curbing resource consumption using team based feedback
DESCRIPTION
This work details a team-based feedback approach for reducing resource consumption. The approach uses paper printing within office environments as a case study. It communicates the print usage of each participant’s team rather than the participant’s individual print usage. Feedback is provided weekly via emails and contains normative information, along with eco-metrics and team-based comparative statistics. The approach was empirically evaluated to study the effectiveness of the feedback method. The experiment comprised of 16 people belonging to 4 teams with data on their print usage gathered over 58 weeks, using the first 30-35 weeks as a baseline. The study showed a significant reduction in individual printing with an average of 28%. The experiment confirms the underlying hypothesis that participants are persuaded to reduce their print usage in order to improve the overall printing behaviour of their teams. The research provides clear pathways for future research to qualitatively investigate our findings.TRANSCRIPT
Copyright 2010 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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Curbing Resource Consumption Using Team-Based Feedback
Souleiman Hasan1, Richard Medland2, Marcus Foth2, Edward Curry1
1 Digital Enterprise Research Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland2 Urban Informatics Research Lab, Queensland University of Technology & NICTA, Australia
[email protected]://www.StefanDecker.org/
In proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Persuasive Technology (2013), Sydney, Australia.
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Outline
Motivation and Background Paper consumption Previous work and research question Individual vs. team-based feedback
Experiment Setting Environment Print monitoring Persuasive strategies Procedure
Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Motivation
Of the global wood harvest for “industrial uses” 42% goes to paper production, a proportion expected to grow by more than 50 percent in the next 50 years. (Abramovitz, “Paper Cuts”, WorldWatch Institute, 1999, p. 124)
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Previous Work & Question
Using flavoured feedback to curb paper printing (Medland et al., 2010)
Focused on individualistic feedback Question: “Can membership in a group be
leveraged to persuade individuals to change their behaviour, and hence the group overall behaviour?”
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Individual-based Feedback
Individual vs. Team-based
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Team-based Feedback
Individual vs. Team-based
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Outline
Motivation and Background Paper consumption Previous work and research question Individual vs. team-based feedback
Experiment Setting Environment Print monitoring Persuasive strategies Procedure
Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Case Study Environment
DERI 130 staff members Interns, masters, PhDs, post-docs, research assistants,
research fellows, senior research fellows, professors, technical staff, and administrative staff
20 organisational units Reasons for printing
– Administrative printing by administrative and research staff.
– Printing research proposals, theses, academic and technical reports.
– Printing academic papers for internal review and reading purposes.
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Print Monitoring
Monitoring software on the print server
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Persuasive Strategies
Informative Traditional statistics Eco-metric statistics
Social Comparative Competitive
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Experimental Procedure
Data was aggregated and displayed weekly October 2010- May 2011: Baseline (w 1-31,35) May 2011- October 2011: Feedback provided
(w31, 35-58) Voluntary participants
Measure Person proportional printing over all printing every week
Team MembersUnit 1 Members 1, 2, 3,4Unit 2 Members 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10Unit 3 Members 11, 12, 13Unit 4 Members 14, 15, 16
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Outline
Motivation and Background Paper consumption Previous work and research question Individual vs. team-based feedback
Experiment Setting Environment Print monitoring Persuasive strategies Procedure
Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Results: Individual Printing
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Results: Statistical Significance
Difference sample normally distributed The Anderson-Darling test P-value = 0.343 Q-Q plot confirms normality
Paired t-test Standard level of significance alpha = 0.05 P-value = 0.025
It is statistically significant to say that the feedback method helped decrease the individuals’ proportional printing after it was applied
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Team Level Printing
All units except unit 2 reduced overall unit printing.
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Discussion
Previous survey revealed three themes Theme 1
Any printing conducted by staff was viewed as necessary, excepting accidents.
Theme 2 Staff viewed different metrics as relevant or
alternatively, as unnecessary for feedback on printing behaviour.
Theme 3 Staff viewed co-workers championing reduced paper use
as a helpful reminder to be conscious of how much they were printing.
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Theme 1
All printing is necessary About 31% of the participants – showed a slight
increase in their proportional printing Likely that the driving force behind the non-
responsive people is Theme 1. Any feedback method needs to address fully or
partially this theme to get better results e.g. by changing business processes
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Theme 2
Flavoured feedback Software in this experiment applied various
flavours in tandem Stating the same information in different ways
that address different models of individual perception is in fact a good feature of feedback methods
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Theme 3
Comparison and competition Temporal comparison
Contrasts team printing performance in a week to performance the week prior.
Social comparison Compares printing performance on a team-to-team basis
Feedback method has been able to form an incentive for individuals to lower printing.
Some teams did not respond Outliers exist and affect overall unit performance Future work: hybrid personal and team-based feedback
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Conclusions
Team-based feedback is persuasive. Applying several strategies in tandem helps
decrease divergence of outliers TODO
Study the effect of communities dynamics Test hypothesis with other types of resources: e.g.
energy consumption
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