Culture Group: Southeastern

Physical Region: Coastal Plains

CADDOWICHITACHEROKEES

HOMES

Wikiup - beehive structure made of long poles, animal skins and grass

TOOLS/WEAPONS

• Pottery

• Woven baskets

• Bow and arrow

• Trotlines for fishing

• Bone tools and utensils

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

• 2 large confederacies

• Men and women could be council leaders (Caddo)

• Caddoes - eldest female head of family

FOOD

corn, beans, squash, fish, sunflowers, berries, figs, plums, etc.

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

Permanent homes

Farmers - very food rich enviroment

Wichitas - semi nomadic

Cherokees - written language

Culture Group: Coastal Plains

Physical Region: Coastal Plains

• Karankawa

• Coahuiltecan

HOMES

• Cone shaped

• Made of willow branches and hides with reed mats

TOOLS/WEAPONS

• Animal traps

• Pottery/woven baskets

• Bow and arrow

• Dugout canoe

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

• Small family tribes

FOOD

• Deer, beans, nuts, berries, spiders, ant eggs, worms, lizards, snakes, roots, scallops, turtles,

fish, alligator, locust, bear

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Use alligator grease as mosquito repellant

• Tatooed

• Nomadic (hunters & gathers)

• Cannibals - ate enemies believing it gave them strenth

Culture Group: Plains Culture

Physical Region: Great Plains/North Central Plains

• Comanches

• Kiowas

• Apaches

• Tonkawa

HOME

• Tipis and wikiups

TOOLS/WEAPONS

• Bows & arrows

• Lance and shield

• Tool and utensils made from bone, wood, or metal

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

• Council that made decisions for tribes

• All tribes moved down Texas from the north

FOOD

• Bear, buffalo, turkey, geese, antelope, elk, deer, roots, nuts, berries

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Painted tipies and shields

• Nomadic (hunters and gathers)

• mostly warrior/ raider societies

Culture Group: PuebloPhicsical Region: Mountains

& Basins

• Tiguas

• Jumanos

HOMES

• Flat roof, collect rainwater in pottery

• Adobe structure (bricks made of clay and grass, then dried)

• Cool in summer, warm in winter

TOOLS/WEAPONS

• Sled

• Bone tools

• Bow and arrow

• Pottery

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

• Council of leaders who made decisions for the tribe

FOOD

• Corn, mesquite beans, squash, cactus fruit

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Tatooed

• Farmers

• Created irrigation canals to water crops

Wichita Tribe

Located in North Central Texas along the Red R. and Brazos R.

Wichita Housing

Round huts made out of grass and poles.

Floor made from ash and clay.

Dug motes around the house to keep water out.

Wichita Food Sources

Corn, beans, squash, and pumpkin

Buffalo occasionally

Wichita Appearance

Loin cloth

Heavily tattooed around the eyes

Animal skin skirts

Unusual Facts about the Wichita

Held religious ceremonies when building homes.

History of the tribe was passed down orally by the Grandparents.

Cradleboards were used by the women to carry infants.

Jumano Tribe

Located in the Mountains and Basins region of Texas.

Jumano Housing

Single story, adobe brick homes built partially underground.

Jumano Food Sources

Corn, beans, squash, cactus tuna, mesquite bean.

Jumano Appearance

Loin cloth

Animal skin clothing

Packed mud on their head to stay cool

Unusual Facts about the Jumano

Due to dry conditions in west Texas, Jumano’s irrigated water to their crops.

Painted inside their house with red, black, and yellow paints.

Very peaceful tribe.