culture cultural geography – looking at the distribution of cultural traits. ...
TRANSCRIPT
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Culture
Cultural Geography – Looking at the distribution of cultural traits.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeEdoIwwTlw&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-33JF2kc7BQ&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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Culture
• What is culture?– A people’s way of life– A people’s behavior– A people’s shared understanding about self and
the world– Makes actions of individuals understandable
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Culture
• Think: a group of people stranded on an island
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Culture traits• LANGUAGE• Art
– Music– Dance– Architecture– Painting– Sculpture– Literature
• Religion• Ethnicity
• Food• Clothing• Traditions/customs• Holidays• Education• Government• Economics/trade• Transportation• Communication• Agriculture
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Culture RegionArea where shared distinctive cultural traits existInhabitants aware culture is different from othersBorders
Remember perceptual regions of emotions and feelings
Historically Integration of environment, spirituality, and local economies Post-industrial world - Still regions but less influence from physical environment. More reaction to consumer oriented “placeless” global economy
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Regional Identity• Express cultural beliefs through symbols
– Monuments, flags, slogans, religious icons, house types– Promote ideas about values and identity
• Usually symbols of the majority, not minority• Consider a decreasing influence from culture
region center:– Core:
• Centralized zone of concentration, possess all culture traits to define region
– Domain:• Particular culture is dominant but less
intense– Sphere:
• Zone of outer influence where people can be a minority in other culture region
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Core, Domain, Sphere
One culture’s core can lie within another culture’s sphere
ex. Tibet
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Cultural Regional Identity
• Transitions can be gradual or abrupt– Abrupt
• Chinese Wall and Himalaya Mtns.
– Gradual• Curry, soy, language, religion
– Or syncretism – a blend of different beliefs or practices
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Folk and Popular Culture
Amish Horse & Buggy, Ohio
Rad Scot with Kilt Seeking Killer Waves
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The Forbidden CityBeijing, China
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Beijing, China
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Material vs. Nonmaterial
• Material culture: what a group of people make
• Nonmaterial culture: beliefs, practices, aesthetics and values of a group of people
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Folk Culture
• Small• Incorporates homogeneous population• Typically rural• Cohesive in cultural traits• Preserve traits to be unique
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Popular Culture• Large• Typically urban• Changes very quickly• Practiced by diverse people across the world• It is material and nonmaterial culture
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New Zealand
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Bhutan
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Toledo, Spain
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French Polynesia
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Chincheros Natives, Peru
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Frafra People, Ghana
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Vietnam
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Turkish Camel Market
Portuguese Fishing Boat Guatemalan Market
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Folk food cultureEffects on Landscape: usually limited - does have some impact
Agricultural:
• smaller fields, terraces, grain storage
• Labor intensive
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Thailand
Folk Agriculture
Peru
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FOLK FOOD
How did such differences develop?
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Food attractions and Taboo
• “staple” foods identified with regions• Spices reflect climate geography• Taboos – foods that embody negativity• Taboos to protect the environment• Taboos – Religious and social values
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Hog Production and Food Cultures
Fig. 4-6: Annual hog production is influenced by religious taboos against pork consumption in Islam and other religions. The highest production is in China, which is largely Buddhist.
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Popular food cultureEffects on Landscape: usually very visible – great impact
Agricultural:
• massive fields, ranches, farms, food storage
• capital intensive
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Food attractions and Taboo
• Genetically modified foods (GMOs)• Uniform ingredients• Industry created• Uniform presentation
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FOLK ARCHITECTUREEffects on Landscape: usually of limited scale and scope. Does have some impact
Dwellings:
• historically created from local materials:
• wood, brick, stone, skins
• Often traditionally arranged
• tied to physical environment.
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FOLK ARCHITECTURE
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Hearths & Diffusion of Popular Culture
• How do things become a part of popular culture?– Often begins with
contagious diffusion– Ex. Dave Matthews
Band– Also hierarchical -
importance places or influences
– Ex. Important cities, television, movies
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A Mental Map of Hip Hop
Fig. 4-3: This mental map places major hip hop performers near other similar performers and in the portion of the country where they performed.
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Popular CultureEffects on Landscape: creates
homogenous, “placeless” (Relph, 1976), landscape
Complex network of roads and highways Commercial Structures tend towards ‘boxes’ Dwellings may be suggestive of older folk traditions
• Planned and Gated Communities more and more common
Disconnect with landscape: indoor swimming pools, desert surfing.
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Wave pool in Tokyo, Japan
Are places still tied to local landscapes?
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Swimming Pool
West Edmonton Mall, Canada
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Problems with the Globalization of Culture
Impacts or destroys Folk Culture – or preserves traditions as museum pieces or tourism gimmicks.
Mexican Mariachis Polynesian Navigators Act out cultural
assumptions
Satellite Television, Baja California
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Marboloro Man in Egypt
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Fiji
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“Progress?”
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“They’re growing houses in the fields between the towns.”- John Gorka, Folk Singer