current affairs for ias exams - 19 march 2014
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According to a survey conductedby the National Council for Applied Economic Research, four out of
ten women in India still have no say in their marriage, eight out of ten need permission to visit a
doctor, six out of ten practise some form of head covering, and the average Indian household gives
over Rs. 30,000 in dowry.
The National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) conducts the India Human Development
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Western Ghats Ecologically Sensitive Area
Survey (IHDS), the largest household survey in India after
the government's Nation Sample Survey Organisation
(NSSO) surveys, and the NCAER is the only independent
body that conducts such large-sample panel surveys.
The data shows that India has made progress in child
marriage, with 48% of women over 25 reporting in 2011-
12 that they were married before the age of 18 as
opposed to 60% in 2004-5. The average number of
children that women (over 40) reported they had had has
also come down slightly to 3.55, indicating that fertility is
falling. The practice of marrying a cousin or relative more
common in the south than the north is becoming less
common, but over 20% in Andhra Pradesh and Karnatastill marry relatives.
However, women's autonomy remains severely
constrained. 41% of women had no say in their marriage and just 18% knew their husbands before
marriage, a statistic that has not improved. Women's say in marriage rose with their level of
education, with income and with level of urbanisation and the southern states did better.
The average Indian family gives over Rs. 30,000 in cash as dowry and 40% admitted to giving large
items like TVs and cars as dowry. The practise of giving large items as dowry was most common
among forward caste Hindus and lowest among Muslims. Wedding expenses ranged from nearly Rs 1
lakh in the poorest village to Rs 1.7 lakh in small cities, a big jump over the 2004-5 survey. Kerala and
Delhi had the most expensive weddings.
The draft notification of Western Ghats Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) covering about 56,825 sq.
km has been put in public domain by the Union Environment and Forests Ministry. The notification has
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Nuclear fuel complex
left the demarcation of the ESA in Kerala to the State authorities by banking on their evaluation of the
Western Ghats boundaries.
This is slated to be the largest ESA declared under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 in the
country. The draft notification signalled the penultimate round of a long lasting debate kicked off by
the Union government when in 2010, Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh set up the Western Ghats
Ecology Expert Panel headed by ecologist Madhav Gadgil. The panels report created a stir in some of
the six States, especially Kerala, and forced the Union government to set up a second high level panel
to review the Gadgil report, this one under Planning Commission member K. Kasturirangan.
Unlike the Gadgil report, the Kasturirangan panel took pains to delineate densely inhabited areas from
forested patches and take a relative middle-path to balancing demands of development and
maintaining the integrity of the biodiversity hotspot.
Jayanthi Natarajan, Environment Minister in 2013, passed orders implementing the panels report after
the National Green Tribunal stepped in to pursue the case.
Under pressure, the UPA government at the Centre relented and permitted the State to redraw the
boundaries of the eco-sensitive zone with the third Environment Minister grappling with the issue in
UPA2, Veerappa Moily accepting the new demarcation days before the election model code of conduct
coming into force.
Following the approval of the Cabinet Committee on Security, the country's second nuclear fuel
complex will come up at Kota in Rajasthan. The Rs. 2,400-crore complex, next to the Rawatbhata
nuclear plant, will have the facility to reprocess atomic fuel.
The Department of Atomic Energy has made the new arrangement, keeping in mind the growing
demand for fuel required for nuclear plants. The complex will serve atomic plants which are proposed
to be developed in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh; Haryana; Jaitapur in Maharashtra and Mithi Virdhi in
Gujarat.
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Accession pact signed
India and Chinas MOU on IT
India's first nuclear fuel complex, developed at Hyderabad, does not have the capacity to meet the
growing demands from reactors which will come up by the next decade. Also, under the 12th Plan,
India aims to increase its nuclear energy generation capacity to over 17,300 MWe, from over 5,500
MWe now.
Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a treaty on Crimeas accession to Russia after delivering a
defiant speech defending his move and blasting the West for pursuing containment of Russia and
flouting international law.
The treaty was also signed by the Crimean leaders who attended a special joint session of the Russian
Parliament in the Kremlin. Mr. Putin said he was confident the Russian Parliament would ratify the pact.
Western accusations that Russia had invaded Crimea was denied. Russian reinforcements were inline with a treaty with Ukraine that allows Russia to have up to 25,000 troops at its Black Sea Fleet
base in Crimea. Mr. Putin dismissed concerns that Russia could seize other regions in Ukraine.
India and China, signed a memorandum of understanding on IT cooperation, which,was a formal
recognition from the Chinese government to promote Indian software companies, which have largely
struggled to obtain contracts from Chinese state-run companies. Both countries held their thirdStrategic Economic Dialogue (SED) recently.
India also sought Chinese support in substantially raising the speed on three rail corridors and in
developing modern stations.
China has rapidly modernised its rail network, which only three decades ago lagged behind Indias. The
country has also built the worlds biggest high-speed rail network, where trains run at 350 kilometres
per hour on 13,000 kilometres of newly-laid track, running entirely separately from the older rail
network. India has sought assistance in raising speeds on three lines, between New Delhi and Agra,
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Indian shares upgraded
Goldman Sachs upgraded Indian shares to "overweight" from "marketweight" and raised its target on Nifty
to 7,600, citing reduced external vulnerabilities, including a narrowing current account deficit, and potential
for gains ahead of elections that conclude in May.
The investment bank added it favours cyclicals over defensives because of expectations of an improvingeconomy and a bottoming out of earnings, according to a report .It also recommended investors to focus
on potential election beneficiaries in these markets.
It upgraded auto stocks to "overweight", while retaining the same rating on IT and energy stocks.
Goldman said Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC.NS), Coal India (COAL.NS), NTPC (NTPC.NS) and Bharat
Petroleum Corp (BPCL.NS) as public sector companies that could be key election beneficiaries.
Among private sector shares, ICICI Bank (ICBK.NS), Larsen and Toubro (LART.NS), UltraTech Cement
(ULTC.NS), JSW Steel (JSTL.NS), Indusind Bank and Voltas (VOLT.NS) were seen by Goldman as gaining
from elections.
Ice loss in Greenland
Kanpur and Chandigarh.
India has, however, asked Japan for assistance in carrying out a project report considering the
possibility of building a high speed rail line between Mumbai and Vadodara. At the SED, both sides
signed an MoU to push IT cooperation.
India has asked China to expand market access for software and pharmaceutical companies, and to
take steps to narrow the record $35 billion trade deficit.
According to a study , sea levels will probably rise more now that the last remaining stable portion of
Greenland's ice sheet -- the world's second-largest -- is unstable.
Scientists have known Greenland's ice sheet has been thinning for decades, but for the first time,
they've found that's even occurring in its northeast region that had been stable for 25 years. Since
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