
Identity:Identity is the characteristics that differentiates objects or persons from each other and gives oneness to them.
Theoretical information about commercial streets
Definition of street :A number of buildings facing a common open space. The street is not only a means of access but also an arena for social expression.
Street Proportion: The ratio of width of street to height of enclosing buildings is critical for good street design. When, for example, a street is long and wide with two-storey houses ranged along a common frontage all sense of space enclosure is lost.
Narrow streets also facilitate shopping; movement from side to side for window gazing its much easier for the shoppers and indeed is effected by the physical form of the buildings.
Theoretical information about commercial streets UNITY IN STREET DESIGN: the buildings should
appear as surfaces rather than as mass. When buildings take on strong three-dimensional form the mass of the buildings dominates the scene and the space loses its importance. When the buildings ranged along a street have varied forms, styles and treatment the space loses definition and identity.
the use of common materials, details and architectural elements strengthen the unity in many street scenes.
Theoretical information about commercial streets
General information about Nicosia (Visual, physical, social characteristics) The original town from which Nicosia
developed was known as Ledra. The city is better known by Medieval name,
Nicosia. It lies just to the north of the geographical centre of the island at an elevation of 160 meters. The immediate surroundings of the city are perfectly flat; to the south only some terrace-shaped heights make their appearance (Salvator, 1983).
during the Early Byzantine period the town took the name Lefkosa, meaning poplar grove
General information about Nicosia (Visual, physical, social characteristics) After the sack of Nicosia by Genoese in 1373, it was walled for the
first time (der Perthog, 1994). In 1570 the Ottomans conquered Nicosia. As a result of this, city
began to take on an Eastern look with enclosed balconies, latticed windows or dominated minarets to the skyline (der Perthog, 1994).
During this period the town changed its aristocratic-feudal character to a modern one, and acquired additional infrastructure, new buildings and facilities for public use: public baths for men and women, aqueducts and fountains to bring into the town, libraries and hostels, all in line with the new Ottoman habits and culture. Besides, existing buildings were transformed to serve better requirements of the new society and its way of life. Parallel to these developments, it also expanded its commercial quarters along east and west axis, formerly a river bed which crossed the town, as a unifying infrastructure for the entire city. The main commercial centre of the city and the other related facilities were concentrated along this axis; caravanserais, covered streets, which were called arasta, open porticoes with shops underneath, and markets of various kinds. Beside, the most important church in the town, St. Sophia Cathedral was converted into a mosque and its squares were used as an open market area (Doratli, 2000).
Nicosia started to expand rapidly after the end of World War II. Its suburbs expanded rapidly during that period. Nicosia has not only faced expansion outside the walls, but also demolition and destruction of old buildings in the walled city (Sahin. N, Daratli. N. 2009).
General information about Nicosia (Visual, physical, social characteristics)
District typology
C CULTURAL
TR
TRADITIONAL
RE
RECREATIONAL
CO
COMMERCIAL
A ADDMINISTRATIVE
R RESIDENTIAL
M MIXUSE
E EDUCATIONAL
General information about Nicosia (Visual, physical, social characteristics)
Sarayonu Street
Ledra Street
Arasta Street
Lokmaci Street
The Old City by wonderful architecture is surrounded with Venetian wall in which the shoppers are covered by Belediye Pazarı market, and the Büyük Han (Great Inn), recently restored, is a busy centre for tourists and locals alike. The entrance to the walled city is Kyrenia gate .we can see examples of Gothic architecture such as Selimiye mosque. Also other examples from different eras like;Turkish bath and Venetian columns.
Commercial streets in old part of the city
Commercial streets in old part of the city Before, 1882, the main corridor of commercial activities
was in east-west direction towards Famagusta. Existence of two gates, Famagusta and Paphos, has facilitated the interrelationship in this direction.
The shift of commercial activities resulted in the increase of density and height of buildings, which consequently changed urban pattern.
Direction of development Before 1882
Direction of development After 1882
Commercial streets in old part of the city
Market and square: market is the ideal precedent of the Ottoman city, the integrated quarter of the past served as a model for the creation of a new place of interaction ( Salvator, 1983).
Market first developed along streets before assuming the form of a defined urban space. For this reason, many new market squares were located immediately next to an important religious building or at the periphery near a town gate. There were usually several markets specializing in various commodities indeed, the entire medieval city functioned as a market.
Commercial streets in old part of the city
The ottoman city contained several market types. The bedesten, or market hall was originally
used for the sale of silk and other precious fabrics although later many of these were transformed to markets for jewellery (Entoniades, 1991).
Bazaars (closed market) were very common for both Turks and Greeks at the past. They were the centers of social life: they extended between the gates of Famagusta and Paphos, and in this manner cut the town fairly in half. They were generally open, simply covered with mats and linen rugs; only four and half of them have regular roof. These were the centers of social life.
Commercial streets in old part of the city
Sarayonu Street
Ledra StreetArasta Street
Arasta Street Lokmaci Street
Sarayonu Street
Metropole road
Kaymakli road
Dereboyo Street
Lemar road
This new streets are located out of the walled city and they built in the modern areas of the lefkosa. They are mostly used for commercial purposes , but also they include some residential buildings, And some of them are multifunctional buildings, there are shops at the ground floor and houses on the top floors. There are some lands that there is no construction on them.Unfortunately these new buildings don’t have any harmony in terms of facades and materials.The buildings themselves have their own style but when they gathered in the street next to each other they do not create an identity and style for the street.
Commercial streets in new development part of the city
One problem for the new commercial streets is the integration of car parking within the pedestrian and surrounding urban fabric is weak.
the city being in a hot country, its streets ought to be made narrow, and the houses high, that by their shade, and by the narrowness of the streets, the heat of the site may be tempered.
Streets and their sidewalks, the main public places of a city, are its most vital organs which we couldn’t see well designed in new commercial streets.
Commercial streets in new development part of the city
Commercial streets in new development part of the city
Metropole road
Kaymakli road
Dereboyo Street
Lemar roadDereboyo Street
Kaymakli road
The Physical aspects of the streets
The physical form of the streets
OLD CITY NEW CITY
Name of the street
ARASTASTREET
LOKMACI STREET
LEDRA STREET
SARAYONUSTREET
DEREBOYUSTREET
METROPOLSTREET
LEMARSTREET
KAYMAKLISTREET
Straight or curved
straight straight straight straight curved straight curved straight
Long or short
short short short short long long long long
Wide or narrow
Narrow Narrow Narrow Narrow Wide Wide Wide Wide
Density high high high high low low low low
Pedestrian pathway
continuous continuous continuous Uncontinuous
Continuous Uncontinuous
Uncontinuous
Uncontinuous
The Social aspects of the streets
The social form of the streets
OLD CITY NEW CITY
Name of the street
ARASTASTREET
LOKMACI STREET
LEDRA STREET
SARAYONUSTREET
DEREBOYUSTREET
METROPOLSTREET
LEMARSTREET
KAYMAKLISTREET
Users Native/Tourist /Greeks
Native/Tourist /Greeks
Native Native/Tourist Native/Students
Native Native Native
Degree of interaction
High High High High High low low low
Space & Identity
Exist Exist Exist Non-exist Exist Non-exist Non-exist Non-exist
Socializing places
Bazar/ Mosque/ BuyukHan
Mosque Café/Restaurant
Mevlavi Museum/Public square
Café/Restaurant
Park/Restaurant
Stadium Cemetery
The Visual aspects of the streets
The visual form of the streets OLD CITY NEW CITY
Name of the street
ARASTASTREET
LOKMACI STREET
LEDRA STREET
SARAYONUSTREET
DEREBOYUSTREET
METROPOLSTREET
LEMARSTREET
KAYMAKLISTREET
Material Traditional yellow stone
Traditional yellow stone
Traditional yellow stone
Traditional yellow stone
Modern Materials(Concrete)
Modern Materials(Concrete)
Modern Materials(Concrete)
Modern Materials(Concrete)
Roof Line Clear Clear Clear Unclear Unclear Unclear Unclear Unclear
Average Height of the buildings
1-2 Stories
1-2 Stories 1-2 Stories 1-2 Stories 3-4 Stories 3-4 Stories 3-4 Stories 3-4 Stories
Variety of land use
yes yes yes yes yes no no yes
Relationship between outside/inside of the building
strong strong strong strong strong weak weak weak
CASE STUDIES
LEDRA roadCAFE: Starbucks Coffee
Visual Analysi
s
Social Analysi
s
Physical Analysis
DEREBOYO STREET
RESTAURANT: Califorian Restaurant
Visual Analysi
s
Social Analysi
s
Physical Analysis
LEDRA road SHOPS
Visual Analysi
s
Social Analysi
s
Physical Analysis
METROPOL STREET
SHOP: Metropol
Visual Analysi
s
Social Analysi
s
Physical Analysis
SARAYONU road MUSEUM: Mevlevi Museum
Visual Analysi
s
Social Analysi
s
Physical Analysis
DEREBOYO STREET MUSEUM: Museum of BARBARITY
Visual Analysi
s
Social Analysi
s
Physical Analysis
Land use of the streetsOLD CITY NEW CITY
Name of the
street
ARASTA
STREET
LOKMACI STREET
LEDRA STREET
SARAYONUSTREET
DEREBOYUSTREET
METROPOLSTREET
LEMARSTREET
KAYMAKLISTREET
shops 30 24 109 34 46 46 53 48
café/restaurant
3 5 23 5 4 4 9 4
Museum/cultural
center and cinema
•traditional hamam: 1•Mosque: 2
2 0 2 1 1 1 0
others •Empty building:17•Banks and exchanges:4
•Hotel/casino: 2•Law court: 1 Police station: 1 Betting house: 1•Insurance company: 2
•Number of banks &exchange: 4•Betting: 1 High school: 1 Park: 1
•Stadium:1
Public/Private
Users
Function
Architectural
Element
Effect of cultural translation in both old and new part of the city
Cultural translatio
n
New additions did not affect the physical structure of the public open spaces in the walled city
Cyprus is affected by people from different cultures and it influenced people lifestyle.
In old part of the city residential houses mostly changed to commercial proposes
Architectural elements from different cultures can be seen in features of the buildings in both old and new part of the city, for instance, capitals of columns, Cypriot arches and semi-open spaces like terraces.
Walled city of Nicosia had faced with different cultures throughout the history. And historic building existing in this city remained from different periods. Due to the effect of these different cultures, buildings were constructed with special characteristics features of those periods. Especially buildings located in the traditional or cultural districts reflect the characteristic features and architectural details of those periods. Since new additions did not affect the physical structure of the public open spaces in the walled city, they almost preserved its original character except the deterioration and obsolescence occurred as a result of improper maintenance.
Effect of cultural translation in both old and new part of the city
Commercial districts are the focal points of both northern and southern part of the walled city. In the southern part pedestrian streets are the most common type of public open spaces.
Ledra Street has been rehabilitated. In the northern part, commercial district is one
of the magnet points of the city. Primary vehicular street and the major square located at the center of this district. However, like southern part of the city commercial districts are not very rich in terms of public open space variety.
Effect of cultural translation in both old and new part of the city
There is big difference between old and new part of the city which influence on social, visual and physical aspects.
From social aspect there are more gathering squares in the old part and the pedestrian ways designed more efficiently in the old streets and this factor could create more interaction between people but in new commercial streets we observed that the cars which are parked in front of the shops are blocking the windows of the shops and pedestrian pathway.
In the Ledra street we can see that the historical houses are given a new function and new identity by transforming them to commercial places. This transformation prevented the historical buildings to be neglected and be forgotten so by giving them a new function these buildings have been given a new life and identity, and that is called Revitalization.
COMPARISON
In social point of view, in the old part of the town, interaction of people is more than the new development areas because of the social gathering places that are designed in the heart of the streets of old city.
The historical buildings are attracting people as landmarks by their specific architectural style in the old part of the city but this focal point is missing in the new development areas.
In the new development areas of the city, the only places that are good for socialization are the places that people should spend money to be able to gather but on the other hand, in the old parts of the city there are many places for people to gather and socialize freely.
The narrow pedestrianized city street with continuous enclosing walls slightly higher than street width are most successful for some old commercial streets.
COMPARISON
SHOPSVehicular road
Pedestrian pathway
SHOPSPedestrian street
Transformation of private & public spaces in old and new part of the city
Space organization in new part of the city
Space organization in new part of the city
Metropol
Lokmaci
•the density of the buildings in new streets are decreasing in comparison to the walled city.
•In the old part of the city we witness that the density of the buildings are higher than the new parts.•The shops are placed near to each other without any empty space between them.
COMPARISON
Old Part of the city New development part of the city
DEREBOYO STREET
METROPOL STREET
LEMAR STREET
KAYMAKLI STREET
ARASTA STREET
LOKMACI STREET
LEDRA road
SARAYONU road
COMPARISON
References
Pasaoglulari Sahin, N., Doratli, N. (2009), Design principles of public open spaces in the walled cities, Germany, VDM Verlag Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co.KG.pp. 119-156
Keshishian, K. (1960). A Comprehensive guide for tourists and travellers: Romantic Cyprus. Stourbridge: Mark and Moody Ltd.
Der Parthog, G. (1994). Byzantine and Medieval Cyprus: Aguide to the monuments. UK: Interworld Publications.
Salvator, L. (1983). Levkosia: the Capital city of Cyprus. London: Trigrap. Demi, D. (1991). The walled city of Nicosia, Atypology study, Nicosia
master plan (unpublished report). Nicosia: UNDP. Doratli, N. (2000), A model for conservation and revitalisation of historic
urban quarters in TRNC Cyprus. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta.
Moughtin, C., (2003), STREET AND SQUARE, Oxford ,Architectural Press, An imprint of Elsevier Science, Linacre House, Jordan Hill.
Mitchell, L., Burton, E. (2006), Streets for Life, Oxford, Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK.
URL1: http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/city/nicosia/nic-museums.htm URL2: http://www.kings-hotel.com/flash-site/nicosia.html URL3: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cyprus/north-cyprus/lefkosa-north-nicosia